Objective: To study the relation of condylar morphology with different vertical facial types in the development of patients with skeletal Ⅲ malocclusions. Methods:180 cases with skeletal Ⅲ malocclusion were divided into children(5-11 years old), adolescence(12-17 years old) and adult(18-30 years old) groups with 60 cases in each group. Orthopantomograms of the patients with different vertical facial types were retrospectively investigated by computerized cephalometric analysis. Condylar morphology were compared among different age groups of the same vertical facial type. Results:In patients with high angle, ramus height(RH) was getting bigger with ageing(P0.05). In patients with low angle h and RH in adult group were bigger than those in adolescence or in children(P

Microdialysis, a technique for sampling the biochemical substances of extracellular fluid in vivo, has been widely utilized for physiological, pharmacological and pathological research. The principles and methodology of microdialysis and its applications in neurointensive care was reviewed.

Objective To study the relationship between neural apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2,Bax proteins in the perihematomal brain tissue of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).Methods The rate of neural apoptosis of perihematomal brain tissue was examined by TUNEL method and the Bcl-2,Bax proteins expression were detected by immunohistochemisty method. Correlation analysis was done not only for the expression of Bcl-2,Bax proteins and apoptosis rate with hematoma volume but also for the apoptosis rate with hematoma volume, the scores of clinical nervous impairment and the course of disease.Results The apoptosis rate and the expression of Bcl-2,Bax proteins in the perihematomal brain tissue of ICH patients significantly increased in comparison with the control group (all P

OBJECTIVE: To sum up the advantages and disadvantages as well as application prospects of several kinds of new devices in airway management, including the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), esophageal-tracheal combitubes (ETC),fribreoptic stylet laryngoscope (FOS), video Macintosh intubating laryngoscope system (VMS) and GlideScope(R) videolaryngoscope(GSVL).DATA SOURCES: Using the terms "airway management", we searched Medline for airway management device-related articles, which were published during January 1990 to February 2006 in English.STUDY SELECTION: The materials were firstly selected. Successful rate of intubation, intubation-related complications and incidence in studying tracheal intubation with LMA, ETC, FOS, VMS and GSVL were chosen. Inclusive .criteria: ① Randomized and controlled study of adult cases. ② Clinical studies or case report. ③ Including the studies of general airway or difficult airway. Exclusive criteria: ① Study of intubation in children. ② Repetitive study.DATA EXTRACTION: Eighty-six articles about tracheal intubation with LMA, ETC, FOS, VMS and GSVL were chosen, among which, 36 were included in this study, and 50 were excluded due to study on intubation in children or repetitive study.DATA SYNTHESIS: Correct placement does not affect vocal cord movement, so patients may vocalize while an LMA is in place. Its successful rate is over 90%. Its most attractive advantages are increased speed and ease of placement by both inexperienced personal and experienced anesthesiologists, low frequency of cough and low incidence. The esophageal tracheal combrtube is a supraglottic airway device that functions as an effective alternative to ventilization via mask and tracheal intubation in both the esophageal and tracheal position. It is successful when emergency occurs, but it is only suitable for adults. The flexibility of FOS allows for intubation of patients, without the need for head and neck manipulation. The main disadvantages of FOS are their limited field of view and the high cost of purchase and maintenance. Observation and manipulation in using VMS can be performed in one axis. GSVL provides a clear view of larynx on the monitor instead of directly viewed by the operator.CONCLUSION: These new devices of airway management can relatively decrease the intubation difficulty, increase the successful rate and lead to lower complication incidence. The skills of these new airway management devices should be included in the modern anesthesia residency program.

Fluorocarbon emulsion, a substitute of blood, 20 ml/kg were injected once into dogs intravenously. As a result, part of the substitute deposited in the lympho-retic-ular system and was phagocytized by fixed and free histiocytes (rnonophagocytic system), and the histiocytes then converted into foaming cells.One month after injection, the fluorocarbon's deposits in the foaming cells remained at the peak level in the liver, spleen and other organs of the lympho-reti-cuJar system. After six months,no deposits could be found in all viscera and no signs of any pathological changes, except the spleen under a light microscope.After twelve months, no foaming cells were found in the spleen, liver, and kidney under light cmicroscope,yet but foaming cells could be found in the spleen and liver with the help of an electron microscope and we believed that this sign had no pathological significance in clinic practice.The target cells only showed the action of phagocitizing and depositing.According to our observation, the fluorocarbon emulsion is a non cytoplasmic toxin and an inert biologic substance, so there are no secondary histo-pathologic changes caused by fluorocarbon deposition. It seems that 20 ml/kg of fluorocarbon emulsion (equal to 1200 ml for adult human)injected intravenously is rather safe.

Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the pathogenesis of hemorrhoidal diseases. However, the etiology and mechanisms of hemorrhoids are far from clear, and as a consequence the present therapeutic objective is just to relieve or abolish the symptoms of hemorrhoids. In this review, the recent research advances on the pathophysiological characteristics that are closely associated with hemorrhoids are analyzed and discussed, which include constipation, high anal resting pressure, anal mucosa damage, aging of the anal cushion supporting tissue, blood and vessel alterations, obstruction of microcirculation and biochemical changes.

Objective; To elucidate the mechanism of the role of ER-a in fat metabolism by regulating the expression of ER-a in SD rats marrow mesenchymal stem cells during differentiating into adipocytes in vitro. Methods ;SD rats marrow mesenchymal stem cells were separated and cultivated. The ER-a was transfected into the rBMSCs in group one. Tamoxifen Citrate was used to restrain the expression of ER-a in group two, the group without any treatment was used as control. Western blot was used to identify the difference of ER-a expression among different groups and Oil-Red-0 staining was employed to identify the adipocytes in vitro. Results; There was significant difference between the number of lipids and different groups (P <0. 01) ,the number of lipid droplet changed concomitantly with ER-a: Low-expression ER-a group > Control group > High-expression ER-a group. Conclusion; ER-a in SD rats marrow mesenchymal stem cells may restrain the adipocyte differentiation.

It is a consensus to place stent after cutting bile duct in the hepatobiliary surgery in the past.However,as the development of bile physiological research and surgical technique,especially the raise of medical concepts of rapid recovery,the negative effects which are caused by the placement of stent have been taken seriously gradually.Up to now,whether the stent should be placed after the bile duct is cut has no definite answer yet.

With advancements in the field of cancer stem cells,the hypothesis that colon cancer originates from stem cells has not only been introduced but also receives substantial supports by separating a subpopulation of colon cancer cells through primitive cells markers.Unlike most non-tumourigenasis colon cancer cells,these tumor-initiating cells have many specific characters both in vitro and in vivo.An improved understanding of drug resistance based on cancer stem cells and molecular pathways that regulate proliferation and differentiation of gastrointestinal cancer stem cells could doubtless translate into new therapeutic strategies.

Sunitinib malate (SU11248 ,Sutent) is an orally available small-molecule multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has potent anti-angiogenic and antitumour activities.In 2006 sunitinib was approved by FDA for imatinib intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) patients or imatinib resistant GIST patients.This article review the molecular-based mechanism,the mechanism of resistance,the biomarker,the clinical trials and the adverse effects of sunitinib in the treatment of imatinib-resistant GIST.