The antihypertensive effects of diltiazem was observed in 30 cases of essential hypertension, and following results were obtained. 1) Mean decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by oral diltiazem was 42.0+/-2.5mmHg and 17.8+/-1.7mmHg. The results of antihypertensive therapy revealed good control in 50% fair control in 30% poor in 17% and failure in 3% of the cases. In 80% of the cases, good or fair control of Hypertension which means drop of diastolic pressure to the level of less than 100mmhg was observed. 2) Mean drop in heart rate was 21+/-2 beats/min. 3) Daily dose was 90-180mg. 4) The side effect of oral Diltiazem was mild headache and dizziness, respectively one case.
Blood Pressure ; Diltiazem* ; Dizziness ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension

In this study, we evaluated systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic changes with the administration of diltiazem into pulmonary artery in hypoxia(F1O2 0.15)-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in 7 mongrel dogs. Hypoxic gas induced pulmonary vasoconstriction(HPV) resulted in 23.8% increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP) without any changes of pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR). A 200 ug/kg intravenous bolus of diltazem, followed by 10 ug/kg/min(DL)and 15 ug/kg/min(DH) for 20 min, respectively, produced no change in pulmonary arterial pressure. But this was accompanied by increase in PVR and PVR/SVR ration in DL and 20 min after DH. We conclude that diltiazem does not seem to decrease acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrition in dogs and it might not be beneficial drug for this kind of pulmoary hypertension.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Diltiazem* ; Dogs* ; Hemodynamics ; Hypertension ; Pulmonary Artery ; Vasoconstriction*

In this study, we evaluated systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic changes with the administration of diltiazem into pulmonary artery in hypoxia(F1O2 0.15)-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in 7 mongrel dogs. Hypoxic gas induced pulmonary vasoconstriction(HPV) resulted in 23.8% increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP) without any changes of pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR). A 200 ug/kg intravenous bolus of diltazem, followed by 10 ug/kg/min(DL)and 15 ug/kg/min(DH) for 20 min, respectively, produced no change in pulmonary arterial pressure. But this was accompanied by increase in PVR and PVR/SVR ration in DL and 20 min after DH. We conclude that diltiazem does not seem to decrease acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrition in dogs and it might not be beneficial drug for this kind of pulmoary hypertension.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Diltiazem* ; Dogs* ; Hemodynamics ; Hypertension ; Pulmonary Artery ; Vasoconstriction*

The effects of diltiazem and verapamil on the electrically-evoked twitch response, train-of- four and tetanic stimulation were studied in the isolated rat hemidiaphragm preparation. Diltiazem(3-150 pM) and verapamil(3-100 pM) increased the electrically-evoked(nerve stimulation, 0.1 Hz, 0.5 ms, 10 V) twitch responses in a dose-related fashion and diltiazem was more potent than verapamil. But, the large doses of diltiazem(150-300 uM) and verapamil(100-300 uM) decreased the twich responses. And the effects of diltiazem and verapamil were not effected by reducing the extracellular calcium from 2.5 to 1.25 mM. Diltiazem and verapamil decreased the train-of-four and tetanus ratio as well as the d-tubocurarine in a dose-related fashion. d-Tubocurarine, a specific nicotinic antagonist, decreased twitch response, and the potentiating twitch response of diltiazem was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of d-tubocura- rine. Furthermore, it is noteworth that the inhibitory effects of d-tubocurararine were markedly potentiated by diltiazem. In cases of the direct(muscle, 0.1 Hz, 5 ms, 10 V) stimulation, diltiazem and verapamil decreaaed the electrically-evoked twitch response with dose dependently. These results indicate that diltiazem and verapamil elicited two distinctive types of twitch response in the rat phrenic-hemidiaphragm preparation. The potentiating effect of twitch response is mediated by the acetylcholine release from the prejunctional nerve terminal and the inhibiting effect may be due to blcking influx of calcium and/or release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Calcium ; Diltiazem* ; Rats* ; Tetanus ; Tubocurarine ; Verapamil*

