OBJECTIVE To investigate the tendency of bacterial distribution and resistance of hospitial infections,and to provide the reference for the clinical treatment and infection control in hospital.METHODS Bacteria isolated from patients in our hospital from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005 were identified by ATB expression,and bacterial susceptibility tests were performed on strains using Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS A total of 3066 pathogens strains were isolated,among them 927 strains were Gram-positive cocci(30.2%).The most common pathogens of them were Staphylococcus.Meticillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS) accounted for 69.0% and 77.6%,respectively.In our data,no vancomycin resistant S.aureus were isolated.There were 2134 strains of Gram-negative bacilli(69.6%),the most common pathogens of them were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae.The ESBLs producing strains of E.coli and K.pneumoniae accounted for 30.1% and 40.1%,respectively.The highest susceptible to Gram-negative bacilli was carbapenem,then were cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin /tazobactam and cefepime.Mainly pathogenic bacteria were multi-resistant to some antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS Drug resistance of the nosocomial infection bacteria is a serious problem.It's important and urgent to carry out surveillance of bacterial resistance for appropriate using of antibiotics and effective controlling nosocomial infections.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; secondary

Abnormalities, Multiple ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Alopecia ; pathology ; Bone Diseases, Developmental ; pathology ; Diarrhea ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; pathology ; Syndrome

Objective:To investigate the effects of different processing products of Cortex Phellodendri on scavenging oxygen free radicals and anti-lipidperoxidation. Method:The oxygen free radicals generation system and mouse liver homogenate lipid peroxidation in vitro were used. Result:The aqueous and 80% alcohol extracts of raw,stir-fried,stir-fried with salt,stir-fried with yellow alcohol products of Cortex Phellodendri could scavenge superoxide radical(O2*)generated through hypoxanthine-oxidase system and(*OH)generated through Fenton action,and inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by hydroxyl radical generation system,respectively.But the carbonized product has no effect.There are differences among these processed products.Conclusion:80% alcohol extract of stir-fried with yellow alcohol products of Cortex Phellodendri was more intense.

ObjectiveTo observe the rehabilitative effect of patients with shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke by manipulation treatment. MethodsThe patients with shoulder-hand syndrome were randomly divided into two groups, manipulation group (180cases) and control group (128 cases). Patients in the manipulation group were regularly given a passive quantitative movement on shoulder, elbow and hand joints,while patients in the control group were irregularly given a passive movement or ordered to perform an autonomic movement. The signs and symptoms of patients in these two groups were not much different. The rehabilitative effects were compared 3 months later. ResultsSigns and symptoms in the manipulation groups improved much better than that of the control group. Conclusions The manipulation treatment for the post-stroke patients with shoulder-hand syndrome is the method that is simple, effective and easy to perform.

BACKGROUNDPolypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are prominent prescribing issues in elderly patients. This study was to investigate the different prevalence of PIM use in elderly inpatients between 65-79 years of age and 80 years or older, who were discharged from Geriatric Department in West China Hospital.

METHODSA large-scale cohort of 1796 inpatients aged 65 years or over was recruited. Respectively, 618 patients were 65-79 years and 1178 patients were 80 years or older. Updated 2012 Beers Criteria by the American Geriatric Society was applied to assess the use of PIM among the investigated samples.

RESULTSA review of the prescribed medications identified 686 patients aged 80 years or older consumed at least one PIM giving a rate of 58.2%. Conversely, 268 (43.4%) patients aged 65-79 years consumed at least one PIM (χ2 = 40.18, P < 0.001). Patients aged 80 years or older had higher hospitalization expenses, length of stay, co-morbidities, medical prescription, and mortality than patients aged 65-79 years (all with P < 0.001). Patients aged 80 years or older were prescribed with more benzodiazepines, drugs with strong anticholinergic properties, megestrol, antipsychotics, theophylline, and aspirin. In multiple regression analysis, PIM use was significantly associated with female gender, age, number of diagnostic disease, and number of prescribed medication.

CONCLUSIONSThe finding from this study revealed that inpatients aged 80 years or older encountered more PIM use than those aged 65-79 years. Anticholinergic properties, megestrol, antipsychotics, theophylline, and aspirin are medications that often prescribed to inpatients aged 80 years or older. Doctors should carefully choose drugs for the elderly, especially the elderly aged 80 years or older.

Polymeric micelles which are self-assembled from amphiphilic copolymers are thermodynamically stable, and they can solubilize hydrophobic drugs by the hydrophilic core. Many excellent active compounds are confined because of general low oral bioavailability due to poor solubility. Take into account from the two points above, polymeric micelles may be used as proper oral carrier to improve the dissolubility of hydrophobic drugs, and enhance the permeation though gastrointestinal tract, therefore, the pharmacodynamics is elevated. Meanwhile, the segments in copolymers are multivariate, so many kinds of micelles can be obtained, such as, pH- or thermo- sensitive as well as mucoadhesive ones. The modified micelles can alter drug release profiles while solubilizing them, that is why the oral bioavailability increase further. In this review, recent progress of polymeric micelles used in oral administration is summarized, and the prospect of polymeric micelles' application in this field is also evaluated.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Micelles ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Risperidone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Silymarin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Solubility

Image guided surgery (IGS) means that computers are used for modeling the position of patients and providing the surgeons with image guidance for invasive procedures. In this paper, we introduce the composition and the work flow of IGS, analyze the process and principle of Registration, which is regarded as a process to combine the actual position of patients and the visual position of models. Seeing that the precision of the registration determines the precision of the IGS system directly, we conduct a study on the registration algorithm precision, feasibility as well as robustness. Combined with the actual requirements in clinical IGS, we also analyze the influence of changes in the number and position of markers on registration precision.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Neuronavigation ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endothelin-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Liver ; cytology ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; prevention & control ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Simian virus 40 ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the bone-implant interfaces of two kinds of implants with different surfaces in different time in vivo.

METHODSCDIC and ITI-TPS solid-screw cylinder pure titanium implants were selected and implanted in the regions of posterior molars of rhesus monkeys. 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 1 year after surgery, the bone-implant interfaces were evaluated respectively through oral examination, X-ray inspection, light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation.

RESULTSNone of the implants was loose. Soft tissue around implants appeared no inflammation. There were no apparent transparent shadow around the implants interfaces in X-ray photos except little angle-shaped absorption was showed in neck region of CDIC implants of one-month. New bone was observed around implants of one-month through light microscope and SEM. More bone growing around ITI implants were seen than that around CDIC implants except the interfaces of one-year.

CONCLUSIONThe osseointegration of ITI implants are better than that of CDIC implants during three months after implanting without loading. The bone formation at the interfaces of ITI and CDIC implants has no significant difference after one year without loading.