OBJECTIVE To study clinical application technique of skin soft tissue expansion in auricular reconstruction.METHODS 502 patients (517 ears)were selected for skin soft tissue expansion. Skin expander was implanted and liquid injected routinely to expand skin to obtain excessive skin for auricular reconstruction.RESULTS Of 502 patients (517 ears),10 patients(10 ears) had complicated skin hematoma formation which had been cleaned out successfully;12 patients(12 ears) had complicated skin expander uncover,skin expander was taken out and reposted 4 months later in 7 patients(7 ears) without affecting opertative effect;No infection was found and all patients obtain satisfactory effect. CONCLUSION Skillful and normative operation is the key for preventing complication.Fibre layer must be got rid of during operation.Skin expander auricular reconstruction has the advantage of obvious concave and protruding figure as well as satisfactory cubical sense.It is the perfect method for treating ear malformation at present.

Objective To study the effect of schistosomiasis transmission interruption model based on intensive agriculture in hilly endemic areas,so as to provide the reference for the similar endemic areas. Methods Based on the development of in-tensive agriculture in Guanghan City,a comprehensive demonstration area of schistosomiasis control with measures such as new rural construction,hardening ditches,the adjustment of industrial structure and water remediation measures was constructed. Ji-nhua,Shiguan and Hongyan villages were chosen as the evaluation sites to comparatively analyze the indexes of intensive agri-culture and schistosomiasis control effects. Results Compared with the demonstration area before construction,in 2014,the harden rates of ditches and village roads were increased by 49.57％and 39.33％respectively;and the proportion of agricultural machinery increased by 25％. The positive rate of serological tests of schistosomiasis was decreased by 81.74％. The Oncomela-nia hupensis snail area was decreased from 2.44 hm2(2007)to 0(2014). The awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowl-edge and correct behavior rate of the residents were increased from 51.28％ and 90.85％ to 91.29％ and 97.69％ respectively. The experience of the demonstration area ensured the entire Guanghan District achieved the schistosomiasis transmission inter-ruption criterion at the end of 2014. Conclusions The schistosomiasis control model of intensive agriculture combined with oth-er comprehensive measures has a good effect on interrupting the endemic of schistosomiasis,and it can realize the sustainable development of the agricultural economy and schistosomiasis control.

Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with U75302,antagonist of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1),on cisplatin induced acute kidney injury in mice and its immunoregulatory mechanism.Methods Healthy C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four subgroups:1.healthy control group;2.cisplatin group;3.U75302 control group;4.cisplatin + U75302 group,n=6.Group 2 and 4 received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) on day 0,group 3 and 4received intraperitoneal injection of U75302 (5 μg/mouse) on day 0 and day 2.Mice were sacrificed on the 3rd day and blood and kidney were collected.Renal function and histological changes were estimated,the infiltration of immune cells were determined by flow cytometry,the level of peroxidase (MPO) in kidney were determined by colorimetry,relative expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,CXCL1,CXCL2 were detected by Real-time PCR.Results Compared with healthy control group,levels of BUN,Scr were higher in cisplatin group with serious tubular structural damage.There were more neutrophils,macrophages,CD4+ T lymphocytes,CD8+ T lymphocytes in kidneys of cisplatin group,the level of MPO and relative expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,CXCL1,CXCL2 were also higher in cisplatin group.Compared with cisplatin group,lower BUN [(17.75±1.80) mmol/L vs (42.6±6.66) mmol/L,P ＜0.05],Scr were found in cisplatin+ U75302 group with less tubular structural damage.Meanwhile,U75302 reduced infiltration of neutrophils [(146±13)×103/g vs (296±66) ×103/g,P ＜ 0.05],macrophages [(245± 13)× 103/g vs (420±78)× 103/g,P ＜ 0.05] in the kidney.Levels of MPO [(1.756±0.283) U/g vs (3.308±0.577) U/g,P＜0.05] and relative expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,CXCL1,CXCL2 were also lower.Conclusions BLT1 antagonist U75302 protects mice against AKI induced by cisplatin,and the mechanism is associated with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells in kidney and the inhibition of kidney inflammation.

