Objective To investigate the adjustment methods and evaluation for children after cochlear implantation. Methods 6 children after artificial cochlear implantation were debugged by subjective psychological physical test, objective methods such as electricity induced composite action potential (ECAP), electrically evoked stapedius reflex threshold (ESRT) and electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR). Results All the children got satisfied data. Conclusion For the children after cochlear implantation, objective methods such as ECAP, ESRT, EABR combined with subjective psychological physical test all together are helpful to obtain accurate threshold.

Objective To learn the current status of health literacy of residents in Wenling City, and to explore the relationship between health literacy and socioeconomic status. Methods A total of 3200 residents aged 15-69 years old from 6 townships were selected by stratified multi-stage random sampling method and probability proportionate to size sampling (PPS) method, and a questionnaire surveyed was conducted. Results Totally 3189 questionnaires were effective and the overall level of health literacy of residents was 19.79％ (631/3189) . The percentages of residents who had the basic health knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior, health related skills were 23.27％、 24.21％ and 23.83％, respectively. About 55.47％ of residents had the literacy of safety and first-aid, which was the highest, followed by 38.66％ with scientific health belief, 32.77％ with literacy for disease prevention, 26.12％ with health information, 14.14％ with primary medical care and 7.49％ with the literacy for chronic disease prevention. Logistic regression model showed that the health literacy level with institutions class was 2.25 times of manual workers class, and the health literacy level of people have bachelor degree or above was 6.93 times less literate or illiterate, and the health literacy level of family income of 200 thousand Yuan and above was 7.70 times of 0～50 thousand Yuan. The health literacy were different among different socioeconomic status residents (P<0.01) . Conclusion There are obvious gaps in health literacy among different socioeconomic status groups. Health education should be strengthened among residents, especially among the manual workers class, low education class and low income class.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the bone-implant interfaces of two kinds of implants with different surfaces in different time in vivo.

METHODSCDIC and ITI-TPS solid-screw cylinder pure titanium implants were selected and implanted in the regions of posterior molars of rhesus monkeys. 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 1 year after surgery, the bone-implant interfaces were evaluated respectively through oral examination, X-ray inspection, light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation.

RESULTSNone of the implants was loose. Soft tissue around implants appeared no inflammation. There were no apparent transparent shadow around the implants interfaces in X-ray photos except little angle-shaped absorption was showed in neck region of CDIC implants of one-month. New bone was observed around implants of one-month through light microscope and SEM. More bone growing around ITI implants were seen than that around CDIC implants except the interfaces of one-year.

CONCLUSIONThe osseointegration of ITI implants are better than that of CDIC implants during three months after implanting without loading. The bone formation at the interfaces of ITI and CDIC implants has no significant difference after one year without loading.

Animals ; Dental Implants ; Macaca mulatta ; Molar ; Osseointegration ; Titanium

OBJECTIVEIt is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae.

METHODSThe key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L(9)(3)(4)], including the ratio of buffer solution (Na(2)B(4)O(7)·10H(2)O) to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample.

RESULTSThe maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 (mg/g) after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na(2)B(4)O(7)·10H(2)O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 (g/mL), and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCl-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts.

CONCLUSIONThis work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.

Antiviral Agents ; isolation & purification ; standards ; China ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards

OBJECTIVETo develop the mechanism of improving protection function of prepared Cornus officinalis for liver and kidney and the biological activity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF).

METHODPharmacological and chemical studies were used to choose active part. A compound from active part was separated and appraised. To investigate his biological functions, pharmacological experiment was actualized.

RESULTA component was separated and identified. His is 5-HMF. 5-HMF can protect human vein epidermal cell against H2O2 and glucose and inprove acute liver injury in mice.

CONCLUSION5-HMF is the active component in prepared Cornus officinalis and substance basis for protecting liver and kidney.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cornus ; chemistry ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Female ; Furaldehyde ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of Shengli capsules on the sexual ability of normal and castrated male rats.

METHODSShengli capsules were given by intragastric administration to 100 experimental male rats at different doses of 0.35, 0.70 and 1.40 g / kg. Data were collected and analyzed, including capture latency period, times of capture, sexual endurance and times of ejaculation, to assess the effects of Shengli capsules on the sexual ability of the rats. The Castrated Animal Impotence Model was employed to determine the erectile latency period and the function parameters of the preputial gland, seminal vesicle and prostate, so as to test the effects of Shengli on the development of the rats'sexual organs.

RESULTSShengli was proved to be effective in shortening copulation latency in the dose groups of 0.35, 0.70 and 1.40 g / kg (P < 0.01), increasing significantly the frequency of capture in the high- and low-dose groups of 0.35 and 1.40 g / kg (P < 0.05), reducing the latency period to erection in the low-dose group of 0.35 g / kg, and blocking the shrink of the seminal vesicle and prostate in the medium-dose group of 0.70 g / kg.

CONCLUSIONShengli is significantly effective in enhancing the sexual ability of male rats: it can boost libido, increase erection frequency and improve sexual performance. However, further studies have yet to be done on its action mechanisms.

Animals ; Capsules ; Copulation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Ovariectomy ; Penile Erection ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; drug effects

Objective： The current study was designed to investigate the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor KDR (VEGFR) in gastric adenocarcinoma and its clinicopathologic significance. Methods： Expression of VEGF/VEGFR in gastric adenocarcinoma was determined by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between VEGF/VEGFR expression and the pathological features in 61 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed. Results： The positive VEGF/VEGFR expression were detected in 34(55.9％ ) and 24 (39.3％ ) tumor samples respectively. The expressions of VEGF/VEGFR in mucous adenocarcinoma(71.4％ /42.8％ )and in tubular adenocarcinoma(61.9％ /52.4％ ) were obviously higher than those of the other three classes of gastric adenocarcinoma(P< 0.05,P< 0.01). VEGF/VEGFR expression was significantly related to pathological TNM grade(P< 0.05,P< 0.01), and the positive rates of Grade Ⅳ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅱ and Ⅰ were 80.0％ /50.0％ ,68.2％ /45.5％ ,40.0％ /30.0％ and 36.8％ /31.6％ ,respectively. A strong correlation was found between VEGF/VEGFR expression and gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis(P< 0.05,P< 0.01). With regard to prognosis, VEGF positive tumors(66.7％ ) of under one year survival was significantly higher than that of over one year survival(52.2％). Conclusions: VEGF is a promote factor responsible for the induction of angiogenesis in gastric adenocarcinoma. VEGF/VEGFR positive expression may be a useful indicator for estimation of metastasis, pathological staging and prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma.

In this study, we prepared various matrices of hydrogel patches and studied their cross-linking mechanism by observing their rheological properties, which could provide theoretical basis and deep technical support for further industrial development of hydrogel patch. Rheology method was used to do the amplitude scanning and single-frequency scanning for various hydrogel matrix, under the condition of oscillation mode of the rheometer. Then the linear viscoelastic region, composite modulus value, as well as changes in slope with time of the composite modulus and phase angle of various hydrogel matrix were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the stability of matrix was mainly determined by hydrogel frame; only in acidic environment, the cross-linking reaction between cross-linker and hydrogel frame can occur; elasticity of matrix can be decreased by organic acid and the effect level was related to the ratio of the number of carboxyl and hydroxyl (-COO(-)/-OH) in adjusters: if the ratio was not equal, the higher -COO(-)/-OH in adjusters would be the less elasticity of matrix decreased; the cross-linking speed of matrix was determined by adjuster, the cross-linking speed of matrix contain different adjusters was ranged in following order: matrix containing tartaric acid > matrix containing lactic acid > matrix containing malic acid > matrix containing citric acid; the cross-linking speed of matrix was not uniform in the whole cross-linking process.
Citric Acid ; chemistry ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; chemistry ; Hydrogels ; chemistry ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Malates ; chemistry ; Rheology ; Tartrates ; chemistry ; Viscosity

OBJECTIVETo study the five-year postoperative effect of the ligation and resection of the deep penile vein for the patient of erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by penile venous leakage.

METHODSSixteen ED patients received deep penile vein ligation and resection. Observations of the penile erection had been recorded for 5 years after surgery.

RESULTSEight cases demonstrated erectile hypofunction after 18 months postoperatively and total ED after 21-30 months of which 6 were improved by chemotherapy, and 2 showed no improvement. Seven cases remained normal and 1 case get out of touch at the 24th month postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONSThe ligation and resection of the deep penile vein can be considered as an easy and effective method to treat patients of ED caused by penile venous leakage.

Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; surgery ; Ligation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; blood supply ; Postoperative Complications ; Veins ; surgery

PURPOSE: Cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)-expressing CD8+T cells have been known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying the loss of self-tolerance remain unclear. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the development of homeostasis in the immune system. We, therefore, hypothesized that a reduced ability of Tregs to inhibit autologous CD8+CLA+T cells might be underlying mechanism in AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CD8+CLA+T cells and Tregs were obtained from the peripheral blood of AD patients and control volunteers. The frequencies of CD8+CLA+T cells were evaluated. The proliferative responses of CD8+CLA+T cells were assessed by flow cytometry, and the levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in culture supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Our results revealed higher frequency and increased expression of perforin and granzyme-B in peripheral CD8+CLA+T cells in AD, and lower inhibitory ability of Tregs on proliferation of CD8+CLA+T cells in AD. Meanwhile, the levels of TGF-beta1 produced by Tregs were significantly lower in AD, and anti-TGF-beta1 abolished such suppression. CONCLUSION: The attenuated inhibitory ability of Tregs on hyper-activated autologous CD8+CLA+T cells, mediated by TGF-beta1, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Adult ; Aged ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; Dermatitis, Atopic/*immunology/pathology ; Female ; Granzymes/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Perforin/metabolism ; Skin/*immunology/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects/*immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology