OBJECTIVE:To establish sodium tetraphenylborate volumetric method in place of gravimetric analysis method for the determination of the content of potassium chloride in compound sodium chloride injection.METHODS:The contents of potassium chloride in compound sodium chloride injection were determined by sodium tetraphenylborate volumetric method and sodium tetraphenylborate gravimetric method respectively,the results of which were compared.RESULTS:The average recovery of volumetric method was99.75%(RSD=0.46%,n=9),there was no significant difference in the t-test comparison between the determination results of volumetric method and that of the gravimetric method.CONCLUSION:The sodium tetraphenylborate volumetric method is simple,fast and accurate,which can take the place of gravimetric method for the deter?mination of contents of potassium chloride in compound sodium chloride injection.

Child ; Humans ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; therapy

Objective To detect the apoptosis and the intensity of proliferation in different types of renal pathology in children with lupus nephritis (LN), analyzed the relationship between apoptosis and proliferation in LN. Methods Twenty - seven children (aged 7-16 years old, 21 type IV and 6 type V ) with biopsy- proven LN and nine as controls were included in the study. Apoptosis was detected by in situ nick- end labeling techniques (TUNEL) in renal biopsy samples. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the proliferating cells identified by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and detect the expressions of proteins of apoptosis associated gene PDCD5 and Caspase - 3 in these patients. Results 1. Compared to type V LN, the patients with type IV LN had more apoptolic cells,more PCNA positive cells and higher ratios of PCNA/apoptosis (P/A) in glomeruli. 2. There were no difference in expression of PDCD5 in glomeruli in type IV LN compared with those in type V LN. Numbers of apoptotic cells were observed in glomeruli. The expression of Caspase- 3 in type IV LN increased in glomeruli compared with that in type V LN. Conclusions The up- regulation of mechanism of apoptosis in type IV LN was less than that of type V LN. Caspase- 3 participated in the apoptosis of glomeruli of LN, but PDCD5 did not play a role during apoptosis of glomeruli of LN or the effect of PDCD5 promoting apoptosis was depressed.

Objective To explore the experience of nursing patients with Crohn’s disease.Method The nursing histories of 80 patients with Crohn’s disease were retrospectively reviewed to analyze and summarize the measures for nursing them.Result After active treatment and effective nursing,all the patients were improved and discharged.Conclusion Effective nursing is of positive significance to improve the curative effect of Crohn's disease.

Objective To study the bioavailability and bioequivalence of erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules in healthy male volunteers.Methods In a randomized two-period crossover study,20 healthy male volunteers received single 500 mg test and reference formulations of erythromyein ethylsuccinate granules.The plasma concentrations of erythromycin were assayed by microbiological method.Results The parameters of test and reference preparations were as follows:T_(max)(0.86?0.22)and (0.80?0.13)h,C_(max)(2.13?0.64)and(2.16?0.61)mg/L,t_(1/2)(2.04?0.2)and(1.97?0.4)h,AUC_(0-t)(4.96?1.73)and(4.63?1.52)mg?h/L,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two preparations.The rela- tive bioavailahility of the test granules was(109.1?22.8)%.Conclusions The two preparations of erythromycin ethylsucci- nate granules are bioequivalent.

Objective To explore oropharyngeal swallowing disorders with videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Methods 16 patients with dysphagia accepted VFSS with 10 ml of thin barium meal (50% w/v), thick barium meal (270% w/v), biscuit coated with thick barium meal in single swallow. Their swallowing function was observed on the lateral and anterior/posterior planes, including: symmetry of pyriform sinuses, oral transit time, presence of pharyngeal delay, pharyngeal transit time, oral and pharyngeal residue, and presence of aspiration.Results 5 patients demonstrated oral swallowing disorder. 3 patients demonstrated pharyngeal swallowing disorders, that was pharyngeal delay which caused in aspiration after swallowing. 8 patients demonstrated oropharyngeal swallowing disorders, and 3 of them presented aspiration,2 patients were silent aspirators, 1 was aspiration before and 1 after swallowing. The aspiration time could not be judged from the videofluoroscopy in the other one. For 4 patients with aspiration, 3 were severe, with more than 25% of the bolus aspirated, and 1 aspirated less than 5%. Conclusion VFSS can be helpful to plan individual rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate methods and experience of autologous granular fat transplantation by correction of aging face. Methods 178 cases of aging face subjects were treated by liposuction. Then autologous granular fat was harvested by liposuction,centrifuged and purified, and injected into marked areas of aging face. The injection process should be controled by multilevel and multiple tennel, in order to supplement the loss of facial soft tissue volume and improve the aging face. Results The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 3 years. All the subjects had a satisfactory results with no obvious complications such as fat liquefaction, infection and ulceration. The effect of autologous granular fat transplantation was obvious and permanent. Conclusions Autologous granular fat transplantation is a safe and effective surgical technique for facial soft tissue augmentation that can effectively improve aging face and worthy of clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods The clinical data of 16 patients who received transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Xinqiao Hospital from January 2008 to May 2010 were retrospectively analysed. An incision with a length of 1.5 cm was made adjacent to the umbilicus, and then two 5 mm trocars and one 10 mm trocar were installed. After the establishment of pneumoperitoneum, a laparoscopic camera was placed via the 10 mm trocar,and laparoscopic instruments and a 5 mm ultrasonic scalpel were placed via the two 5 mm trocars, respectively.Cholecystectomy was performed in the same manner as for the conventional laparoscopic procedure. Results All the operations were successfully carried out. The operation time was 50-150 minutes. No drainage tube was inserted,and no complications such as bleeding or bile leakage were observed after the operation. Patients recovered well,and no scarring was observed around the umbilicus. Conclusions Transumbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible, but it is more difficult than laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of manipulation.Transumbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy has the potential to replace laparoscopic cholecystectomy if the operative instruments are improved.