Deflazacort (DFZ, a prodrug) is well absorbed and rapidly metabolized into the active metabolite 21-hydroxydeflazacort (21-OH DFZ) after oral administration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single and multiple oral administration of DFZ tablets under fed condition. Twelve volunteers (six males and six females) were administered a single dose of 6 mg or 12 mg or 24 mg of DFZ in three different periods separately, according to the 3 x 3 Latin square design. Between each administration period there was a washout period of one week. The multiple-dose study of 12 mg dose DFZ per day for 7 consecutive days was started after a 1 w washout period when the single-dose study completed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 21-OH DFZ after the single oral administration of 6 mg, 12 mg and 24 mg DFZ tablets were as follows: (37.7 +/- 11.6), (61.5 +/- 17.7) and (123 +/- 23) ng x mL(-1) for C(max); (1.90 +/- 0.32), (1.96 +/- 0.27) and (2.13 +/- 0.34) h for t1/2; (96.6 +/- 25.9), (190 +/- 44) and (422 +/- 107) ng x h x mL(-1) for AUC(0-14 h), respectively. After the multiple dose administration, the mean plasma concentration at steady-state C(av) was (7.00 +/- 1.66) ng x mL(-1) and the degree of plasma concentration fluctuation DF was 7.7 +/- 1.2. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers were linear over the dose range of 6 to 24 mg. No significant gender differences were found in the pharmacokinetics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers. After the multiple dose administration of 12 mg DFZ for 7 d, no accumulation of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers was observed.
Administration, Oral ; Area Under Curve ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnenediones ; pharmacokinetics ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo explore the repair of Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction (XSLJZD) on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and gap junction (GJ) in the gastric muscular layer of rats of Pi-qi deficiency syn- drome (PQDS).

METHODSPQDS was established using purgative method with bitter and cold drugs in 30 healthy Wistar rats. After successful modeling they were randomly divided into the treatment group and the model group, 15 in each group. Another 15 healthy Wistar rats were recruited as the healthy control group. Rats in the treatment group were gastric administered with XSLJZD at 2 mL/100 g body weight, once daily for 14 successive days. Equal volume of normal saline was gastrically administered to those in the healthy control group and the model group. The gastric muscle tissues were taken out before modeling, before intervention, and after intervention, respectively. Ultrastructural changes of ICC and GJ were observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The number and distribution of Connexin43 (Cx43) were detected using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSResults of TEM indicated that compared with the healthy control group, both ICC and GJ in the model group showed obvious injury. ICC and GJ were apparently repaired after intervention in the treatment group. Compared with the same group before modeling, the integrated optical density (IOD) of the Cx43 expression significantly decreased in the model group before and after intervention (P <0.05). Compared with before intervention, the IOD of the Cx43 expression significantly increased in the treatment group (P <0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the IOD of the Cx43 expression significantly decreased in the model group before and after intervention (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the IOD of the Cx43 expression significantly increased in the treatment group (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUltrastructures of ICC and GJ in the gastric muscular layer of rats of PQDS were obviously damaged. XSLJZD could repair the structural damage of ICC and GJ in the gastric muscle tissues of rats of PQDS.

Animals ; Connexin 43 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gap Junctions ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; drug effects ; Leydig Cells ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Qi ; Rats, Wistar ; Syndrome

The stable and controllable quality of decoction pieces is an important factor to ensure the efficacy of clinical medicine. Considering the dilemma that the existing standardization of processing mode cannot effectively eliminate the variability of quality raw ingredients, and ensure the stability between different batches, we first propose a new strategy for Chinese medicine processing technologies that coupled with individuation processed and cybernetics. In order to explain this thinking, an individual study case about different grades aconite is provided. We hope this strategy could better serve for clinical medicine, and promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese medicine processing skills and theories.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards ; Cybernetics ; standards ; Drug Therapy ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; toxicity ; Humans ; Quality Control

This paper has briefly introduced the definition, classification, harms, sources and control of particles, lists the particle evaluation method of coronary stents. And the development trend of particle evaluation method of coronary stents is also analyzed.
Biocompatible Materials ; adverse effects ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Coronary Artery Disease ; therapy ; Humans ; Particle Size ; Stents

To explore the relationship between microecological environment and Paeonia lactiflora the effects of growth years of P. lactillora on rhizosphere bacterial communities were studied by PCR-DGGE and the paeoniflorin content determined by HPLC. Results showed that the soil pH increased with growing years of P. lactillora. In the fourth year, soil pH and enzyme activity reached the highest level, while organic matter content was the lowest. The bacterial diversity had a positive correlation with growing years varied from 3.38 to 3.61. Sequencing results demonstrated that Gammaproteobacteria, llphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacte- ria and Firmicutes were predominant bacteria kinds in the soil of P. lactillora. Gammaproteobacteria was only detected in the bulk soil, while llphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria G1l, Actinobacteria were only in the rhizosphere soil and the bacterial community among different growing years were similar except few species. HLPC results showed that paeoniflorin content was 3.26%, 3.30%, 3.36%, 3.41% separately from one to four-year-old P. lactiflora with an upward trend. The correlation analysis indicated that the paeoniflorin content had a positive correlation with soil pH and bacterial diversity, conversely, had a negative correlation with organic matter con- tent. During the growth years the rhizosphere bacterial diversity increased without changes of predominant bacteria and the paeoniflorin content increased without significant differences while its production increased significantly, which was different from the plants showing replanting diseases. This is in line with the farming practice choosing 4-year-old P. lactllora, but not the 1-3 year old one. In addition, the accumulation of paeoniflorin is closely related to soil pH, organic matter content and bacteria diversity, confirming that the geoherblism of P. lactiflora is closely related with microbial environment in the soil.
Bacteria ; classification ; Biodiversity ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Monoterpenes ; metabolism ; Paeonia ; growth & development ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Rhizosphere ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Temperature

