Androgen treatment in boys with underdeveloped external genitalia requires close attention to avoid the side effects. The dose and duration of androgen have usually been decided according to the validation of the effects and the side effects. However, the dosage that showed the desirable effect or undesirable side effects already exceeded the optimal dosage. So the indicator to predict the effect of androgen is necessary for boys during androgen treatment. To evaluate serum 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol glucuronide as this indicator we tried to obtain the correlation between the increase of penile length and serum 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol-glucuronide and dihydro-testosterone during dihydrotestosterone treatment. While the mean serum level of 5alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17beta-diol glucuronide was higher than that of dihydrotestosterone in 17 patients without defects of androgen action,the opposite result was observed in 6 patients with defect of androgen action. The increase in penile length estimated by the calculation of the 8 weeks difference of deviation/normal S.D.significantly correlated with the serum 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol glucuronide but not with serum DHT. Therefore the responsibility of the target cell to androgen seems to determine both the effect of androgen treatment and the serum level of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol glucuronide. In conclusion the serum 5alpha-androstane3alpha, 17beta-diol glucuronide could have a value as the indicator to predict the effect of androgen treatment in children with underdeveloped external genitalia.
Child* ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Male ; Penis

A study of changes in testosterone(T) and dihydrotestosterone(DHT) serum concentration was undertaken in children from 6 months to 15 year old age to elucidate the differences in concentration of T and DHT in pediatric age. In addition, change in T: DHT ratio was studied in all children. In same age group there was large individual variation even though they were considered to be normal in T and DHT levels. The results were 1. The T concentration in blood did not increase until the age of l2 year old, but sharply increase(7-8 times) and sustained from the age of 12 year old. 2. DHT showed constant level until the age of 6 year old and somewhat increased level (1.5 times) from the 7 year old age until 11 year old age. So total serumT was considered to be increased a little and converted to DHT promptly from the age of 7. 3.Seeing the T : DHT ratio at the beginning of puberty, the conversion of T to DHTwas considered to be slow in activation time than the T production.
Adolescent ; Child ; Dihydrotestosterone* ; Humans ; Puberty ; Testosterone*

A study of changes in testosterone(T) and dihydrotestosterone(DHT) serum concentration was undertaken in children from 6 months to 15 year old age to elucidate the differences in concentration of T and DHT in pediatric age. In addition, change in T: DHT ratio was studied in all children. In same age group there was large individual variation even though they were considered to be normal in T and DHT levels. The results were 1. The T concentration in blood did not increase until the age of l2 year old, but sharply increase(7-8 times) and sustained from the age of 12 year old. 2. DHT showed constant level until the age of 6 year old and somewhat increased level (1.5 times) from the 7 year old age until 11 year old age. So total serumT was considered to be increased a little and converted to DHT promptly from the age of 7. 3.Seeing the T : DHT ratio at the beginning of puberty, the conversion of T to DHTwas considered to be slow in activation time than the T production.
Adolescent ; Child ; Dihydrotestosterone* ; Humans ; Puberty ; Testosterone*

Based on the theory that benign prostatic hypertrophy may be induced by androgenic effect of testosterone derivatives, especially 5-alpha - dihydrotestosterone, on prostatic tissue, Chlormadinone acetate(CMA), potent oral synthetic antiandrogen was investigated in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Twenty-two patients of prostatic hypertrophy were studied over six months period with a special reference to uroflowmetry and following results were obtained : 1) Chlormadinone acetate induced improvement of obstructive urinary symptoms in terms of uroflowmetric measurement. 2) It is very worthwhile to initiate medical treatment before undergoing any surgical intervention or when surgery is contraindicated.
Chlormadinone Acetate* ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Humans ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Testosterone

The mechanism by which hypospadias is induced has not yet been clearly clarified. However insufficiency of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal function has been suggested in the hypospadias while conflicting results have been demonstrated. Therefore, we assessed pituitary-gonadal function of hypospadias by measuring serum concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and T:DHT ratio before and after HCG treatment. Pituitary LH and FSH responses to exogenous LHRH were also measured. The results were as follows ; 1. There were no significant differences in basal concentrations of serum testosterone and DHT between control and hypospadias. T:DHT ratio was not significantly different between two groups. 2. Concentrations of serum testosterone, DHT, LH and FSH were significantly elevated after HCG of LHRH administration except two patients with familial hypospadias. Also, T:DHT ratio showed normal level in hypospadias group after HCG stimulation. There results suggest that hypospadias may not be associated with abnormality in pituitary-gonadal function except familial hypospadias.
Dihydrotestosterone ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Male ; Testosterone

Finasteride, an inhibitor of type II 5alpha-reductase, inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), resulting in a decrease in serum and scalp DHT levels which are believed to be pathogenic in androgenic alopecia. Oral finasteride has been shown to be effective in the treatment of hair loss in men, while its efficacy in women has remained controversial. Herein, we report 10 cases of female patterned hair loss in postmenopausal women treated with 1 mg/day of finasteride.
Alopecia ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Female* ; Finasteride* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Male ; Scalp ; Testosterone

