Androgen treatment in boys with underdeveloped external genitalia requires close attention to avoid the side effects. The dose and duration of androgen have usually been decided according to the validation of the effects and the side effects. However, the dosage that showed the desirable effect or undesirable side effects already exceeded the optimal dosage. So the indicator to predict the effect of androgen is necessary for boys during androgen treatment. To evaluate serum 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol glucuronide as this indicator we tried to obtain the correlation between the increase of penile length and serum 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol-glucuronide and dihydro-testosterone during dihydrotestosterone treatment. While the mean serum level of 5alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17beta-diol glucuronide was higher than that of dihydrotestosterone in 17 patients without defects of androgen action,the opposite result was observed in 6 patients with defect of androgen action. The increase in penile length estimated by the calculation of the 8 weeks difference of deviation/normal S.D.significantly correlated with the serum 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol glucuronide but not with serum DHT. Therefore the responsibility of the target cell to androgen seems to determine both the effect of androgen treatment and the serum level of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol glucuronide. In conclusion the serum 5alpha-androstane3alpha, 17beta-diol glucuronide could have a value as the indicator to predict the effect of androgen treatment in children with underdeveloped external genitalia.
Child* ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Male ; Penis

A study of changes in testosterone(T) and dihydrotestosterone(DHT) serum concentration was undertaken in children from 6 months to 15 year old age to elucidate the differences in concentration of T and DHT in pediatric age. In addition, change in T: DHT ratio was studied in all children. In same age group there was large individual variation even though they were considered to be normal in T and DHT levels. The results were 1. The T concentration in blood did not increase until the age of l2 year old, but sharply increase(7-8 times) and sustained from the age of 12 year old. 2. DHT showed constant level until the age of 6 year old and somewhat increased level (1.5 times) from the 7 year old age until 11 year old age. So total serumT was considered to be increased a little and converted to DHT promptly from the age of 7. 3.Seeing the T : DHT ratio at the beginning of puberty, the conversion of T to DHTwas considered to be slow in activation time than the T production.
Adolescent ; Child ; Dihydrotestosterone* ; Humans ; Puberty ; Testosterone*

A study of changes in testosterone(T) and dihydrotestosterone(DHT) serum concentration was undertaken in children from 6 months to 15 year old age to elucidate the differences in concentration of T and DHT in pediatric age. In addition, change in T: DHT ratio was studied in all children. In same age group there was large individual variation even though they were considered to be normal in T and DHT levels. The results were 1. The T concentration in blood did not increase until the age of l2 year old, but sharply increase(7-8 times) and sustained from the age of 12 year old. 2. DHT showed constant level until the age of 6 year old and somewhat increased level (1.5 times) from the 7 year old age until 11 year old age. So total serumT was considered to be increased a little and converted to DHT promptly from the age of 7. 3.Seeing the T : DHT ratio at the beginning of puberty, the conversion of T to DHTwas considered to be slow in activation time than the T production.
Adolescent ; Child ; Dihydrotestosterone* ; Humans ; Puberty ; Testosterone*

Based on the theory that benign prostatic hypertrophy may be induced by androgenic effect of testosterone derivatives, especially 5-alpha - dihydrotestosterone, on prostatic tissue, Chlormadinone acetate(CMA), potent oral synthetic antiandrogen was investigated in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Twenty-two patients of prostatic hypertrophy were studied over six months period with a special reference to uroflowmetry and following results were obtained : 1) Chlormadinone acetate induced improvement of obstructive urinary symptoms in terms of uroflowmetric measurement. 2) It is very worthwhile to initiate medical treatment before undergoing any surgical intervention or when surgery is contraindicated.
Chlormadinone Acetate* ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Humans ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Testosterone

The mechanism by which hypospadias is induced has not yet been clearly clarified. However insufficiency of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal function has been suggested in the hypospadias while conflicting results have been demonstrated. Therefore, we assessed pituitary-gonadal function of hypospadias by measuring serum concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and T:DHT ratio before and after HCG treatment. Pituitary LH and FSH responses to exogenous LHRH were also measured. The results were as follows ; 1. There were no significant differences in basal concentrations of serum testosterone and DHT between control and hypospadias. T:DHT ratio was not significantly different between two groups. 2. Concentrations of serum testosterone, DHT, LH and FSH were significantly elevated after HCG of LHRH administration except two patients with familial hypospadias. Also, T:DHT ratio showed normal level in hypospadias group after HCG stimulation. There results suggest that hypospadias may not be associated with abnormality in pituitary-gonadal function except familial hypospadias.
Dihydrotestosterone ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Male ; Testosterone

Finasteride, an inhibitor of type II 5alpha-reductase, inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), resulting in a decrease in serum and scalp DHT levels which are believed to be pathogenic in androgenic alopecia. Oral finasteride has been shown to be effective in the treatment of hair loss in men, while its efficacy in women has remained controversial. Herein, we report 10 cases of female patterned hair loss in postmenopausal women treated with 1 mg/day of finasteride.
Alopecia ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Female* ; Finasteride* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Male ; Scalp ; Testosterone