The hypotensive action of calcium antagonist has been recognized, however, clinical study on the hypotensive effect is not yet extensively carried out. Auther studied the effect of Dilitiazem(Herben(R)) on 23 hypertensive patients. The age of patient was average 58.5(30-75) years. There were 8 male and 15 female patients. Among 23 cases, 20 cases of essential hypertension had no previous medication for hypertension and they were given 90mg of Diltiazem daily in 3 divied doses for 8 weeks. The blood pressure and pulse were measured at one week interval. In 3 cases of hypertension who were refractory to other hypotensive drugs for 2 weeks. The results were as follows; 1) In 20 cases of untreated essential hypertension, the control average blood pressure was 179.8/106.3mmHg and pulse 77.1/min. After the Diltiazem medication average blood pressure in one week was 153.3/97.3mmHg and pulse 76.6/min, in 3 week 153.0/94.0mmHg, and pulse 76.6/min, in 5 week 143.0/92.0mmHg and pulse 75.4/min, and in 8 week 142.3/90.0mmHg and pulse 73.0/min. These data showed that after one week of medication, blood pressure fell significantly in systole and diastole but there was no significant pulse change. 2) The rate of hypotensive effect by grade were as follows; overall effectiveness in systolic pressure which fell more than 5 mmHg was 85% and more than 20mmHg fall was 70%. In diastolic pressure the overall effectiveness which fell more than 5mmHg was 60% and more than 15 mmhg fall was 40%. 3) In 3 cases which were refractory to other hypotensive drugs, the hypertension became normal blood pressure in one day by 90mg Diltiazem and the fall of blood pressure persisted for 2 weeks by continuous medication.
Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Diastole ; Diltiazem* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Systole

The hypotensive effect of diltiazem hydrochloride(Herben(R)) was investigated with 32 cases of essential hypertension. Diltiazem, 90-180mg per day, was administer ed in divided doses to each of the subjects for 6 week and the blood pressure lowering effect was assessed, as remarkably effective when the lowering of blood pressure was, 20mmHg or more of systolic pressure and 10mmHg or more of diastolic pressure; as satisfactorily effective when 20mmH or more of systolic pressure or 10mmHg or more of diastolic pressure was lowered; as fairly effective when 10-19mmHg of systolic pressure and 5-9mmHg of diastolic pressure. 1. With above mentioned criteria, diltiazem was remarkably, satisfactorily and fairly effective in 11(37%), 13(43%) and 1(3%) of 30 patients, respectively, while the drug was ineffective in 5(17%). 2. Diltiazem was effective in lowering of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and was effective as a sole agent of as an agent of combination therapy. 3. With diltiazem treatment, the depressed ST segment was conversed to isoelectric line in all of 10 cases which showed ST depression before diltiazem treatment and the elevated ST segment was conversed to isoelectric line in 1 of 2 cases. all of 4 cases with flat T wave and 10 of 12 cases with inverted T wave showed conversion to upright T waves after diltiazem treatment. 4. Undesirable side effects was observed in 2 cases out of 32 cases(6%); 1 case of erythema multiforme-like skin eruption and 1 case of the clinical aggravation of congestive heart failure, in whom the diltiazem administration was discontinued.
Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Diltiazem* ; Erythema ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: To establish an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of diltiazem hydrochloride injection. METHODS: The assay was conducted on a NUCLEODUR C18 column with buffer solution (pH6.2)-acetonitrile-methanol (40:30:30) as the mobile phase and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. RESULTS: Diltiazem hydrochloride and relevant substances could be separated under the condition. The linear concentration range of diltiazem hydrochloride was 4 - 200mg/L with the recovery of 100.22% (RSD = 0.37%). CONCLUSION The method may be used for the determination of diltiazem hydrochloride injection.
Calcium Channel Blockers ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diltiazem ; analysis

To darify the cardiotoxic mechanism, the effect of bupivacaine on the cardiac function, especially in coronary flow rate was inveetigated in the isolated working rat heart. When administered into left atrium of the heart, lidocaine(10(-6)-10(-4) M) decreased heart rate in a dose-related fashion, whereae rate of coronary flow and mean coronary resistance tend to decrease and increase transiently, respectively. On the other hand, bupivacaine decreased the coronary flow rate and increased the mean coronary resistanee in a dose(10(-6)-10(-4) M) dependent manner. However, the decrement of heart rate by bupivacaine was not clear, but larger dose(10(-4) M) produced marked bradycardic effect. Bupivaeaine decreased the coronary flow and increased the mean coronary resistance in the isolated working heart, in which the heart rate and aortic pressure were kept constantly by electrical stimulation(3-6 pps, 0.5 mS, 20 V). These effects of bupivacaine were not influenced by 1 uM prazosin and 2 uM atropine pretreatment. But the bupivacaine effeets were completely abolished by 100 mM KC1 pretreatment and were inhibited markedly by 10(-7) M diltiazem, a Ca2+ -antagonist, pretreatment. From these results, it is suggested that the bupivacaine-induced coronary flow decrease is elicited via direct coronary vasoconstriction. And this vasoconstriction is due to the increments of intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Atropine ; Bupivacaine* ; Diltiazem ; Hand ; Heart Atria ; Heart Rate ; Heart* ; Prazosin ; Rats* ; Vasoconstriction

Effect of diltiazem hydrochloride on cardiac performance with particular reference to the antianginal action was studied in 17 patients with ischemic heart disease, including 12 cases of effort angina, by means of clinical and mechanocardiographic evaluations. All patients were kept on the same medications from at least 2 weeks prior to diltiazem administration until the end of the study, and were prescribed no other antianginal drugs except for liberal use of sublingual nitroglycerin. Diltiazem was given 90mg a day in three divided doses for two weeks. Clinical and mechanocardiographic evaluations, including calculations of pressure rate product(PRP), triple product(TP) and tension time index(TTI), were made before and at a weekly interval after diltiazem administration. After the medication, heart rate, blood pressure and the pre-ejection period(PEP) with its ratio to the ejection time tended to decrease, and the decreases in heart rate and the PEP at the end of two weeks were significant. The PRP, TP and TTI were also significantly decreased at the end of the second week, and the decrease in the TTI was significant even a week after the medication. An antianginal effect, which appeared within few days, was excellent to good in over 90 percent of the cases. These facts suggest that diltiazem hydrochloride has no negative inotropic action and its antianginal effecti in its early stage of the drug administration is primarily due to coronary vasodilation and, as the drug is continued, is contributed to possibly by the decrease in the myocardial oxygen consumption as well.
Angina Pectoris* ; Blood Pressure ; Diltiazem* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Nitroglycerin ; Oxygen Consumption ; Vasodilation

Since profound hyperkalemia induces fatal arrhythmias, the recognition of its electrocardiographic manifestations is very important. The changes on the ECG correlated roughly with the severity of hyperkalemia. It has been, however, less recognized that severe hyperkalemia is associated with bradycardia. We present 14 patients with chronic kidney disease manifesting marked bradycardia in the presence or absence of hyperkalemia. It is interesting that diabetes mellitus which was complicated in 10 of 14 patients in the present study might exaggerate bradycardia with or without hyperkalemia. 9 patients, who were taking drugs such as diltiazem, beta-blocker, alpha, beta-blocker, and digoxin, developed bradycardia even when their plasma potassium concentration were moderate (<6.5 mEq/L). Therefore, we suggest that synergistic action of these drugs, hyperkalemia, diabetes mellitus, and uremic toxin in patient with chronic kidney disease might play a role in inducing bradycardia.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Bradycardia* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Digoxin ; Diltiazem ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*