PURPOSE: Dutasteride affects the prostate by reducing intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone and prostate tissue vascularity. We evaluated the effect of pretreatment with dutasteride for two weeks on perioperative and postoperative bleeding during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three patients who had benign prostatic hyperplasia together with the criteria for eligibility for TURP were included. The dutasteride group consisted of 40 patients who were treated with dutasteride (0.5 mg/d) for two weeks before surgery, and the control group consisted of 43 patients who did not receive dutasteride. Blood loss was evaluated in terms of reduction in serum hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, which were measured before, immediately after, and 24 hours after surgery. We also measured the durations of indwelling urethral catheter use, continuous saline bladder irrigation, and hospitalization. RESULTS: Lower mean blood loss was observed in the dutasteride group than the control group immediately after and 24 hours after surgery (DeltaHb=0.65+/-1.27 g/dL vs. 1.16+/-0.73 g/dL, 1.30+/-1.00 g/dL vs. 1.86+/-1.05 g/dL respectively, p=0.019, p=0.011; DeltaHct=1.89%+/-3.83% vs. 3.47%+/-2.09%, 3.69%+/-2.95% vs. 5.39%+/-3.23% respectively, p=0.016, p=0.011). In addition, there were fewer days of indwelling urethral catheter use (2.95+/-1.02 d vs. 3.92+/-1.14 d, p=0.000), continuous saline bladder irrigation (1.81+/-1.08 d vs. 2.36+/-1.06 d, p=0.016), and hospitalization after TURP (3.95+/-1.09 d vs. 4.76+/-1.19 d, p=0.001) in the dutasteride group. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative treatment with dutasteride for two weeks before TURP reduces surgical bleeding and length of hospitalization after TURP. This pretreatment can be used to decrease surgical bleeding associated with TURP.
Dihydrotestosterone ; Hematocrit ; Hemorrhage* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Catheters ; Dutasteride

PURPOSE: To evaluate the value and limitation of modified Mau osteotomy through the review of 30 feet treated by this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 30 cases treated with modified Mau osteotomy since 2002. The mean duration of follow-up was 10 months. We reviewed medical records to describe each case and select several clinical factors which related with surgical procedure and could influence on final results. We measured radiographic parameters such as hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), sesamoid position and also assessed clinical outcomes by AOFAS score and satisfaction degrees. RESULTS: The mean preoperative HVA and IMA were 40.4degrees, 17.4degrees and the mean amounts of correction were 31.2degrees and 11.5degrees. Amounts of delayed loss of correction were 16.8% in HVA and 19.2% in IMA. Initial HVA, rotational angle and translation distance of the distal fragment, stability of fixation, first ray instability were revealed as significant factors for the final result from this procedure. DMAA was increased by rotation of the distal fragment and decreased by adding translation on the rotation. CONCLUSION: Modified Mau osteotomy is an effective procedure to get enough correction. But, it is important to try to avoid excessive rotation of the distal fragment because it may worse joint congruity. It may be worthwhile to pay close attention to the direction of saw and stability of fixation.
Azasteroids ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Hallux Valgus ; Joints ; Medical Records ; Metatarsal Bones ; Osteotomy ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To study computerized measurements of angular parameters on 100% and 150% resized digital radiography of hallux valgus deformity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 digital radiography of standing foot anteroposterior view of hallux valgus patients were included. Two observers(A, B) independently measured hallux valgus angle (HVA), 1-2 intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) in two times on both 100%-size and 150% magnified images respectively, using computerized measurement software tools. The results were interpreted with the statistical software program, Statistical Analysis System, version 9.2. RESULTS: In repeated measurements of each observer, measurements on 150% magnified image showed no differences of all three parameters and with 100%-size image, there were differences of HVA (observer A) and 1-2 IMA (observer B) (p>0.05). When testing interobserver reliability, both observers showed differences in measurement of HVA and DMAA (p<0.05), but no differences in measurement of 1-2 IMA in both images. Within the 95% confidence interval, limits of error of measurements between two observers on HVA, IMA and DMAA were 2.7degrees 1.4degrees and 5.0degrees respectively in 100%-size images, and 2.6degrees, 1.6degrees and 4.7degrees respectively in 150% magnified images. CONCLUSION: In computerized measurements for angular parameters of hallux valgus with digital radiography, 150% magnified images showed intraobserver reliability. Both 100% and 150% magnified images failed to show interobserver reliability. Measurement of 1-2 IMA in both 100% and 150% images showed less interobserver error.
Azasteroids ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Foot ; Hallux ; Hallux Valgus ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Software

The gubernaculum testis, which has an important role to play in transinguinal testicular descent is richly supplied by the genitofemoral nerve through its scrotal attachment. The treatment of pregnant rats with antiandrogen disturbed normal testicular descent in their male offspring. The division of the genitofemoral nerve in neonatal rats also disturbed normal descent of testis. The spinal motonucleus of genitofemoral nerve showed sexual difference. Therefore the genitofemoral motonucleus might be altered morphologically by manipulation of neonatal androgen as the other motonuclei showing sexual difference. This experiment was designed to illustrate the morphological relationship between the androgens and the genitofemoral motonucleus by retrograde tracing method in rats. Preliminarily the genitofemoral motonucleus of normal male and female adults were compared. The effects of neonatal androgen on genitofemoral rnotonucleus were evaluated by observing the motonuclei of adults after bilateral orchiectomy in neonates and androgen compensation. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The genitofemoral motonuclei of males were similar to those of females in location, but the number and the size of their cells were larger than those of females. 2. The bilateral orchiectomy in neonates caused atrophy of the cremasteric muscle and decreased the size and the number of genitofemoral motonucleus cells in adults. 3. The neonatal compensation of the androgen after bilateral orchiectomy could not prevent atrophy of the cremaster muscle, but maintained the number and the size of the genitofemoral motonucleus cells in adult compared to control. 4. The compensatory effects of androgens on the cellular size of genitofemoral motonucleus were obvious in dihydrotestosterone rather than testosterone. From the above results, it is concluded that the genitofemoral motonucleus show sexual difference and is morphologically affected by neonatal androgens. Therefore there could be the process that androgens, especially dihydrotestosterone, affects genitofemoral motonucleus which affects testicular descent in rats.
Adult ; Androgens* ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Compensation and Redress ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Rats ; Testis ; Testosterone