No abstract available.
Diet, High-Fat

No abstract available.
Adipocytes, Brown* ; Diet, High-Fat*

No abstract available.
Adipocytes, Brown* ; Diet, High-Fat*

The ketogenic diet (KD) is an established, effective, nonpharmacologic treatment for children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Although the KD is the most well-established dietary therapy for epilepsy, it is too restrictive and is associated with serious complications; therefore, alternative lower-fat diets, including a modified Atkins diet and low-glycemic index diet, have been developed. Recent ongoing clinical evidence suggests that other dietary therapies have an efficacy almost comparable to that of the KD. In addition, a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids appears to increase the efficacy of diet therapy and reduce the complications of a high-fat diet. Here, we review the systematic information about lower-fat diets and better-quality dietary therapies and the current clinical status of each of these dietary approaches.
Child ; Diet ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Diet, High-Fat ; Epilepsy ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Humans ; Ketogenic Diet

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endothelial dysfunction is an early change in the process of atherosclerosis. To evaluate endothelial function, expensive and specialized medical devices like high-resolution vascular ultrasound are necessary. Therefore, we sought to compare this atherosclerotic parameter of endothelial function using the inexpensive and simple method of peripheral pulse arrival time (PPAT) measurement. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Before and after meals, we measured PPAT and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Resting PPAT in both arms was measured with a PPAT device that was designed by the authors. Hyperemic effect was tested in both arms after raising the blood pressure to 250 mmHg for 5 minutes by using a blood pressure cuff, after which the cuff was released to 0 mmHg. PPAT was measured within the first 1 minute to observe the hyperemic response. FMD was measured in the same process by 7 MHz high-resolution ultrasound in the left brachial artery. The percent change was calculated from the baseline value and that of the hyperemic response. RESULTS: In low-fat diet, PPAT change was not different (3.8% vs. 4.7%, p>0.05). In high-fat diet, PPAT tended to be shorter, but without statistical significance (4.8% vs. 2.7%, p>0.05). In low-fat diet, the change of FMD was not different (11.7% vs. 11.4%, p>0.05). In high-fat diet, there was a significant difference in FMD (11.4% vs. 6.5%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The PPAT measurement could be a method for evaluating endothelial function, but is less sensitive than flow-mediated vasodilation.
Arm ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Brachial Artery ; Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Diet, High-Fat ; Meals ; Ultrasonography ; Vasodilation

It appears that a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet is more effective in weight loss than conventional low-fat diets for short-term periods of approximately 6 months. However, for long-term periods of about 1 year or more, the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet are reduced and the difference in weight loss between low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets disappears. A low-carbohydrate diet can lead to low triglycerides and high HDL cholesterol, and may even lead to an increase in LDL cholesterol. The effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on glycemic control are not clear, and there is no effect on blood pressure. A low-carbohydrate diet may lead to cardiovascular disease, and can increase cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Diet ; Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Diet, High-Fat ; Mortality ; Triglycerides ; Weight Loss

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a Pholiota adiposa extract on fat mass in hyperlipidemic mice fed on a high-fat diet. The water extracts from P. adiposa (ASI 24018) were not affected in the total triglyceride contents and epididymal fat mass in mice fed on a high-fat diet, but the retroperitoneal fat mass decreased significantly. This result suggests that the P. adiposa extract may be a potential candidate for use as a functional food that can act as a prophylactic against hyperlipidemia. However, the P. adiposa extract showed no effect in the total triglyceride contents and epididymal fat mass.
Animals ; Diet, High-Fat ; Functional Food ; Hyperlipidemias ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Mice* ; Pholiota* ; Triglycerides ; Water

OBJECTIVETo realize the oxidative damage of kidney mitochondrial complex in obese rats induced by high-fat diet and investigate the protective effects of sulforaphane against the damage.

