Objective To investigate the prognostic value of fever burden in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.Methods A retrospective analysis of 355 TBI patients admitted to the emergency department and intensive care unit from November 2010 to October 2012 was performed,and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was followed-up 6 months after the injury.The patients were divided into two groups according to the GOS:good outcome group (4 to 5) and poor outcome group (1 to 3).Relevant clinical findings were studied by statistical description,logistic regression analysis,Spearman correlation analysis and ROC curve analysis.Results Fever burden level was continuously increased with the decrease of GOS from score 5 to 2,except for score 1 of GOS,which was corresponding to a significant lower fever burden.There were significant differences in age,pupil reactivity,Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and fever burden between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the good outcome group,the poor outcome group was featured with more advanced average age (P =0.000),poorer pupil reactivity (P =0.000),lower GCS score (P =0.000) and higher fever burden level (P =0.000).Univariate logistic regression analysis suggested that age,GCS,pupil reactivity and fever burden level (OR 1.166,95％ CI:1.117-1.217) were associatedwith poor outcome.The fever burden level and the other independent prognostic predictors as age,GCS and pupil reactivity were further included in the multivariate logistic regression model,and the adjusted OR of fever burden level was 1.098 (95％ CI:1.031-1.169,P =0.003).ROC curve analysis showed the respective AUC for fever burden was 0.713 (95％ CI:0.663-0.760).The relevant analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the fever burden and the GOS score (r =-0.376,95％ CI:-0.462--0.283,P =0.000).Conclusions Fever burden can be considered as an independent predictor of poor outcome of patients with TBI.The TBI patients with early onset of high levels of fever burden will have increased poor outcome risk.

Objective To explore the effects of high-dose ambroxol hydrochloride (Mucosolvan) on pulmonary protection and anti-inflammatory in traumatic brain injury patients treated by mild hypothermia.Methods From June 2008 to June 2012,40 elderly traumatic brain injury patients aged 60-70 years treated by mild hypothermia in our hospital were selected.Patients were randomly divided into two groups:low-dose ambroxol hydrochloride group and high dose ambroxol hydrochloride (n=20,each).Patients in low-dose ambroxol hydrochloride group were treated with ambroxol 30 mg plus saline infusion,3 times/day; while patients in high-dose ambroxol hydrochloride group were treated with ambroxol 300mg plus saline infusion,3 times/day; both groups were treated for 7 days.The changes of characteristic and quantity of sputum,PaO2and PaO2/FiO2,and serum TNF α level were analyzed at day 1,3,7.Duration of mechanical ventilation,tracheotomy proportion,and mortality were compared between the two groups 3 months after treatment.Results At day 3-7 after the intervention,the sputum got thinner and less,and more easy to suck in highdose group than in low-dose group (thin sputum proportion:75％ vs.40％,P =0.025; clean proportion by once suction:65％ vs.25％,P=0.011).The improvement of PaO2,PaO2/FiO2 were more significant in high dose group than in low dose group (PaO2 ∶ 3d,(92.3±12.3) mm Hg vs.(83.3±15.2) mm Hg,P=0.046;7d,(95.9±12.5) mm Hgvs.(87.1±11.7) mm Hg,P=0.028;PaO2/FiO2∶3d,(290.8± 15.8) mmHgvs.(221.8± 16.4) mm Hg,P=0.000;7d,(296.3±16.9)mm Hg vs.(238.4±15.0) mm Hg,P=0.000).Serum concentrations of TNF α was lower in highdose group than in low dose group [3d,(54.1± 4.9) ng/L vs.(71.4± 5.6) ng/L,P=0.000;7d,(35.1± 2.7) ng/L vs.(63.3±4.3) ng/L,P 0.000].Duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter and tracheotomy proportion was lower in high dose group than in low dose group [(116.8±18.7) hrsvs.(178.4±35.5) hrs,P=0.000; 25％ vs.60％,P=0.025].There was no significant difference in mortality between groups 3 months after treatment.Conclusions The application of high dose ambroxol can improve respiratory function,decrease duration of mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy proportion,and reduce the systemic inflammatory response in elderly traumatic brain injury patients treated by mild hypothermia,but without long-term survival benefit.

Objective To explore the anatomical basis for the flexor pollicis brevis branch of median nerve transfer to the deep branch of ulnar nerve.Methods Eight fresh upper limb were dissected and observed.The specimen were dissected under the loup.Observed the number of the flexor pollicis brevis branch and measured the distances from pisiform bone to the flexor pollicis brevis branch.Then the transfer operation on the cadaver were imitated.After the anastomosis was completed,the stumps of the nerves were sectioned and stained with HE.The crossing-sectional area and the density of nerve fiber were obtained by Image-Pro Plus version 6.0,then the number of the nerve fiber were calculated.The data analyzed by SPSS 17.0.Results The flexor pollicis brevis branch constantly appear,there were two branches in 2 specimens,one branch in 6 specimens.The flexor pollicis brevis branch could transfer to the deep branch of ulnar nerve by end-to-end surture without tension.The regeneration distances was (37.3 ± 5.76) mm.The crossing-sectional area were (0.0575 ± 0.0086)mm2 and (0.2039 ± 0.0396)mm2,the number were (492.50± 62.62) and (1651.13± 79.01),the density were (8781.4246 ± 1676.2894)/mm2 and (8371.1592 ± 1677.6509)/mm2 in the flexor pollicis brevis branch and the deep branch of ulnar nerve,respectively.There were no significant differences in the density of the nerve fiber between the donor and recipient nerve (P ＜0.05).But there were differences in the crossing-sectional area and number of the nerve fiber(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The flexor pollicis brevis branch transfer to the deep branch of ulnar nerve can provide a short regenerating distance,but can supply a part of recipient nerve to reinnervate.

Objective To analyze the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of epidemic encephalitis B in Yuneheng area of Shanxi Province in 2006.Methods Seventy-nine cases diagnosed with epidemic encephalitis B were enrolled in this study and correlated data,epidemic and clinical characteristics,laboratory examinations and treatment outcome were analyzed.Results Sixty-two of 79 patients(78.5%)were middle-aged or old people,all cases(100%)occurred in July,August and September,69 cases(87.3%)were peasants.All patients(100%)had fever,73(92.4%)had conscious disturbance,27(34.2%)had respiratory failure.Encephalitis B specific IgM antibody was examined and 40 cases(85.1%)were positive.Twenty cases(25.3%)had complications.When they were discharged,37 cases(46.8%)recovered completely,14 cases(17.7%)died,12 were improved and 16 were voluntarily discharged,7 cases(8.9%)left more or less neurological deficits. Conclusion The epidemiology and clinical characteristics are important basis to diagnose epidemic encephalitis B.

Objective To test plasma levels of uPA,uPAR,D-dimer,IL-6 and TNF-α,and observe the relationships between uPA,uPAR and D-dimer,IL-6,TNF-αin patients with SIRS.Methods A prospective,clinical case-control study was adopted.Cases were collected from our hospital in January 2008 to January 2010,and all were ＞ 55 years of age.Venous blood samples were collected via routine venipuncture.Eighty-five patients were divided into two groups according to diagnostic criteria of SIRS:SIRS group collected from Intensive Care Unit ( n =50) and non SIRS group collected from medical ward ( n =35).The control group comprised 30 unrelated healthy blood donors who visited the General Health Checkup Division at our hospital.Patients with (1) pregnant women; (2) cancer; (3) died after admitted into ICU in 7 days; (4) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; ( 5 ) with previous blood system diseases; (6) patients with SIRS before admitted into ICU were excluded from the study.uPA,uPAR,D-D,IL-6 and TNF-α in blood were detected by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.The data was analyzed using SPSS version17.0.Data accorded with normal distribution of measurement was expressed as mean ± standard,and analyzed by independent-samples t test; non-normal distribution of measurement data,expressed by median,was analyzed with Mann-Whitney test.Relationships between plasma levels of uPA,uPAR and D-dimer,IL-6 TNF-α were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation test.To compare with blood level of uPA,uPAR,IL-6 and TNF-α in SIRS patients in the application of diagnostic value of MODS,we constructed the receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC curve) for blood levels of uPA,uPAR,IL-6 and TNF-α in 24 h.Results The plasma levels of uPA,uPAR,D-dimer,IL-6 and TNF-αin patients of SIRS were obviously higher compared with non-SIRS and normal controls ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between uPAR level and IL-6 level (r =0.395,P =0.004) ; there was positive correlation between uPAR level and TNF-αlevel ( r =0.606,P ＜0.01 ).There was no correlation between uPAR levd and D-dimer level ( r =- 0.069,P =0.632).There was no correlation between uPA level and D-dimer,IL-6 or TNF-α ( all p ＞ 0.05).There ROC curve were made based on the abilities of uPAR,D-dimer,IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in 24 hours to diagnose MODS,and the ROC areas under the curves were 0.76,0.58,0.86,0.83 respectively.Conclusions These results demonstrate that uPA and uPAR play a major contributory role in patients with SIRS in the process of coagulation disorders,but the mechanism in SIRS is not the same.uPAR may play a central rolein the development of SIRS to MODS.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of linezolid in the treatment of severe lung infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Methods Fifteen patients admitted to ICU due to severe lung infection caused by MRSA received linezolid treatment. WBC, lactic acid (LAC), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were measured before and after treatment. Results Clinical efficacy rate was 73.3%. The level of WBC, LAC and inflammatory cytokines decreased significantly after linezolid treatment (P<0.01).Conclusions Linezolid shows good efficacy in the treatment of severe lung infections caused by MRSA.