To reveal the effect of rotation cropping and bacterial manure on the growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium and screen the beneficial endophytic, the diversity of endophytic and dominant genera of different treatment groups were analyzed. Four different treatments were continuous cropping, rotation, self-made organic fertilizer and commercially available fertilizer, respectively. Endophytic bacterial diversity and dominant genera in different organs were examined using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). The results showed that enzyme Hae III was more appropriate than enzyme Hinfl because the number of TRFs digested by enzyme Hae III was more than that of enzyme Hinfl. In comparison of diversity, the endophytic bacterial communities' diversity index in group of cropping rotation and fertilizer was higher than that of continuous cropping which indicated that the addition of exogenous microorganism in soil could increase the diversity of plant endophyte. 18 dominant species were selected, including 3 kinds of Firmicutes, 4 kinds of Actinomycetes and 11 kinds of Proteobacteria. The results of dominant species comparison showed that the number of dominant species in continuous cropping of Ch. morifolium was significantly less than that of the rotation group. Some dominant bacteria in rotation group and fertilizer group such as Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Streptomyces, Flavobacterium and Mycobacterium were not found in the continuous cropping of Ch. mortfolium group. Dominant species of fertilizer treatment group was similar with the rotation group, and the continuous cropping group's dominant species was more abundant. It indicates that these bacteria may be able to mitigate hindrance in continuous cropping, especially the Flavobacterium which can decompose the pathogenic fungi is worthy of further attention. Compared with leaves, there are more dominant species in roots and stems. The diversity of edophytic bacterial communities in continuous cropping of Ch. morifolium stays below than that in the rotation of Ch. morifolium, and fertilizer treatment can increase the diversity of continuous cropping so that it could mitigate hindrance in continuous cropping.
Actinobacteria ; physiology ; Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Chrysanthemum ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; Endophytes ; Fertilizers ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Roots ; microbiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Proteobacteria ; physiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; chemistry ; genetics ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology

To explore the mechanism of soil microbial ecology, the differences of fungal diversities in rhizosphere of different provenances of Fritillaria thunbergii were analyzed. The diversities and compositions of rhizo-fungi of the samples were analyzed by using DGGE and 454 pyrosequencing. DGGE results showed the Shannon index of Ninbo provenance planted in Ninbo was the highest one. And its dominant fungi were Ascomycota, Deuteromycota and Zygomycota. Except the same fungi, every provenance planted in Ninbo had its own special ones. From the 454 pyrosequencing, the fungal diversity in Panan producing was the highest which was similar with DGGE result. Among the ten phylum detected in its rhizosoil, Fungi_incertae_sedis, Ascomycota, Mucoromycotina, Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota almost amounted to 90% of the whole community. The fungal types and amounts in Panan were more than those in Ninbo indicating the differences between producing areas and the advantage of macro genome sequencing. There were 10 phyla, 29 families, 28 genus and 159 species of fungi in Panan provenance, 6 phyla, 20 families, 19 genus, 136 species in Ninbo provenance, 8 phyla, 37 families, 47 genus, 289 species in Nantong provenance and 7 phyla, 25 families, 24 genus, 102 species in the bulk soil. Some genus such as Dothidea, Capnobotryella and Conidiobolus were only existed in Nantong provenance, while Pyrenochae- ta, Glomus and Pseudonectria were only in Panan provenance, which implied these species could grew because F. thunbergii influenced the existence of fungi. Experiments of provenance and producing area of F. thunbergii showed that the fungal diversity of indigenous provenance was higher than that of exotic provenance and each provenance had unique fungal species in the rhizosphere, which indicated that the diversity and structure was shaped cooperatively by the species and soil type. These fungal species are interacted with the soil-rhizhosphere-microbe microecological system, which in turn influence the growth of F. thunbergii.
Ecosystem ; Fritillaria ; genetics ; microbiology ; Fungi ; genetics ; Rhizosphere ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Species Specificity