PURPOSE: To study computerized measurements of angular parameters on 100% and 150% resized digital radiography of hallux valgus deformity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 digital radiography of standing foot anteroposterior view of hallux valgus patients were included. Two observers(A, B) independently measured hallux valgus angle (HVA), 1-2 intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) in two times on both 100%-size and 150% magnified images respectively, using computerized measurement software tools. The results were interpreted with the statistical software program, Statistical Analysis System, version 9.2. RESULTS: In repeated measurements of each observer, measurements on 150% magnified image showed no differences of all three parameters and with 100%-size image, there were differences of HVA (observer A) and 1-2 IMA (observer B) (p>0.05). When testing interobserver reliability, both observers showed differences in measurement of HVA and DMAA (p<0.05), but no differences in measurement of 1-2 IMA in both images. Within the 95% confidence interval, limits of error of measurements between two observers on HVA, IMA and DMAA were 2.7degrees 1.4degrees and 5.0degrees respectively in 100%-size images, and 2.6degrees, 1.6degrees and 4.7degrees respectively in 150% magnified images. CONCLUSION: In computerized measurements for angular parameters of hallux valgus with digital radiography, 150% magnified images showed intraobserver reliability. Both 100% and 150% magnified images failed to show interobserver reliability. Measurement of 1-2 IMA in both 100% and 150% images showed less interobserver error.
Azasteroids ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Foot ; Hallux ; Hallux Valgus ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Software

Children with abnormal sex development may present with ambiguous genitalia in the newborn period or lacking of secondary sexual characteristics in puberty. Clinicians should make a prompt and accurate diagnosis and counsel parents on therapeutic options to minimize or avoid medical and psychological complications. 5alpha-reductase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of sex development caused by a mutation of the 5alpha-reductase type 2 gene. As a result, there is an abnormality in conversion of testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and children with 5alpha-reductase deficiency are born with ambiguous genitalia. Here, we report identical twins who presented with ambiguous genitalia with a 46,XY karyotype and were diagnosed as 5alpha-reductase deficiency.
Child ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotype ; Parents ; Puberty ; Sexual Development ; Testosterone ; Twins, Monozygotic

PURPOSE: Finasteride, an inhibitor of 5alpha-reductase, is used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness, by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We attempted to determine whether finasteride treatment led to a clinical improvement in BPH patients with male pattern baldness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a one year, single blind, prospective study, conducted on BPH patients. Eighty two men participated in the study, and received either 5mg finasteride plus 0.2mg tamsulosin (group I, n=43) or 0.2mg tamsulosin alone (group II, n=39). The efficacies were evaluated, bimonthly, by baldness grade, international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and peak flow rate (PFR), for 12 months. The estimation of baldness grade was based on the modified Norwood's classification (from grades I to VII). Patients with grade IV or higher were categorized as having moderate to severe male pattern baldness. The numbers of moderate to severe male pattern baldness were 11 and 16 in groups I and II, respectively. RESULTS: At the baseline, there were no significant differences in the baldness grade, age and prostatic volume between the two groups. Group I exhibited a gradual and continuous improvement in the baldness grade at 10 and 12 months compared to baseline (p<0.05), while group II displayed no significant change in the baldness grade. Thirteen patients (30.2%) of group I manifested improvements in their baldness grade, whereas none of group II demonstrated an improvement. In group I, of the eleven patients with moderate to severe male pattern baldness, seven (63.6%) showed an improvement in their baldness grade, whereas of the thirty two mild grade patients, six (18.7%) showed an improvement. The improvement in baldness grade from the baseline to 10 and 12 months were statistically significant, but from the baseline to 8 months was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment of 5mg finasteride and 0.2mg tamsulosin, for BPH patients, resulted in an improvement in male pattern baldness.
Alopecia* ; Classification ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Finasteride* ; Humans ; Male* ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Testosterone

The gubernaculum testis, which has an important role to play in transinguinal testicular descent is richly supplied by the genitofemoral nerve through its scrotal attachment. The treatment of pregnant rats with antiandrogen disturbed normal testicular descent in their male offspring. The division of the genitofemoral nerve in neonatal rats also disturbed normal descent of testis. The spinal motonucleus of genitofemoral nerve showed sexual difference. Therefore the genitofemoral motonucleus might be altered morphologically by manipulation of neonatal androgen as the other motonuclei showing sexual difference. This experiment was designed to illustrate the morphological relationship between the androgens and the genitofemoral motonucleus by retrograde tracing method in rats. Preliminarily the genitofemoral motonucleus of normal male and female adults were compared. The effects of neonatal androgen on genitofemoral rnotonucleus were evaluated by observing the motonuclei of adults after bilateral orchiectomy in neonates and androgen compensation. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The genitofemoral motonuclei of males were similar to those of females in location, but the number and the size of their cells were larger than those of females. 2. The bilateral orchiectomy in neonates caused atrophy of the cremasteric muscle and decreased the size and the number of genitofemoral motonucleus cells in adults. 3. The neonatal compensation of the androgen after bilateral orchiectomy could not prevent atrophy of the cremaster muscle, but maintained the number and the size of the genitofemoral motonucleus cells in adult compared to control. 4. The compensatory effects of androgens on the cellular size of genitofemoral motonucleus were obvious in dihydrotestosterone rather than testosterone. From the above results, it is concluded that the genitofemoral motonucleus show sexual difference and is morphologically affected by neonatal androgens. Therefore there could be the process that androgens, especially dihydrotestosterone, affects genitofemoral motonucleus which affects testicular descent in rats.
Adult ; Androgens* ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Compensation and Redress ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Rats ; Testis ; Testosterone