Objective To understand colonization of pathogens in nasal vestibular of health care workers (HCWs) in intensive care unit (ICU),and provide evidence for strengthening the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in ICU.Methods On may 2015,colonization status of pathogens in nasal vestibular of uninfected HCWs in ICU were actively screened,bacterial culture,isolation and identification were performed.The surveyed results were analyzed and compared with antimicrobial resistance of pathogens from patients at the same stage.Results A total of 96 HCWs were surveyed,43 pathogenic strains were isolated from different HCWs’na-sal vestibular,isolation rate and carriage rate were both 44.79%.The main pathogenic bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus(n=15,34.88%),followed by Enterobacter aerogenes (n =9,20.93%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K . pneumoniae ,n=7,16.28%).There was a high detection rate of pathogens from nasal vestibular of doctors,HCWs who smoked frequently and those who never exercised (all P <0.05).There were 1 strain of imipenem-resistant K . pneumoniae among 43 pathogenic strains.Resistance rate of 7 K .pneumoniae from HCWs to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin,and furantoin were all >50.00%,resistance rates to cefotaxime and imipenem were 28.57% and 14.29%respectively;resistance rates of 11 strains of K .pneumoniae from patients to furantoin was 100.00% during the same stage,but were sensitive to other commonly used antimicrobial agents.Resistance rate of 4 strains of Esche-richia coli (E.coli)to ampicillin was 75.00%,to gentamicin,tobramycin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and com-pound sulfamethoxazole were all 50.00%,6 strains of E.coli isolated from patients during the same period were found to be resistant to most commonly used antimicrobial agents.Conclusion Colonization rate of pathogens is high in nasal vestibular of HCWs in ICU,active screening and monitoring on colonization of pathogens in HCWs’ nasal vestibular is significant for preventing the occurrence and cross transmission of HAI among HCWs and pa-tients.

OBJECTIVETo improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) by studying the relationship between apoptosis and proliferation in children with LN.

METHODSThirty-one children (23 girls, 8 boys, aged 6-16 years) with biopsy-proven LN (21 type IV, 6 type V, 2 type II and 2 type III) and nine controls were included in the study. Apoptosis was detected by in situ nick-end labeling techniques (TUNEL) in renal biopsy samples. Proliferation was shown by PCNA detection. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expressions of PCNA, PDCD5 and Caspase-3. The images of glomeruli (G) and renal tubuli (T) were selected randomly on each biopsy sample, respectively, and transferred into computer by SECOM video camera. The quantity of PDCD5 and Caspase-3 expressions were evaluated according to the average intensity of PDCD5 and Caspase-3.

RESULTS1. Compared to control group, the patients with LN had increased apoptotic cells (G: 0.14 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.26; T: 0.16 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.16 +/- 0.42; P < 0.01) and increased PCNA positive cells (G: 0.47 +/- 0.25 vs. 8.45 +/- 2.83; T: 1.32 +/- 0.15 vs. 13.73 +/- 3.54; P < 0.01) in glomeruli and renal tubuli. The high ratios of PCNA/apoptosis (P/A) were observed in glomeruli (3.37 +/- 1.93 vs. 10.01 +/- 2.96, P < 0.01) and tubuli (8.94 +/- 1.79 vs. 12.81 +/- 3.91, P < 0.05) in LN group. 2. There was no difference in expression of PDCD5 in glomeruli between LN children and controls (0.09 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02, P > 0.05). The expression of PDCD5 in renal tubuli decreased significantly in LN children compared with controls (0.13 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.07, P < 0.01). 3. The expression of Caspase-3 in children with LN increased significantly in glomeruli and tubuli compared with that in controls (0.22 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.02; 0.08 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.01; P < 0.01). 4. The number of glomerular apoptotic cells showed a positive correlation with the expression of Caspase-3 (r = 0.718, P < 0.01), but no correlation with the expression of PDCD5 in all cases (r = 0.054, P > 0.05). The intensity of PDCD5 expression in glomeruli and renal tubuli showed no correlation with that of Caspase-3 expression in all cases (r = 0.061, P > 0.05, r = 0.049, P > 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the number of apoptotic cells in renal tubuli correlated negatively with the intensity of PDCD5 expression, whereas correlated positively with intensity of Caspase-3 expression in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS1. Although the number of apoptotic cells in the kidney of LN was more than that in the kidney of control group, the apoptosis in the kidney of LN was relative insufficient compared with the proliferation. 2. Caspase-3 was involved in the apoptosis of glomeruli and renal tubuli of LN. 3. It was unclear if PDCD5 participated in the apoptosis of glomeruli of LN. While PDCD5 might participate the apoptosis of renal tubuli in LN.

Adolescent ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Biopsy ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lupus Nephritis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Regression Analysis