No abstract available.
Anesthesia ; Dihydroergotamine ; Methyl Ethers

The behavioral disturbances such as agitation, aggression and wandering oc-curred in the geriatric patients have imposed much burdens on the caregivers. The origin of the behavioral disorders in the geriatric patients were identified to be based on the multidimensional interaction of the biological, psychological and social factors. There are no satisfactory instrum-ents for assessment of behavioral disorders in the geriatric patients. Furthermore, the functional assessments are also required to evaluate the environmental events to influence the problem beh-aviors in the geriatric patients.
Aggression ; Caregivers ; Dihydroergotamine ; Humans

BACKGROUND: We designed this study to find the appropriate dose of fentanyl for the prevention of emergence agitation in pediatric tonsillectomy patients under sevoflurane anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty pediatric patients receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for tonsillectomy was assigned to 3 groups. Fentanyl 0.5microgram/kg (group 1), 1.0microgram /kg (group 2), or 1.5microgram/kg (group 3) was administered intravenously 10 min before the end of surgery. Agitation score was checked at the postanesthesia care unit. RESULTS: The results showed a lower incidence of severe agitation in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1. There was no difference between groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: For preventing emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia, we recommend using fentanyl in a dose of more than 1.0micrgram/kg.
Anesthesia* ; Dihydroergotamine* ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Tonsillectomy*

< 0.05). The incidence of emergence agitation was 17% in the subtenons lidocaine injection group, which was significantly lower than in the control group (36%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A lidocaine injection into the subtenons space reduces emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery.
Anesthesia* ; Anxiety* ; Dihydroergotamine* ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Strabismus*

Behavior disturbances in dementia have many causes, and it is difficult to judge the effectiveness of any method as well as to classify and choose the right agents or methods of treatment. Because agitated behavior disturbances are intermittent phenomena, it is not certain that the change of symptom is response of treatment or incidental. We should help elderly people with risk of dementia, including the preventive intervention and various treatment strategies for the last stages of life. To the comprehensive treatment of behavioral disturbance of patients with dementia, adequate medical resources are essential through organized medical delivery system as well as environmental modification, family management and pharmacotherapy.
Aged ; Dementia ; Dihydroergotamine ; Drug Therapy ; Humans

In order to avoid contamination attributed to Vanbreuseghem hair haiting technique in the laboratory, the author contrived the following modified method. After adding 100ml of antibiotics solution (mixture of 500mg of Cyclohexamide, 20, 000u of Penicillin and 40mg of Streptomycin in 1,000ml of distilled water) in PVC phial containing 100gm of soil, it was gently agitated for an hour and lefted to be settled for 12 hours. The suspended solution obtained and a batch of horse hair were randomly distributed on a Petri dishfitted with blue cloths, then cultured at 24C'. The overall results obtained from this modified method were not as satisfying as that of the Vanbreuseghem method but a few advantages such as simplicity of the procedure and significantly lower laboratory contamination implicated its practicality. Furthermore, this method was also found to be useful in the first isolation of infected animal hairs, hair perforation tests and as a substitution for artificial media. For the cross mating, a patch of blue cloths was laid on top cf moist sterilized soil evenly spreaded on a Petri dish. Then hair-baiting procedure was performed and good results were obtained.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Dihydroergotamine ; Hair* ; Horses ; Penicillins ; Soil ; Streptomycin

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various application methods of one-step self-etch adhesives to microtensile resin-dentin bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six extracted human molars were used. The teeth were assigned randomly to twelve groups (n = 15), according to the three different adhesive systems (Clearfil Tri-S Bond, Adper Prompt L-Pop, G-Bond) and application methods. The adhesive systems were applied on the dentin as follows: 1) The single coating, 2) The double coating, 3) Manual agitation, 4) Ultrasonic agitation. Following the adhesive application, light-cure composite resin was constructed. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours, and prepared 15 specimens per groups. Then microtensile bond strength was measured and the failure mode was examined. RESULTS: Manual agitation and ultrasonic agitation of adhesive significantly increased the microtensile bond strength than single coating and double coating did. Double coating of adhesive significantly increased the microtensile bond strength than single coating did and there was no significant difference between the manual agitation and ultrasonic agitation group. There was significant difference in microtensile bonding strength among all adhesives and Clearfil Tri-S Bond showed the highest bond strength. CONCLUSIONS: In one-step self-etching adhesives, there was significant difference according to application methods and type of adhesives. No matter of the material, the manual or ultrasonic agitation of the adhesive showed significantly higher microtensile bond strength.
Adhesives ; Dentin ; Dihydroergotamine ; Humans ; Molar ; Resin Cements ; Tooth ; Ultrasonics ; Water

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between assessed pain, functional status, and emotional status in elderly women with dementia. METHODS: The method was a descriptive correlational design. Subjects were sampled from 75 elderly women with dementia who were resident in nursing home. and their pain, functional status(physical function, cognitive function), emotional status(depression, agitation) were measured. The collected data were analyzed for correlations between pain and functional status and for emotional status using the SPSS 11.0 statistical program. RESULTS: The pain degree of the aged women in dementia were as follows; between 0 and 27 points, average 4.04 points, which was a possible point extent. Looking at the grades in detail items, the wry face expression was shown highest, an average of 0.84 points. The relation with cognitive function was(r=-.259, p<.025) a minus relation. And the relation with physical function was (r=.406, p<.001) a plus one. The relation with depression was (r=.462, p<.001), plus one. And (r=.592, p<.001) a plus relation was found with agitation. CONCLUSION: Pain is associated with impaired functional and emotional status. Major efforts are needed to improve nursing assessment and management of pain in this cognitive impaired population.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Depression* ; Dihydroergotamine* ; Female ; Humans ; Nursing Assessment ; Nursing Homes

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of preemptive analgesia is still controversial. This study was designed to compare the effects of nalbuphine used in the pre-anesthesia period and after surgery for pain control when performing adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy in children. METHODS: Two hundreds four patients (aged 3 to 12 years) were randomly allocated into two groups: the preemptive group (group P, n = 98) and the intraoperative group (group I, n = 106). Nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg was administered into the patients before induction of anesthesia in group P and it was injected at least 10 minutes after the beginning of surgery in group I. The anesthesia was performed in the conventional fashion. The pain score, the sedation score and the agitation score were checked and recorded in the postanesthetic room (PAR) at arrival (0), at 15 minutes and at 30 minutes. RESULTS: The pain scores for PAR 0, 15 and 30 minutes were significantly lower in group I than those in group P. The other sedation scores or agitation scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nalbuphine used during the pre-anesthetic period was less effective than that used in the intraoperative period for pain control when performing adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy in children.
Adenoidectomy ; Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Child ; Dihydroergotamine ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Nalbuphine ; Tonsillectomy

Subaortic left brachiocephalic vein is a rare congenital anomaly that is sometimes found in the normal population. We report here on a case of subaortic left brachiocephalic vein that was detected incidentally by performing contrast transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with using agitated saline and computed tomography (CT).
Brachiocephalic Veins* ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Dihydroergotamine ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal