Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for more than 90% of the confirmed cases of esophageal cancer in Asia, and the degree of malignancy is high. There is a growing number of research on ESCC immunotherapy, particularly programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Among them, the most studied PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in ESCC are nivolumab, pembrolizumab, camrelizumab, toripalimab, tislelizumab, atozolizumab, SHR-1316 and durvalumab. Some of the clinical trials of these drugs are still in progress, and some have initially shown good results.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Zhongjiefeng dispersible tablets combined with ranitidine in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcer and its effec on inflammatory factors. Methods:Eighty-six patients who received recurrent oral ulcer in Yiwu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to January 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either ranitidine (control group, n = 43) or Zhongjiefeng dispersible tablets combined with ranitidine (observation group, n = 43) for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, visual analogue scale score and inflammatory factor were compared between the control and observation groups. Change in main symptom score after treatment relative to before treatment and the curative effect were also compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, the visual analogue scale score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.32 ± 0.37) vs. (3.06 ± 0.54), t = 17.430, P < 0.05]. After treatment, serum interleukin-2 [(16.42 ± 3.18) μg/L], interleukin-6 [(6.56 ± 1.28) ng/L], tumor necrosis factor-α [(7.69 ± 1.34) μg/L] levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(25.97 ± 5.24) μg/L, (9.84 ± 1.62) ng/L and (11.86 ± 1.83) μg/L, t = 10.217, 10.4617 and 12.056, all P < 0.05]. After treatment, ulcer area score [(0.76 ± 0.14) points] and ulcer number score [(0.68 ± 0.19) points] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.21 ± 0.20) points and (1.24 ± 0.30) points, t = 12.087, 10.341, both P < 0.05]. Total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [93.02% (40/43) vs. 72.09% (31/43), χ 2 = 6.541, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Zhongjiefeng dispersible tablets combined with ranitidine exhibits obvious curative effect on recurrent oral ulcer in patients through reducing pain and inflammatory reaction.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the primary etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and muticentric Castleman's disease. In common with the other herpesviruses, KSHV exhibits both latent and lytic life cycles, both of which are characterized by distinct gene expression profiles and programs. KSHV encodes proteins which play essential roles in the inhibition of host adaptive and innate immunity, the inhibition of apoptosis, and the regulation of the cell cycle. KSHV also encodes several proteins which have transforming and intrcellular signalling activity.

The Kingdom of Sweden is the biggest country on the Scandinavian Peninsula.It has developed an exlent welfare system called 'cradle-to-grave'.As the key of its welfare system,health care system is of an unique one that provides people with leading quality and lower cost care in Sweden.

It is a consensus to place stent after cutting bile duct in the hepatobiliary surgery in the past.However,as the development of bile physiological research and surgical technique,especially the raise of medical concepts of rapid recovery,the negative effects which are caused by the placement of stent have been taken seriously gradually.Up to now,whether the stent should be placed after the bile duct is cut has no definite answer yet.

Objective To know about the status quo and influencing factors of undergraduate nurses' psychological empowerment at present,and provide a theoretical basis for nursing administrators so as to take measures to raise the level of psychological empowerment of undergraduate nurses.Methods General information questionnaire for nurses,Psychological Empowerment Scale were used to survey 207 undergraduate nurses in 3 first class teaching hospital of Dalian City.Results Undergraduate nurses' psychological empowerment score was (43.890±6.515) points,four dimensions whose scores from high to low were self-efficacy,job significance,autonomy and job impact.There was statistical difference in terms of ages,working length,working positions,professional titles,working purposes and training opportunities.Among them,working position and working purpose were the most important influencing factors of psychological empowerment.Conclusions Psychological empowerment of undergraduate nurses needs to be improved,managers should pay attention to the role of psychological empowerment,and actively cultivate and correctly guide undergraduate nurses in order to stimulate their potential in work,and finally,promote the sustainable development of a solid nursing career.

Objective To compare the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) on brain injury in the infants with compli‐cated congenital heart disease(CHD) and simple CHD by analyzing and monitoring the perioperative cerebral electric impedance co‐efficient ,serum S‐100βprotein and neuron specific enolase (NSE) .Methods Forty infants with CHD were randomly selected and divided into two groups:the complicated group(n=20 ,13 cases of tertralogy of fallot ,7 cases of transposition of great arteries) and the simple group(n=20 ,8 cases of atrial septal defect ,12 cases of ventricular septal defect) .Blood samples were taken and the cere‐bral electric impedance coefficients before operation(T1 ) ,at 10 min after CPB(T2 ) ,immediately after aortic clamping(T3 ) ,aortic o‐pening(T4 ) ,end of CPB(T5 ) ,at 5 h(T6 ) and 24 h (T7 ) after CPB were measured by the BORN‐BE noninvasive brain edema moni‐tor .Serum levels of S‐100βprotein and NSE were detected by ELISA .Results There was no statistically significant difference in the cerebral electric impedance coefficient ,S‐100βprotein and NSE before surgery(P>0 .05) .The cerebral electric impedance coef‐ficient ,S‐100βprotein and NSE were significantly increased from the beginning to the end of CPB(P< 0 .05) ,and gradually de‐creased after CPB(P<0 .05) .The cerebral electric impedance coefficient ,S‐100βprotein and NSE were obviously higher in the com‐plicated group than those in the simple group at the same time points(P<0 .05) .The cerebral electric impedance coefficient was re‐spectively correlated with S‐100βprotein and NSE .Conclusion The influence of CPB on brain injury in complicating CHD infants is more serious than that in simple CHD infants .The BORN‐BE noninvasive brain edema monitor can be used during CPB periopera‐tive period in complicating CHD infants for conducting the real time monitoring in order to reduce brain damage .

Objective To investigate the effects and safety of mechanical continue heart chest compression ventilation (CCV) and interrupt pressure ventilation (30∶2) on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods According to the mechanical pressure ventilation different way,90 patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in our hospital emergency center were admitted into control group (30∶2 group) with 48 cases and observation group (CCV group) with 42 cases,with a before and after case-control study to compare the recovery effects [rate of spontaneous circulation restoration (ROCS),successful recovery rate,the ROCS time,withdraw machine time,and Glasgow coma scale(GCS) in successful recovery patients] and recovery of adveme events (fracture,skin lesions,hemopneumothorax,and visceral injury).Results With comparison between two groups,CCV group had shorter ROCS recovery time and withdraw machine time [(9.31±4.32) min vs (12.67±4.86) min,(32.07 t4.84) min vs (36.33 ± 3.37)min,P ＜0.05],higher rate of ROCS and successful recovery rate (42.9％ vs 22.9％,21.4％ vs 6.3％,P ＜ 0.05) than 30∶2 group;while both were no difference in Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in successful recovery patients (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of adverse events were not different in both (11.9％ vs 8.3％,P ＞0.05).Conclusions Mechanical continue chest compression ventilation (CCV) compared to interrupt pressure ventilation (30∶ 2) can effectively shorten the ROCS recovery time and withdraw machine time,improve the ROSC recovery rate and success rate of recovery,but failed to improve nerve functions.Two groups have a lower incidence of adverse events,which is safe to use.

Objective To explore the time-related expressions of TGF-?1mRNA during the healing process of rat skin wounds. Method Using the method of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reac-tion (RT-PCR) on intra-vital rat skin incised wounds (0.5h, 1h, 3h, 6h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 168h after incision) and postmortem rat skin incised wounds (0.5h, 1h, 3h after incision) to detect the dynamics of expression Ievel of TGF-?1mRNA. The strength of the expression of TGF-?1mRNA in scanned image was using ID-Advanced software. Results The results of RT-PCR showed that TGF-?1mRNA Ievel increased at 0.5h after incision and elevated significantly after 3h. The peak of TGF-?1mRNA occurred at 48h. There was no obvious expression of TGF-?1mRNA in postmortem incised wounds. Conclusion The characteristics of the TGF-?1mRNA expression were potentially indicative for the wound aging. RT-PCR was a sensitive method for detection of the expression of cytokines in genic level.

Bile dut injury (BDI) is one of the severe complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).The classification,diagnosis and treatment of the BDI caused by LC are partly controversial.The most efficient classification of the BDI is Strasberg-Bismuth's classification and the three modes and four classes developed by the Biliary Surgery Group of Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association.Although the success rate of intraoperative diagnosis for the BDI is very low,in most cases,the BDI is diagnosed by clinical manifestations and assistant examinations.Accurate classification and early diagnosis could help us to make a specific one for each patient according to certain situation.In this review,we focus on the classification,diagnosis and treatment of the BDI caused by LC.