90% in 20 min and more higher than the control tablets or capsule. CONCLUSION: The optimum formulation suits to slightly soluble drugs with different o/w distribution coefficient.It can provide reference for application of the SMEDDS the practical cases.

Objective To investigate the changes of immune state and the impact on immunological rejection elicited by abdominal cavity bacterial infection after DA-Lewis rat liver transplantation.Methods Orthotopic liver transplant model was established by modified Kamada two-cuff technique.The animals were divided randomly into Group 1,isotonic Na chloride injected into abdominal cavity 3 days after operation;Group 2,mixed Bacillus coli liquid injected instead of saline;Group 3,immunosuppressive drug CsA administered routinely after operation(3 mg?kg-1?d-1).All the animals were sacrificed 7 days after infection.The blood and graft samples were collected for cell-subpopulation,mixed lymphocyte culture,IL-4,IFN-? mRNA detection and histological evaluation.Results Seven days after infection,the lympholeukocyte population,CD4/CD8(G1=1.753?0.181,G2=1.384?0.073,G3=0.997?0.025)and lympholeukocyte function(SI:G1=67.59?3.40,G2=37.14?0.90,G3=15.87?0.51)declined in Group 2 as compared with other groups and cellular differentiation drifted to Th2.There was significant difference between Group 2 and Group 1 or 3.Conclusion Abdominal cavity bacterial infection after rat liver transplantation will promote the differentiation of T cells into Th2,down-regulate CD4/CD8 ratio and immune function of lymphocytes and accordingly alleviate partly the acute rejection following liver transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the value of plasma soluble urokinase?type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR)and D?dimer for assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI). Methods A serial of 112 patients with traumatic brain injury admired to our hospital were divided into mild TBI (GCS score 13~15),moderate TBI(GCS score 9~12)and severe TBI(GCS score 3~8). The levels of plasma suPAR and D?dimer were monitored within 24 h after patient admission. Results The levels of suPAR and D?di?mer in TBI group were obviously higher than those in the control group(15.86±7.33 vs 2.79 ± 0.69,P<0.01;3.50 ± 2.78 vs 24 ± 0.15,P<0.01). The levels of suPAR and D?dimer in the severe TBI group were also obviously high?er than those in the moderate TBI group(P<0.05). Plasma suPAR levels and GCS score had significant negative correlation(r =- 0.854,P < 0.01). D?dimer levels and GCS score showed a negative correlation(r =- 0.738, P < 0.01). Plasma suPAR and D ? dimer was positively correlated(r = 0.753,P < 0.01). The area under the curve of D?dimer(AUC)was larger,0.854,95%CI 0.763~0.945;the AUC of suPAR was 0.801,95%CI 0.698~0.903. Conclusion Higher levels of suPAR and D?dimer in TBI patients is not only relevant to the injury sever?ity ,but also closely to the prognosis.