METHODSEighty-eight adult male SD rats were used, after 1 week adaptability feeding, 8 rats were selected as control group and given low-fat diet. The other 80 rats were given high-fat diet. After 2 weeks, the 32 diet-induced obesity models were choosen whose weight gain was higher than 40%. The 32 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e. high fat group, high fat+sulforaphane low dose group, high fat+sulforaphane middle dose group and high fat+sulforaphane high dose group. The rats in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were orally administered with sulforaphane 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, all the 4 groups were kept feeding high-fat diet for 5 weeks. All rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were removed to assay the index of oxidative damages.

RESULTSThe content of ROS (0.26 ± 0.04) and MDA((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg) in the hight-fat group were significantly higher than those in the control group((0.20 ± 0.02),(0.57 ± 0.08) U/mg)(t values were -3.02 and -4.72, P < 0.05). The activity of T-AOC((0.43 ± 0.04) U/mg) and MMP (12.09 ± 1.56) were lower than the control group ((0.48 ± 0.04 U/mg, (16.08 ± 3.12) )(t values were 2.06 and 2.28, P < 0.05). Gavage intervention with sulforaphane, the MDA amount ((0.67 ± 0.05), (0.55 ± 0.05), (0.56 ± 0.07) U/mg) in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were lower than the hight-fat group ((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg (t values were 3.65, 5.71 and 5.60. P < 0.05). The activity of T-AOC ((0.49 ± 0.05), (0.55 ± 0.05), (0.54 ± 0.04) U/mg), T-SOD ((61.07 ± 2.79), (55.95 ± 2.39), (60.26 ± 6.02) U/mg) and the level of MMP ((17.17 ± 2.52), (18.24 ± 2.54), (18.21 ± 3.65)) were higher than in the high-fat group ((0.43 ± 0.04) U/mg,(47.22 ± 2.43) U/mg,(12.09 ± 1.56)) (tT-AOC values were -2.36, -4.83 and -4.30; tT-SOD values were -6.37, -4.71 and -5.99; tMMP values were -2.90, -3.52 and -3.50, P < 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px in the sulforaphane low and middle dose groups ((69.12 ± 8.63), (64.43 ± 6.58) U/mg) were higher than those in the high-fat group((53.03 ± 5.70) U/mg)(t values were -3.82 and -2.71, P < 0.05). But there were no significant difference between the high dose group ((60.02 ± 7.05) U/mg) and the high-fat group (t = -1.66, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigh-fat diet can induce the mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction in kidney, and sulforaphane shows protective effect on the kidney mitochondrial complex from oxidative damage in obese rats induced by high-fat diet.

Animals ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Isothiocyanates ; Kidney ; Male ; Mitochondria ; Obesity ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains

Hyperplasia of the uninary bladder epithelium in Wistar strain female rats after administration of 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine(BBN) was examined histologically and the effect of fat diet on the development of hyperplasia of the urinary bladder was studied. Hyperplasia of the urinary bladder epithelium was consistently observed after 4 weeks, and its extent increased with the period of BBN administration. Some of the hyperplastic lesion, showed a tendency to regress following removal of the carcinogenic stimuli. High fat diet has no effect on hyperplastic change of the urinary bladder in rats.
Animals ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Epithelium* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Normal diet, high protein high fat diet and high carbohydrate diet were prepared and given to young male white rats to study the effects of the diets on the prostatic concentration of citric acid. Also, the effects of exogenous testosterone propionate, castration and exogenous testosterone propionate and on sexual activity were studied. The first experiment was a 60 day observation. In the controls and among the animals administered testosterone propionate, the prostate-body weight ratio was higher in the high protein, high fat diet group than in the groups fed high carbohydrate and normal diets. The prostatic citrate, however, was higher in the high carbohydrate diet group. By administration of testosterone propionate, citric acid concentration of the prostate was higher in the high protein, high fat diet group and sexual activity in this group caused a more marked increase in the prostatic citrate concentration. The second experiment was continued for 203 days. The high protein, high fat diet caused an increase in the prostate-body weight ratio and a relatively higher but insignificant concentration of prostatic citrate. Sexual activity did not cause an increase in the prostatic citrate concentration. Concentration of the prostatic citrate can not be taken as an index of androgenic activity.
Animals ; Castration ; Citric Acid* ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior ; Testosterone Propionate