Objective To investigate the change of oxidation system and antioxidation system in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) induced by anti-Thy1.1 antibody,and further to study the intervention of rosmarinic acid(RAD).Methods Anti-THy1.1 serum was produced,and then intravenously injected into rats for establishing an experimental model of MsPGN.The experiment was designed for control with or without RAD,glomerulonephritis with or without RAD,respectively.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in tissue homogenate were detected by spectrophotomerty.Results The activity of SOD significantly decreased,while the content of MDA increased in MsPGN.RAD could inhibit oxidation in the mesangial cells.Conclusion Lipid peroxidation participates in MsPGN and RAD can control the changes of the mesangial cells and show the activity of antioxidation.

Herpes simplex virusⅠ(HSVⅠ) regulating the pathway of transcription and translation modify in host cell is a very systematic and complicate system. A clear understanding of the concrete mechanisms of infection will greatly help to comprehend the virus replication and the interaction with the host cell. By the analysis of 2-DE, the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2 in human fetal liver cell represent distinction after the HSVⅠinfection.Utilization of Northern blot and Western blot technologies verified the expression of hnRNP H2 in different stage of virus infection is varied.

Objective To study the feasibility of the measurement of the thickness of rabbit knee joint cartilage by comparing the optical coherence tomography (OCT)and the undecalcified frozen section method on respectively measure the thickness of New Zeal-and white rabbit’s knee cartilage.Methods 50 standardized cultivation,adult and male New Zealand white rabbits (100 knees) were selected in this study.The measurement point was at the knee weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle with a 2 milli-meter diameter trephine,and the cartilage thickness data at the same center point and ±0.5 mm from the center were obtained.OCT and freeze-sectioning method were adopted at each site,respectively.The difference between OCT and histological method was com-pared and Bland-Altman plot was constructed.Results The thickness results of the center,+0.5 mm,-0.5 mm points were (296.5± 1.6)μm,(302.6± 3.5)μm,(287.9±5.6)μm by OCT,(278.4±1.9)μm,(290.3±5.9)μm,(280.3±4.6)μm by freeze-sectio-ning method,respectively.In Bland-Altman diagram,mean difference and 95% confidence interval were 18.1 1 (1 6.65,1 9.56)μm, 12.4 (5.5,1 9.2)μm,7.4 (2.8,12.0)μm.Intra-class correlation coefficients(ICC)for resemblance between the 2 techniques were 0.93(95%CI:0.89-0.95,P <0.000 1),0.84(95%CI:0.77-0.89,P <0.000 1),0.91(95%CI:0.87 -0.94,P <0.000 1),respec-tively.Conclusion As compared with the measurement of undecalcified frozen section,OCT for the rabbits’knee joint cartilage thickness measurement is feasible with the advantages of noninvasiveness,good repeatability.OCT can provide data reference in ani-mal experiments of cartilage tissue engineering for articular cartilage defect repair.

OBJECTIVETo improve the X-ray diagnosis of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (VCS).

METHODSA blinded design research. The X-ray signs both 60 patients with VCS and 60 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were collected from January 2011 to November 2012. There were 36 males and 84 females, aged from 25 to 65 years old with an average of (48.4 ± 12.3) years old. Cervical curvature, atlanto-occipital joint angle, atlanto-axial joint angle, C2/C3 joint angle and lower cervical instability condition and segmental distribution were measured and recorded by X-rays. These data were analyzed and compared between the two groups after unblended. Combined with clinical manifestations,the X-ray imaging features of VCS were further analyzed.

RESULTSThere was significant difference in cervical curvature between two groups in anteflexion X-ray films (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in extension degree of atlanto-occipital joint angle between two groups (P < 0.01). There was significant difference in atlanto-axial joint angle between two groups in lateral X-ray films (P< 0.05). There was significant.difference in anteflexion degree of atlanto-axial joint angle between two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in C2/C3 joint angle between two groups. There was no significant difference in the lower cervical instability condition and segmental distribution between two groups. In VCS group, the mild and moderate dizziness was main symptom, flexion and extension activities of neck was most common cause in the dizziness; and always accompanied with headache; tenderness mostly concentrated in the upper cervical area.

CONCLUSIONBoth X-ray signs and clinical manifestations can prompt the abnormalities of the upper cervical structure or function in patients with VCS. Anteflexion activities of neck observed by functional position of X-ray films should be emphasized in diagnosis of VCS.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiculopathy ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Spondylosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Vertebral Artery ; X-Rays