Periductal mastitis arises from major ducts. Radiographic reports describing the phases of duct ectasia and secretory calcifications, have been published, but descriptions of the phases of periductal mastitis are rare. We report the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings of periductal mastitis in a 30-year-old woman who presented with a breast lump.
Adult ; Breast ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Female ; Humans ; Mastitis* ; Ultrasonography*

Internal jugular phlebectasia (IJP) is a fusiform dilatation of the internal jugular vein (IJV), usually presented as a neck mass in children. Accurate diagnosis from carefully directed history, physical examination, and radiological study could result in lifesaving therapy. We performed our study to suggest possible clinical diagnostic criteria for IJP in Korean children. We reviewed three cases of IJP (patients group) and compared the diameter of the internal jugular phlebectasias with diameters of IJVs in ten normal children (control group) using ultrasonography (USG). There were no significant differences in the range of diameters in the resting state between the two groups. The diameters on the right side, compared with those on the left side, showed no statistical significance (p < 0.05). Te range of expanding diameter and average expanding ratios (resting state to Valsalva maneuver X 100%) showed a statistical difference between the two groups (p < 0.05).
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dilatation, Pathologic/*ultrasonography ; Female ; Human ; Jugular Veins/*ultrasonography ; Korea ; Male ; Valsalva's Maneuver

Venous ectasia, also called phlebectasia or venous aneurysm, is an isolated saccular or fusiform dilatation of a vein. Ectasia of the internal jugular vein was once considered rare, but is increasing in apparent frequency due to the wide use of noninvasive diagnostic modalities. A 57-year-old woman was referred for right neck discomfort that had developed 1 month earlier. She complained of a non-painful right neck swelling, located anteromedial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Computed tomography and color Doppler ultrasonography showed a 2x.7-cm right internal jugular venous ectasia. The size of the jugular venous ectasia decreased after compression with a probe and increased during the Valsalva maneuver. Here, we report the first Korean case of primary internal jugular venous ectasia, which presented as an asymptomatic right neck swelling
Aneurysm ; Dilatation ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Female ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Neck ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Veins

Periductal mastitis and mammary duct ectasia are now considered as separate disease entities in the female breast, and these two diseases affect different age groups and have different etiologies and clinical symptoms. These two entities have very rarely been reported in the male breast and they have long been considered as the same disease as that in the female breast without any differentiation. We report here on the radiologic findings of a rare case of periductal mastitis that developed during the course of chemotherapy for lung cancer in a 50-year-old male. On ultrasonography, there was a partially defined mass with adjacent duct dilatation and intraductal hypoechogenicity, and this correlated with an immature abscess with a pus-filled, dilated duct and periductal inflammation on the pathologic examination.
Abscess ; Breast* ; Dilatation ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male* ; Mastitis* ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography

Periductal mastitis and mammary duct ectasia are now considered as separate disease entities in the female breast, and these two diseases affect different age groups and have different etiologies and clinical symptoms. These two entities have very rarely been reported in the male breast and they have long been considered as the same disease as that in the female breast without any differentiation. We report here on the radiologic findings of a rare case of periductal mastitis that developed during the course of chemotherapy for lung cancer in a 50-year-old male. On ultrasonography, there was a partially defined mass with adjacent duct dilatation and intraductal hypoechogenicity, and this correlated with an immature abscess with a pus-filled, dilated duct and periductal inflammation on the pathologic examination.
Abscess ; Breast* ; Dilatation ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male* ; Mastitis* ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Accurate assessment of corneal thickness is important in order to prevent iatrogenic corneal ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). More accurate measurement is needed in LASIK enhancement because the cornea becomes thin after previous refractive surgery. We evaluated the reliability of corneal thickness measurement with ultrasound pachymeter (USP) in the thin corneas. METHODS: The corneal thickness was measured in the 22 eyes of 11 rabbits. The corneal flap was made with an Automated Corneal Shaper microkeratome (Bausch and Lomb, USA) with 130 micro meter plate and the flap was removed in order to make the cornea thin. Residual stromal bed (RSB) thickness was measured with USP and thickness gauge, and the two measurements were compared. RESULTS: Mean corneal thickness was 404.69 +/- 11.01 micro meter with USP and 133.23 +/- 15.66 micro meter with thickness gauge. RSB thickness measured with thickness gauge was 269.05 +/- 24.19 micro meter and this was not significantly different from the expected RSB thickness, although RSB thickness measured with USP was 388.14 +/- 10.17 micro meter, which was significantly different from the expected RSB thickness (p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS: In the thin corneas, corneal thickness measurement with ultrasound pachymeter is not reliable.
Cornea* ; Corneal Pachymetry* ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Rabbits ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic features of nonlactiferous breast abscess. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed ultrasonograms of 21 cases with surgically and clinically proved nonlactiferous breast abscess. The cases included 17 cases of acute or chronic inflammation and 4 cases of tuberculosis. RESULTS: Location of the lesion was subareolar in 15 cases and peripheral in 6. Mean anteroposterior/transverse diameter ratio was 0.49. Internal echogenicitiy of the lesion was variable, with heterogeneous mixed-echoic echotexture in 18 cases and homogeneous hypoechoic in 3. Margin of the lesion was irregular in 18 cases(85.7%) and posterior sonic enhancement was observed in 17 cases(81%). There were also noted obliteration of adjacent superficial fascia, localized skin thickening, and sinus tract or ductal ectasia in 19(90.5%), 9 (42.9%), and 9(42.9%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Major ultrasonographic findings of nonlactiferous breast abscess was subareolar located, variable shaped mass with posterior enhancement. Additional findings were fistular formation, loss of superficial fascia, and axillary lymphadenopathy.
Abscess* ; Breast* ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Inflammation ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tuberculosis ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic features of nonlactiferous breast abscess. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed ultrasonograms of 21 cases with surgically and clinically proved nonlactiferous breast abscess. The cases included 17 cases of acute or chronic inflammation and 4 cases of tuberculosis. RESULTS: Location of the lesion was subareolar in 15 cases and peripheral in 6. Mean anteroposterior/transverse diameter ratio was 0.49. Internal echogenicitiy of the lesion was variable, with heterogeneous mixed-echoic echotexture in 18 cases and homogeneous hypoechoic in 3. Margin of the lesion was irregular in 18 cases(85.7%) and posterior sonic enhancement was observed in 17 cases(81%). There were also noted obliteration of adjacent superficial fascia, localized skin thickening, and sinus tract or ductal ectasia in 19(90.5%), 9 (42.9%), and 9(42.9%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Major ultrasonographic findings of nonlactiferous breast abscess was subareolar located, variable shaped mass with posterior enhancement. Additional findings were fistular formation, loss of superficial fascia, and axillary lymphadenopathy.
Abscess* ; Breast* ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Inflammation ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tuberculosis ; Ultrasonography

We have experienced a case of mucinous ductal ectasia of the pancreas. The patient visited hospital with the symptoms of acute pancreatitis. The plasma levels of amylase and lipase checked at hospital were elevated. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan showed cystlike, intrapancreatic defects localized in the uncinate process of pancreatic head, On duodenoscopy, bulging ampulla of Vater and patulous papillary orifice were seen. Mucin leaked out of the patulous opening. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography was performed and the localized, grape-like cyatic dilatation of the side branch of a main pancreatic duct on the uncinate process was shown. The main pancreatic duct was also dilated and had multiple filling defects in it. Whipple' s operation was performed and the histologic diagnosis was a benign intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas.
Ampulla of Vater ; Amylases ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Dilatation, Pathologic* ; Duodenoscopy ; Head ; Humans ; Lipase ; Mucins* ; Pancreas* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis* ; Plasma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Scrotal discomfort is a recognized complication of vasectomy, but the natural history and incidence of this problem are uncertain. The typical ultrasonographic changes after a vasectomy primarily include epididymal thickening and epididymal tubular ectasia with diminished blood flow in the epididymis. We prospectively studied the differences in the ultrasonographic features of the testis and epididymis between patients with and those without scrotal discomfort after vasectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively assessed pain scores in 178 men who underwent outpatient bilateral no-scalpel vasectomy at our institution between January 2009 and December 2010. At 2 months after vasectomy, we evaluated the postoperative scrotal pain questionnaire and scrotal ultrasonographic features for patients who returned for semen analysis. On the basis of the scrotal information, we investigated the potential relationships between scrotal pain or discomfort and scrotal ultrasonographic features of both testes and epididymides. RESULTS: The average age of the 114 men was 36.3 years (range, 29 to 53 years). group 1 (n=23), which reported scrotal pain or discomfort, showed no significant mean differences in the maximal diameter of the head of the epididymis when compared with group 2 (n=91), who had no scrotal pain or discomfort. Also, the width of the body of the epididymis between the two groups showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in ultrasonographic features according to the presence of chronic scrotal discomfort after vasectomy. Therefore, causes of scrotal pain other than obstruction may need to be considered after vasectomy.
Dilatation, Pathologic ; Epididymis ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Natural History ; Outpatients ; Prospective Studies ; Semen Analysis ; Testis ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Vasectomy