Objective To establish a rat model of peritoneal bacterial infection after liver transplantation.Methods To construct a dark Agouti rat-to-Lewis(DA-to-LEW) rat model of liver transplantation.Peritoneal bacterial infection in the rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial suspension.The liver function,blood gas,blood cell count and other indicators of the rat models were detected.Results There was a high mortality rate in rats with bacterial injection at day 5 after liver transplantation,therefore unfavorable for the following study.It waft better to inject the bacteria in an amount of 5×10~5 cfu/mL at day 3 after liver transplantation.The cumulative 7-day survival rate of those rats after infection reached up to 37.5%.The infection became increasingly severe,the general conditions were worsening,the rectal temperature was rising,the WBC count was increased,the pH was decreased,liver dysfunction was progressively increased,and metabolic acidosis occurred in the rats.Liver parenchymal damage was more pronounced than that of bile ductal injuries,and the rats died one after another at about 5 days after infection.Pathological examination of multiple organs showed that the main cause of death of the rats was liver damage,without accompanying lung and kidney damages.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that it is a successful method to establish a rat model of peritoneal bacterial infection after liver transplantation,and this model can be used in related experimental researches.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of fever burden in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.Methods A retrospective analysis of 355 TBI patients admitted to the emergency department and intensive care unit from November 2010 to October 2012 was performed,and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was followed-up 6 months after the injury.The patients were divided into two groups according to the GOS:good outcome group (4 to 5) and poor outcome group (1 to 3).Relevant clinical findings were studied by statistical description,logistic regression analysis,Spearman correlation analysis and ROC curve analysis.Results Fever burden level was continuously increased with the decrease of GOS from score 5 to 2,except for score 1 of GOS,which was corresponding to a significant lower fever burden.There were significant differences in age,pupil reactivity,Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and fever burden between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the good outcome group,the poor outcome group was featured with more advanced average age (P =0.000),poorer pupil reactivity (P =0.000),lower GCS score (P =0.000) and higher fever burden level (P =0.000).Univariate logistic regression analysis suggested that age,GCS,pupil reactivity and fever burden level (OR 1.166,95％ CI:1.117-1.217) were associatedwith poor outcome.The fever burden level and the other independent prognostic predictors as age,GCS and pupil reactivity were further included in the multivariate logistic regression model,and the adjusted OR of fever burden level was 1.098 (95％ CI:1.031-1.169,P =0.003).ROC curve analysis showed the respective AUC for fever burden was 0.713 (95％ CI:0.663-0.760).The relevant analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the fever burden and the GOS score (r =-0.376,95％ CI:-0.462--0.283,P =0.000).Conclusions Fever burden can be considered as an independent predictor of poor outcome of patients with TBI.The TBI patients with early onset of high levels of fever burden will have increased poor outcome risk.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of the MSCT liver perfusion imaging parameters inthe evaluation of the chronic hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Methods Liver CT perfusion ( CTP ) was performed in 107 participants,including 31 patients with mild hepatic fibrosis( S1,S2),34 patients with severe hepatic fibrosis ( S3,S4 ) and early stage of hepatic cirrhosis which conformed by liver pathologic biopsy,42 patients with hepatic cirrhosis who had typical clinical and image signs,and 30 healthy subjects as control group.The data of CTP ( HAP,PVP,LTP,HPI and TTP) at different stages were obtained with Body perfect CT-syngo CT2007A and control study with histopathologic stage.Compared the study index by the one-way ANOVA analysis. Used Spearman rank correlation to analysis the relationship between liver perfusion imaging parameters and the degrees of the chronic hepatic fibrosis. Used Logistic regression to analysis the maximum.regression coefficient among the liver perfusion imaging paraneters,which affected the histopathologic stage mostly.ResultsIn the subgroups of the chronic hepatic fibrosis S1,S2,S3,S4 to the hepatic cirrhosis,HAP values was (28.9 ±8.6),(24.6 ±2.4),(29.2 ±2.3) and (38.9 ± 7.0) ml · 100 ml -1 · min-1,respectively.HAP decreased firstly,then increased.Statistic analysis showed the difference of HAP between later-stage cirrhosis and other groups( F =40.26,P ＜ 0.01 ).PVP values of above subgroups was (111.3 ± 18.1),(92.9 ±5.3),(73.0 ±9.0) and (54.1 ± 13.8) ml · 100 ml-1 ·min -1,respectively.TLP values of above subgroups was ( 140.2 ± 25.9 ),( 117.1 ± 4.5 ),( 102.3 ± 8.7 )and (93.0 ± 11.8) ml · 100 ml-1.min-1,respectively.The difference of PVP,TL.P among each subgroup was significant ( F =136.79,67.40,respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ).HPI values of above subgroups was (20.4 ± 2.6)％,(21.0 ±2.1)％,(28.5 ±3.1)％ and (42.6± 11.1)％,respectively.TTP values of above subgroups was (123.7±22.2),(137.1 ±27.1),(145.0 ±28.6) and (166.5 ±25.1)s,respectively.The difference of HPI,TTP among each subgroup was significant( F =93.05,17.37,respectively; P ＜0.01 ).PVP,TLP was significant negative correlation with the degree of the hepatic fibrosis( r =-0.920,-0.846,respectively; P ＜0.01 ).HAP,HPI and TTP was significant positive correlation with the degree of the hepatic fibrosis( r =0.611,0.882 and 0.545,respectively; P ＜ 0.01 ).Logistic regression analysis showed the regression coefficient of PVP( - 8.798) was maximum.With an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PVP =84.76 ml · 100 ml- 1 · min- 1 as a diagnose critical point.The sensitivity was 0.890,the specificity was 0.950,and the accuracy was 0.931 in the prediction of the chronic hepatic fibrosis.Conclusions MSCT liver perfusion imaging parameters can reflect the hemodynamic changes of chronic hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.CTP may be helpful for differentiation the severe hepatic fibrosis and early stage of hepatic cirrhosis and later-stage cirrhosis.

Objective To observe the effect of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF)on apoptosis and matrix metabolism of rat intervertebral.disc cells cultured in vitro. Methods Culture system of rat intervertebral disc cells was established to culture the monolayer intervertebral disc cells in vitro.The well-grown intervertebral disc cells of the second generation were chosen and anti-Fas antibody was applied to induce their apoptosis.Then,VEGF at different concentrations ( 10,100,1 000 μg/L)were used to affect their apoptosis and metabolism.The apoptosis of the cells stained with Propidium Iodide (PI) was detected by using flow cytometry.The levels of hydroxyproline and proteoglycan in the culture medium were detected by using chloramines T method and DMB chromometry method,respectively.Results ( 1 ) The apoptotic ratio of the intervertebral disc cells affected by different concentrations of VEGF (10,100,1 000 μg/L) was (87.62 ±11.06)％,(53.30 ±9.23)％ and (16.75 ±4.21)％ respectively,with significant differences in comparison with the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).(2)The contents of hydroxyproline [ (6.71 ±0.33) μg/L,(9.12 ±0.41 ) μg/L,( 11.58 ±0.12) μg/L] and proteoglycan [ (23.21 ± 2.87) μg/L,( 32.45 ± 5.23 ) μg/L,(37.18 ± 3.22) μg/] in the culture medium raised with the increase of VEGF concentration ( 10,100,1 000 μg/L),with statistical differences compared with those of the control group (P ＜0.01 ).The contents of hydroxyproline and proteoglycan were positively correlated with the concentration of VEGF (ra=0.972,P＜0.01;rb =0.907,P＜0.01). Conclusion VEGF can inhibit the apoptosis of the rat intervertebral disc cells cultured in vitro and promote collagen and proteoglycan synthesis of the cell matrix.

Objective To explore the effects of high-dose ambroxol hydrochloride (Mucosolvan) on pulmonary protection and anti-inflammatory in traumatic brain injury patients treated by mild hypothermia.Methods From June 2008 to June 2012,40 elderly traumatic brain injury patients aged 60-70 years treated by mild hypothermia in our hospital were selected.Patients were randomly divided into two groups:low-dose ambroxol hydrochloride group and high dose ambroxol hydrochloride (n=20,each).Patients in low-dose ambroxol hydrochloride group were treated with ambroxol 30 mg plus saline infusion,3 times/day; while patients in high-dose ambroxol hydrochloride group were treated with ambroxol 300mg plus saline infusion,3 times/day; both groups were treated for 7 days.The changes of characteristic and quantity of sputum,PaO2and PaO2/FiO2,and serum TNF α level were analyzed at day 1,3,7.Duration of mechanical ventilation,tracheotomy proportion,and mortality were compared between the two groups 3 months after treatment.Results At day 3-7 after the intervention,the sputum got thinner and less,and more easy to suck in highdose group than in low-dose group (thin sputum proportion:75％ vs.40％,P =0.025; clean proportion by once suction:65％ vs.25％,P=0.011).The improvement of PaO2,PaO2/FiO2 were more significant in high dose group than in low dose group (PaO2 ∶ 3d,(92.3±12.3) mm Hg vs.(83.3±15.2) mm Hg,P=0.046;7d,(95.9±12.5) mm Hgvs.(87.1±11.7) mm Hg,P=0.028;PaO2/FiO2∶3d,(290.8± 15.8) mmHgvs.(221.8± 16.4) mm Hg,P=0.000;7d,(296.3±16.9)mm Hg vs.(238.4±15.0) mm Hg,P=0.000).Serum concentrations of TNF α was lower in highdose group than in low dose group [3d,(54.1± 4.9) ng/L vs.(71.4± 5.6) ng/L,P=0.000;7d,(35.1± 2.7) ng/L vs.(63.3±4.3) ng/L,P 0.000].Duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter and tracheotomy proportion was lower in high dose group than in low dose group [(116.8±18.7) hrsvs.(178.4±35.5) hrs,P=0.000; 25％ vs.60％,P=0.025].There was no significant difference in mortality between groups 3 months after treatment.Conclusions The application of high dose ambroxol can improve respiratory function,decrease duration of mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy proportion,and reduce the systemic inflammatory response in elderly traumatic brain injury patients treated by mild hypothermia,but without long-term survival benefit.

The effect of pioglitazone on the expression of genes relative to differentiation and function of primary brown adipose tissue cells was detected for the new treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.The results showed that pioglitazone promoted the differentiation and function of brown adipocytes( P＜0.05 ).

Based on previous results of 16S rDNA sequence homologuous and results of physic-biochemical indexes and morphological characteristics in the present work, bacterial strain ge15 isolated from roots of ginseng plants was identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila. Confronting incubation results showed that, strain ge15 inhibited the growth of Alternaria panax, Phytophthora cactorum, and Cylindrocapon destructans significantly, and the width of inhibition zone was 13.3, 24.0, 12.0 mm, respectively. Further results showed that the emergence rate and seedling survive rate of ge15 treatment was significantly higher than those of the control, and which was similar to pesticide carbendazol treatment. The ge15 strain has good application potential in ginseng diseases control without contamination.
Alternaria ; growth & development ; physiology ; Antibiosis ; Biological Control Agents ; Hypocreales ; growth & development ; physiology ; Panax ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Phytophthora ; growth & development ; physiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Stenotrophomonas ; classification ; cytology ; isolation & purification ; physiology