Fox family transcription factors have crucial biology functions,including the regulation of proliferation,differentiation and tumorigenesis.Deregulation of Fox proteins expression may act as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors,the relevant researches have been paid more and more attentions.Here,this review focuses on the roles of Fox family genes in oncogenesis from the articles published recently.

OBJECTIVE: Injuries and pathological changes of hard tissue(bone, tooth,etc.) are common clinical affairs. If the injuries or pathological changes are too serious to be treated with medication, they should be repaired or replaced by hard tissue replacement implants. Researches of hard tissue replacement implants have become an important research direction in biomaterial field at present. This paper is aimed to summarize the type, mechanical feature and biological properties of human hard tissue replacement implants for the indication of the direction in its development.STUDY SOURCES: Time of the search was from January 1998 to July 2004. Search range: 30 types of periodicals from CNKI digital library (Chinese Periodical Full Text database) and Science Direct digital library. Search words were hard tissue replacement implants, artificial bone,artificial root of tooth, bioceramic, and biological coat, etc. Search methods included electronic search and manual search, etc.STUDY SELECTION: Totally 200 corresponding literatures on human hard tissue replacement implants were selected for analysing and summarizing.DATA EXTRACTION: To summarize the corresponding information in the obtained research articles regarding hard tissue replacement implant.DATA SYNTHESIS: To comparatively analyze the mechanical and biological properties of each hard tissue replacement implant as well as their effects in practical application. The existing hard tissue replacement implants including metal materials, macromolecular materials, ceramics and their composite materials have been widely applied in clinics; however, their mechanical and biological properties have not been perfectly combined.CONCLUSION: It is always a key point(key point in researches) in biomedical material academia to find a replacement implant, of which the mechanical and biological properties perfectly suitable for the human hard tissues. The new generation of hard tissue replacement implants established by the application of biomimetic process, nano-technology, composite materisls and tissue engineering could hopefully satisfy the increasingly elevated demand of human beings.

Objectlve To examine the metaphase Ⅱ spindle and chromosome configurations of human oocytes cultured for different times after thawing.MethodsUsing slow-cooling and raid-thawing protocol combined with 0.3 mol/L sucrose and 1.5 mol/L 1,2-propanedio 1(1,2-PROH)to cryoprotect human mature oocytes(n=102),the 64 survival oocytes without abnormal zona pellucida and cytoskeletal were randomly assigned to three groups after thawing:group A:culture 1 hour(n=20),group B:culture 3 hour(n=22),group C:culture 5 hours(n=22),the fresh oocytes served as control group(n=18).Immunocytochefifical staining and fluorescence microscopy were used to assess the morphology of the metaphase Ⅱ spindle and chromosome.Results(1)The normal spindle rates of groups A,B and C were 10％(2/20),46％(10/22)and 41％(9/22)respectively,significantly decreased compared with control group (83％,15/18;P＜0.05).The rates of absent spindle in group A(45％,9/20)was significantly higher than control group(6％,1/18;P＜0.01).Also,the rates of absent spindle in group A was higher than groups B (14％,3/20)and C(14％,3/20;P＜0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in groups B and C(P＞0.05).(2)A significant increase in abnormal chromosome rate was observed in group A(30％,6/20)compared to groups B(68％,15/22),C(64％,14/22)and control group(78％,14/18;P＜0.05).No differences in chromosome morphology were observed in groups B,C and control group(P＞0.05).Conclusions The cryoprotectant protocol leads to a deleterious effect on the organization of the meiotic spindle and chromosome at MⅡ stage.The 3-5 hours post-thawing incubation could permit restoration of the meiotic spindles and chromosome.

Objective To observe the incidence of residual gallbladder in patients undergone cholecystectomy through laparotomy (OC),mini-incision laparotomy cholecystectomy (MC) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC),and to explore the causes,diagnosis,prevention and treatment of residual gallbladder.Methods The clinical data of 241 patients undergone laparotomy cholecystectomy (OC group),231 patients undergone mini-incision laparotomy cholecystectomy (MC group) and 290 patients undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC group) were retrospectively analyzed,and the incidence of residual gallbladder was compared among the three groups.Results Residual gallbladder was found in 32 patients after the surgical procedures,with 4 in OC group (1.7%),13 in MC group (5.6%) and 15 in LC group (5.2%),respectively.Statistical analysis showed that the incidence of residual gallbladder was lower in OC group than in MC and LC group (P0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that severity of inflammation before the operation,operative methods and operator's experience were correlated with the incidence of residual gallbladder.All the 32 cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography,computed tomography (CT),magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).24 patients were cured with surgical procedure,and the symptoms disappeared during a follow-up period of 6 months to 9 years;other 8 cases were treated with conservative management and the results were unsatisfactory.The pathological examination showed no tumor or malignant change in the excised specimen.Conclusions Residual gallbladder is not a negligible complication of cholecystectomy.Effective control of inflammation of the gallbladder,selection of a proper time and procedure of operation,and the operation done by an experienced surgeon can reduce the incidence of residual gallbladder,and reoperation is the effective treatment for it.

Chemical characteristics of callosal neurons in the frontal and occipital cortex of Wistar rat were studied by means of combined method of HRP retrograde tracing andimmunocytochemistry of glutamate (Glu) and ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Glutamate containing callosal neurons were large or medium sized pyramidal cells and mainly localized in layers Ⅱ/Ⅲ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ. They tended to appear in clusters. GABA containing callosal neurons were also found. They were medium sized nonpyramidal cells with round, elliptic, or fusiform soma and were mostly localized in layers Ⅴ and Ⅵ. They also tended to appear in clusters. The percentage of GABA containing callosal neurons (about 8% and 10% in frontal and occipital cortex respectively)was much less than that of glutamate containing callosal neurons (about 17% and 29% in frontal and occipital cortex respectively). These results further confirmed that part of callosal cells used glutamate as an excitatory transmitter and firstly confirmed that some callosal neurons contained an inhibitory transmitter GABA morphologically. In view of the existence of GABA containing callosal neurons, it also suggested that at least in rat cerebral cortex,some GABA containing neurons had longer projections than local circuit neurons. According to the results of ours and other authors, we suggested that callosal system was the one that contained different kinds of neurotransmitters, and that diversification of the transmitters and their interaction in the callosal system was one of the neuroanatomical bases of the complicated and advanced functions of the callosal neurons.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

Objective To compare the effect between i-gel mask and SHPA mask in the airway management of general anesthesia.Methods Sixty patients of general anesthesia with ASA I or Ⅱ were randomly divided into two groups:i-gel mask group (30 cases) and SLIPA group(30 cases).After intubation and general anesthesia,fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used to detect and evaluate.The peak airway pressure,mean airway pressure,condition of the laryngeal mask intubation,time of intubation,time of extubation,time of recovery and the side effect occurrence of extubation were recorded.Results The time of anesthesia,time of operation,time of extubation,time of recovery,achievement ratio of first time,achievement ratio of second time,time of intubation,peak airway pressure and mean airway pressure had no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The airway seal pressure in i-gel mask group was significantly higher than that in SL1PA group [(29 + 6) cm H2O (1 c m H2O =0.098 kPa) vs.(23 ± 4) cm H2O] (P ＜ 0.05).For the grade of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in i-gel mask group,there was 27 patients in I grade,3 patients in Ⅱ grade.But in SL1PA group,there was 3 patients in I grade,4 patients in Ⅱ grade,13 patients in Ⅲ grade,10 patients in ⅣVgrade.There was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).There were none of regurgitation in two groups.Conclusions The i-gel mask and SLIPA mask can provide the same effective ventilation.The i-gel mask has higher airway seal pressure,less side effect during the intubation and extubation,and have better airway management of general anesthesia.

Fanconi Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Potassium ; therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin D ; therapeutic use

Bone Density ; Coronary Artery Disease ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; physiology ; Risk Factors ; Skin Diseases ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Vitamin D ; metabolism ; physiology

Objectvi e To investigate whether promoting gap junctions may contribute to the radiosensi-tivity in triple negative breast cancer( TNBC)cells.Methods HCC70(triple-negative),MCF-7(ER-posi-tive)or SK-BR3(HER2-positive )cells were transfected with pcDNA/5 -Cx43 expression plasmid using liposome 2000.The transfected cells were treated with various doses of radiation(0,5,10,15 Gy),and the level of Cx43 protein was determined by Western blot and the cell connectivity was determined by fluorescent tracer technique. Cell proliferation inhibition,clone formation ability and apoptosis were detected using MTT,clone formation assay, AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometer,respectively.Results The level of Cx43 protein signifi-cantly increased in HCC 70 -Cx43 ,MCF-7 -Cx43 and SK-BR3 -Cx43 cells.After transfection the cells were treated with various doses of radiation,level of Cx43protein was gradually enhanced in dose dependent fashion .The re-sults form fluorescent tracer technique showed that fluorescence intensity was gradually elevated with increase of radiation doses.Cell viability and clone formation ability were decreased gradually in dose dependent manner in HCC70-Cx43 ,MCF-7 -Cx43 and SK-BR3-Cx 43 cells.Unexpectedly,the inhibitive effect of proliferation ability and clone formation ability in HCC70 -Cx43 cell was higher than in MCF-7 -Cx43 and SK-BR3 -Cx43 cells under same conditions.The results from AnnexinV-FITC/PI and flow cytometer showed that apoptosis rate was enhanced gradually accompanying with increase of radiation doses.Conclu sion Enhancing the function of cell gap junc-tions promoted radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells,particularly in TNBC cells.Radiation can strengthen cell gap junctions in breast cancer cell and cytotoxicity of TNBC cell can be enhanced by both synergistic effects.