Objective To investigate the fulfillment of improved water measures for endemic fluomsis and to find out the trend of prevalence in Qinghai Province in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for the government to formulate control strategies for endemic fluorosis.Methods Usage and management of reforming water facilities in Huzhu County were generally surveyed.Yanya Village,Caijiabu Town,Huzhu County was chosen as the surveillance spot.The household drinking water was surveyed.The dental fluorosis and urine fluoride content of children aged 8-12 years and adult above 16 years were examined.Skeletal fluorosis of adult was checked.The fluomsis content in drinking water and urine was determined with F-ion selective electrode method.The dental fluowsis was examined with Dean index.Skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to eountry standard(GB 16396-1996.WS 192-1999).Results The rate of water-improving was 60%(36/60)in Huzhu County.The mean of fluoride content in drinking water Was 1.25 mg/L The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years was 90.20%(46/51);that of adult was 88.89%(48/54).The dental fluorosis index of children was 1.77,that of adult was 2.95.The prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis was 98.15% indicated by clinical data,18.87% by X-ray.The ufine fluorosis content of children was 2.27 mg/L,that of adult was 2.00 mg/L.Conclusion The disease condition of endemic fluorosis in Qinshai is serious,defluofidation is slow in effect.

Adult ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis

Effects of Chinese medicine on collateral circulation of coronary artery were reviewed, especially its regulatory effect through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF).
Animals ; Collateral Circulation ; physiology ; Coronary Artery Disease ; physiopathology ; Coronary Circulation ; physiology ; Coronary Vessels ; physiopathology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research Design ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the numbers of chromosome in Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza from 7 provinces in China, and S. flava as well as S. evansiana from Yunnan province in China.

METHODThe young root was treated with the mixture of ice and water for 24 h, fixed with Carony's fixative for 6-12 h. After differentiating for 10-12 min with 1 mol x L(-1) hydrochloric acid at 60 'C and staining with carbol fuchsin,the section was observed under microscope.

RESULTChromosome numbers of S. miltiorrhiza and S.flava were 2n = 2x = 16. The numbers of S. evansiana were 2n = 4x = 32. The basic numbers of the chromosomes were x = 8. And tetraploids were observed in S. miltiorrhiza from Sichuan provices and Shandong provices.

CONCLUSIONThe basic number of the chromosomes are x = 8. The chromosome numbers of S. miltiorrhiza, S.flava and S. evansiana are 16,16 and 32 respectively. As the chromosomes are the small or micro-small ones, it is difficult to use them for karyotype.

Chromosomes, Plant ; genetics ; Diploidy ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polyploidy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; classification ; genetics ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of methylprednisolone (MP) on cellular component in donor graft and on H-2 haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in mice.

METHODSA murine model of H-2 haploidentical HSCT was established by using of c57BL/6J male mouse as donor and (c57BL/6J x LB/C) F1 female mouse as recipient. The donor mouse received peripheral-blood (PB) progenitor cells mobilization regimens consisted of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhGCSF) alone (control group) or combined with MP in dose of 2 mg/kg daily [small-dose (SD) group], 10 mg/kg daily [middle-dose (MD) group], and 50 mg/kg daily [large-dose (LD) group] respectively. Percentage of T cell subsets, DC1 (HLA-DR+CD11c+) and CD34+ cell in the grafts were detected by flow cytometry. Transplant rejection,severity of GVHD and survival time were observed.

RESULTSThe percentages of CD3+ T cell in donor grafts in the three groups were significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ T cells decreased more significantly than that of CD3+ CD8+ T cells, and CD4/CD8 ratios decreased significantly. The percentage of CD4+ CD25+ T cells increased significantly, the percentage of DC1( HLA-DR+CD11c+) decreased and the percentage of CD34+ cells increased in all the three groups than in control group. There were significant differences in the percentage of CD3+ T cells, CD3+ CD4+ T cells and CD34+ cells in donor grafts among SD group, MD group and LD group (P < 0.05). The engraftment rates in control, SD, MD and LD groups were 90%, 100%, 100% and 80% respectively. Severity of aGVHD in each study group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05). There were statistical differences among different dosage groups (P < 0.05). Survival time after transplantation in all study groups were significantly longer than that in control group (P < 0.05), and in MD group was significantly longer than in SD group and LD groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAddition of methylprednisolone to routine donor mice HSC mobilization regimen has a definite effect in alleviating aGVHD and prolonging survival time of mouse after H-2 haploidentical HSCT. With a suitable dosage addition of methylprednisolone to donor mice HSC mobilization regimen could avoid the increasing risk of graft rejection.

Animals ; Antigens, CD34 ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; prevention & control ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; administration & dosage ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px) in the induced sputum of silicosis patients, and to investigate the roles of SOD and GSH-Px in the development and progression of silicosis and the significance of measuring activities of SOD and GSH-Px in induced sputum among silicosis patients.

METHODSFifty hotel attendants were chosen as control group, 50 workers with more than one year of silica dust exposure as dust exposure group, 32 silica dust-exposed workers as observation subject group, and 52 silicosis patients as silicosis group. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in their induced sputum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the observation subject group and silicosis group had significantly decreased SOD activity (68.16 ± 30.17 and 66.38 ± 47.32 U/ml vs 75.81 ± 11.92 U/ml, P < 0.05); compared with the dust exposure group, the silicosis group had significantly decreased SOD activity (66.38 ± 47.32 U/ml vs 70.12 ± 14.31 U/ml, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group and dust exposure group, the observation subject group and silicosis group had significantly increased GSH-Px activity (268.21 ± 15.45 and 279.34 ± 29.26 U/ml vs 224.22 ± 12.64 and 236.41 ± 14.54 U/ml, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe SOD activity in dust exposure group and silicosis group decreased, but there were no significant differences between patients with different stages of silicosis. The GSH-Px activity in dust exposure group and silicosis group was significantly higher than that in control group, and there were significant differences between patients with different stages of silicosis. These suggest that the imbalance of oxidative/antioxidant systems is associated with the development and progression of silicosis.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Silicosis ; enzymology ; Sputum ; enzymology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the causes and explore the measures of prevention and treatment of the cerebrospinal leak after lumbar revision surgery.

METHODSThe clinical data of 24 patients(17.78%) with cerebrospinal leak among 135 cases after lumbar revision surgery from January 2011 to January 2016 was retrospectively studied. Of them, 12 cases due to severe adhesion caused by scar formation; 4 cases due to yellow ligament hyperplasia adhesion with dura mater occurred dural tears when separating adhesion; 2 cases with severe hyperplasia and ossification of lumbar posterior longitudinal ligament occurred dural tears when revealing intervertebral disk; 2 cases due to improper nailing happened dural tears during operation. And the other 4 cases without obvious dural tears in surgery, occurred cerebrospinal leak one to two days after surgery. And the 24 patients were treated with the measures of prevention and treatment preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.

RESULTSTwenty-four patients with cerebrospinal leak were cured after treatment and were follow-up for 6 to 30 months. No recurrence of cerebrospinal leake or local and systemic complications were found.

CONCLUSIONSScar formation is the main cause of cerebrospinal leak in lumbar revision surgery. As for lumbar revision surgery, as long as the standard control measures are taken, it can significantly reduce the incidence of cerebrospinal leak, achieve better clinical efficacy, and fundamentally solve the cerebrospinal leak problem that has plagued both doctors and patients for a long time.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the early outcome of vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) technique in treating early-onset scoliosis.

METHODSThis study recruited 11 early-onset scoliosis patients (8 boys and 3 girls) who received VEPTR treatment from December 2006 to July 2011 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The average age at initial surgery was (7 ± 3) years (range, 3.1 to 9.8 years). VEPTR device, either rib to rib or rib to lumbar, was implanted at initial surgery. During the regular post-operative follow-ups, expansion surgeries were scheduled at an interval of 6 to 12 months. Measurements of primary curve magnitude, apical vertebral translation, thoracic height and T(1)-S(1) height were performed on radiographs, and were compared between those of preoperatively, postoperatively, and at latest follow-up through paired-t tests.

RESULTSAll patients had a mean follow-up of (32 ± 11) months. Totally 41 surgeries were performed, averagely 3.7 surgeries per patient; and 30 expansion surgeries were carried out, averagely 2.7 surgeries per patient. The average interval for each expansion surgery was 8 months. From preoperatively to latest follow-up, the Cobb angle of primary curves was averagely corrected from 78° ± 18° to 55° ± 11° (t = 4.931, P < 0.05), and apical vertebral translation and thoracic kyphosis displayed slight improvement. Average thoracic height increased from (13.3 ± 2.0) cm to (17.2 ± 2.4) cm (t = 8.365, P < 0.001), and average T(1)-S(1) height from (24.4 ± 3.8) cm to (32.5 ± 5.3) cm (t = 9.080, P < 0.001). After initial surgery with VEPTR instrumented, gains in thoracic height and T(1)-S(1) height per expansion surgery averaged (0.8 ± 0.3) cm and (1.8 ± 0.4) cm, respectively. Eight complications occurred in 6 patients, including rib cradle dislodgements, displayed infection, intraoperative pleura rupture and loosening of lumbar pedicle screws.

CONCLUSIONSVEPTR technique proves to be an effective way of preventing curve progression in early-onset scoliosis patients while allowing growth of spine and chest. Yet, indications for such a technique need to be strictly selected because of the relatively high complication rate.

Age of Onset ; Bone Substitutes ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Ribs ; Scoliosis ; surgery ; Spine ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Titanium ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the incidence of thoracic curve decompensation or proximal adding-on phenomenon after anterior selective fusion of thoracolumbar or lumbar curve in Lenke type 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to identify its risk factors.

METHODSFrom June 2001 to December 2008, 130 Lenke type 5 AIS patients with a Cobb angle of 40° - 73° treated with anterior selective thoracolumbar or lumbar fusion, and with a minimum 2-year postoperative regular follow-up were recruited in this study. The average age, Cobb angle and Risser sign of all patients was 14.8 ± 1.6 years, 46° ± 6° of major thoracolumbar or lumbar curve (TL or L), 25° ± 7° of proximal thoracic curve and 0-5, respectively. The patients were grouped according to the relationship between the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) and the upper end vertebrae (UEV), the patients' Risser sign and the relationship between UIV and C(7) plumb line (C(7)PL). The radiographic data of the patients were compared between patients with and without proximal adding-on by using t test, and the incidence of proximal adding-on was analyzed in terms of determination of UIV and Risser sign to identify the risk factors of this phenomenon by using Fisher's exact test.

RESULTSEleven patients were identified with proximal adding-on, thus the incidence of it was 8.5%. At last follow-up postoperatively, the average Cobb angle of TL or L and proximal thoracic curve was 9° ± 4° and 11° ± 5°, respectively. Moreover, the incidence of adding-on in Rissex sign grade 0 to 1 (3/8) was higher than that of grade 2 to 3 (12.1%) and grade 4 to 5 (4.5%). In addition, the incidence of adding-on in UIV lower than UEV group (20.6%) was obviously higher than that of UIV higher than or equal to UEV group (4.2%). The incidence of adding-on for patients with C(7)PL falls away from UIV (19.5%) were obviously higher than that of patients with C(7)PL falls between the pedicle and lateral margin of UIV (3.6%) and between bilateral pedicles of UIV (3.0%). Each group showed significant difference for the incidence of adding-on by Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere exists the risk of proximal thoracic curve decompensation, with a not low rate, after anterior selective fusion for major TL or L curve AIS. The determination of UIV relative to UEV and the skeletal maturity of the patient are the two factors closely associated with the presence of such a phenomenon.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Scoliosis ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; adverse effects ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and mechanism of BSDW on the model of allergic rhinitis and the model of guinea pigs by histamine shocking in guinea pigs.

METHODUsing the model of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs caused by 10% TDI, we observed the effect of BSDW on physiological and pathological symptoms of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs, the effect of the levels of serum IgE and serum and nasal histamine. Using the model of guinea pigs by histamine shocking, we observed the effect of BSDW on physiological symptoms in guinea pigs.

RESULTBSDW significantly relieved the pathological symptoms of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs, alleviated the hyperplasia of columnar epithelium, decreased the number of monocyte and eosinocyte compared with the model group. It also reduced the levels of serum IgE, and decreased the release of serum and nasal histamine. BSDW significantly prolonged the occurent time of gasping, eclampsia and death caused by shock, reduced the times of gasping in the model of guinea pigs by histamine shocking.

CONCLUSIONBSDW has significant effect against allergy. The mechanism relates to its effects of decreasing the levels of serum IgE and inhibiting the release of serum and nasal histamine.

Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Anti-Allergic Agents ; pharmacology ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Histamine ; blood ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; immunology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; immunology ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate