1.Surgical Approach to the Juxtasellar Meningioma.
Byung Kyu CHO ; Hyun Jip KIM ; Kil Soo CHOI
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1981;10(1):269-274
Meningioma of the sellar and parasellar origins grows usually to enormous size having complicated anatomical relations with olfactory and optic nerves, internal carotid artery and its major branches, cavernous sinus, and ventral diencephalons, so as daren't attack them. Visual failure, symptom and signs of increased intrcranial pressure are the most important problems to be solved in the treatment. Three cases of juxtasellar meningioma, one tuberculum sellae, two medial sphenoid ridge were removed under special designs including craniotomy permitting bi-directional approaches, frontal polar wedge resection, and pursuit of major vessels etc., and it was felt that complete removal with functional recovery used not to be always impossible in some cases. Technical problems and results are reported.
Carotid Artery, Internal
;
Cavernous Sinus
;
Craniotomy
;
Diencephalon
;
Meningioma*
;
Optic Nerve
2.Detection of somatostatin mRNA by in situ hybridization histochemistry in the rat brain; I. telencephalon and diencephalon.
Korean Journal of Anatomy 1991;24(1):93-101
No abstract available.
Animals
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Brain*
;
Diencephalon*
;
In Situ Hybridization*
;
Rats*
;
RNA, Messenger*
;
Somatostatin*
;
Telencephalon*
3.Temporal-spatial Generation of Astrocytes in the Developing Diencephalon.
Wentong HONG ; Pifang GONG ; Xinjie PAN ; Zhonggan REN ; Yitong LIU ; Guibo QI ; Jun-Liszt LI ; Wenzhi SUN ; Woo-Ping GE ; Chun-Li ZHANG ; Shumin DUAN ; Song QIN
Neuroscience Bulletin 2024;40(1):1-16
Astrocytes are the largest glial population in the mammalian brain. However, we have a minimal understanding of astrocyte development, especially fate specification in different regions of the brain. Through lineage tracing of the progenitors of the third ventricle (3V) wall via in-utero electroporation in the embryonic mouse brain, we show the fate specification and migration pattern of astrocytes derived from radial glia along the 3V wall. Unexpectedly, radial glia located in different regions along the 3V wall of the diencephalon produce distinct cell types: radial glia in the upper region produce astrocytes and those in the lower region produce neurons in the diencephalon. With genetic fate mapping analysis, we reveal that the first population of astrocytes appears along the zona incerta in the diencephalon. Astrogenesis occurs at an early time point in the dorsal region relative to that in the ventral region of the developing diencephalon. With transcriptomic analysis of the region-specific 3V wall and lateral ventricle (LV) wall, we identified cohorts of differentially-expressed genes in the dorsal 3V wall compared to the ventral 3V wall and LV wall that may regulate astrogenesis in the dorsal diencephalon. Together, these results demonstrate that the generation of astrocytes shows a spatiotemporal pattern in the developing mouse diencephalon.
Mice
;
Animals
;
Astrocytes
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Neuroglia/physiology*
;
Diencephalon
;
Brain
;
Neurons
;
Mammals
4.A Case of Ophthalmofacial-Diencephalic Arteriovenous Malformation: A Variant of Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc Syndrome.
Kweon Beong CHAE ; Young Soo HA ; Chong Oon PARK ; Young KIM
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1992;21(6):734-738
Authors experienced a rare case of ophthalmofacial-diencephalic arteriovenous malformation, named Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome in 12 year-old girl. Clinically patient had an episode of frequent bleeding from the nose and gingival. Also she was left blindness of which the ophthalmologist gave the warning for cerebral hemorrhage because of the tangled, engorged vessels in left fundus. The multiple nidus on angiography revealed on left intraorbital, maxillopalatal, hypothalamic and basal ganglia area. Surgery underwent for huge intracerebral hematoma. The patient passed away due to rebleeding 15 months after initial hemorrhage.
Angiography
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Arteriovenous Malformations*
;
Basal Ganglia
;
Blindness
;
Cerebral Hemorrhage
;
Child
;
Diencephalon
;
Female
;
Hematoma
;
Hemorrhage
;
Humans
;
Nose
;
Orbit
5.Functional Neuroanatomy of Brain Stem.
Brain & Neurorehabilitation 2014;7(2):93-100
The brain stem consists of medulla oblongta, pons and midbrain. It is sited in posterior cranial fossa. It contains numerous intrinsic neuron cell bodies and their processes, some of which are the brain stem homologues of spinal neuronal groups. These include the sites of termination and cells of origin of axons that enter or leave the brain stem through the cranial nerves. Cranial nerves provide sensory, motor and autonomic innervations of structures that are mostly in the head and neck. The reticular formation is an extensive network of neurons that extends throughout the length of brain stem and is continuous rostrally to diencephalon and caudally to its spinal counterpart. Clinically, damage to the brain stem is often devastating and life threatening. This is because it is a structurally and functionally compact region. Therefore, it is important to build basic knowledge about neuroanatomy of brain stem.
Axons
;
Brain Stem*
;
Cranial Fossa, Posterior
;
Cranial Nerves
;
Diencephalon
;
Head
;
Mesencephalon
;
Neck
;
Neuroanatomy*
;
Neurons
;
Pons
;
Reticular Formation
6.Anti-Ma2-Associated Encephalitis Presenting as Hypersomnia.
Ji Yeong JANG ; Soon Won PARK ; You Jin CHOI ; Yoon Jung KANG ; Han Jin CHO ; Jiyoung KIM
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 2016;34(3):228-230
Anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis is one of the paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. It has been shown to be associated with various neoplasms, mainly testicular, lung, and breast cancers. Most patients with anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis present limbic-diencephalic-brainstem dysfunctions such as seizure, mood disorder, excessive daytime sleepiness, and ophthalmoparesis. Some patients develop symptoms indicating the multifocal involvement of the limbic system, diencephalon, or brainstem. However, there are few case studies of anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis presenting as isolated hypersomnia. We report a case of anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis presenting as hypersomnia.
Brain Stem
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Breast
;
Diencephalon
;
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence*
;
Encephalitis*
;
Humans
;
Limbic System
;
Lung
;
Mood Disorders
;
Ophthalmoplegia
;
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
;
Seizures
7.Distribution of trkA in cerebral cortex and diencephalon of the mongolian gerbil after birth.
Il Kwon PARK ; Xilin HOU ; Kyung Youl LEE ; O Sung PARK ; Kang Yi LEE ; Min Young KIM ; Tae Sun MIN ; Geun Jwa LEE ; Won Sik KIM ; Moo Kang KIM
Journal of Veterinary Science 2004;5(4):303-307
TrkA is essential components of the high-affinity NGF receptor necessary to mediate biological effects of the neurotrophins NGF. Here we report on the expression of trkA in the cerebral cortex and diencephalon of mongolian gerbils during postnatal development. The expression of trkA was identified by immunohistochemical method. In parietal cortex and piriform cortex, higher levels of trkA-IR (immunoreactivity) were detected at 3 days postnatal (P3) and at P9. Although trkA was not expressed till P3 in the parietal cortex, it was detectable at birth in the piriform cortex. Several regions, such as Layers I, IV & VI, did not show much expression. Layer I showed especially weak labeling. In the hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus, higher levels of trkA-IR were detected at P6 and P12 than earlier days. But trkA was not expressed at birth in the hippocampus, at P3 in the reticular thalamic nucleus (Rt), or neonatally in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DM). This data shows that expression of trkA is developmentally regulated and suggests that high affinity neurotrophin-receptors mediate a transient response to neurotrophines in the cerebral cortex and diencephalon during mongolian gerbil brain ontogeny.
Animals
;
Animals, Newborn
;
Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism
;
Diencephalon/*metabolism
;
Gerbillinae/*metabolism
;
Immunohistochemistry/veterinary
;
Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
;
Receptor, trkA/*metabolism
8.A Case Report of Osler-Rendu-Weber Syndrome.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine 1997;21(4):808-
The Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome is characterized by multiple telangiectasic lesions usually involving the mucous membranes, face and distal extremities. It is a congenital malformation inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and the lesions usually appear during adulthood. The major symptoms are recurrent epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding, but they may cause intracranial hemorrhage at the white matter of the brain stem, cerebellum and diencephalon. We report a case of typical autosomal dominant trait Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome associated with intracranial hemorrhage at the right basal ganglia.
Basal Ganglia
;
Brain Stem
;
Cerebellum
;
Diencephalon
;
Epistaxis
;
Extremities
;
Hemorrhage
;
Intracranial Hemorrhages
;
Mucous Membrane
;
Stroke
;
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
9.Immunohistochemical Localization of a Dopamine Releasing Protein in Human Brain.
Ki Young SHIN ; Sang Do BAE ; Jung Joong KIM ; Seong Man NAU ; Myeong Ok KIM ; Kyung Je CHO ; Bong Hee LEE ; Wan sung CHOI ; Hyun Joon SOHN ; Sang Ho BAIK
Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology 1994;7(2):171-186
In order to elucidate the existence and locality of DARP in the human brain, immunohistochemical identification was done in the brain tissues. This glycoprotein was distributed in paraventricular nucleus and thalamic reticular nucleus of diencephalon, substantia nigra and inferior colliculus of mesencephalon, medial vestibular nucleus, medial longitudinal nucleus, lateral reticular nucleus of medulla oblongata. And they follows a close distribution to that of catecholamine (CA) rich in either CA fiber or CA neuronal cell groups as previously reported by others using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) as a marker. This striking similarities in the topographic arrangement of the DARP-positive reaction product and the TH-positive reaction product is another argument favoring the view that DARP is involved in the regulation of catecholaminergic neurons.
Brain*
;
Diencephalon
;
Dopamine*
;
Glycoproteins
;
Humans*
;
Inferior Colliculi
;
Medulla Oblongata
;
Mesencephalon
;
Neurons
;
Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus
;
Strikes, Employee
;
Substantia Nigra
;
Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
;
Vestibular Nuclei
10.Auditory Brainstem Evoked Potential Responses in Focal Brain Lesions.
Joon Ki KANG ; Byung Il JO ; Min Woo PAIK ; Dal Soo KIM ; Choon Wong HUH ; Young Soo HA ; Jin Un SONG
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1983;12(1):95-107
Brainstem auditory response abnormalities directly reflect disturbance of neural function rather than the underlying anatomic cause of that disturbance. The test has advantage in detecting lesions that alter electrophysiology but do not produce detectable alterations of radiodensity, displace surrounding structures or change vascular supply and permeability. A sequence of seven low-amplitude potentials that occur in the initial 10 msec following click signals can be recorded from scalp electrodes in 44 patient with focal brain lesions using computer averaging techniques. The potentials, termed auditory brainstem responses, are thought to be the far-field reflection of electrical events originating in the auditory pathway during its course through the brainstem. We have studied auditory brainstem evoked potential responses in a variety of focal brain lesions and found them to be of assistance in evaluating the localization of pontomedullary, pons, midbrain, thalamus, subcortical and functional recovery. 1) Distortion of early components (type I) was occured in the brainstem lesions. 2) Distortion of late components (type II) was developed in the diencephalon or subcortical lesions. 3) Distortion of all components (type III) was developed in the brainstem and diffuse brain contusions. 4) Serial recordings provided information about the evolution of brain stem lesions and good functional recovery marker.
Auditory Pathways
;
Brain Injuries
;
Brain Stem*
;
Brain*
;
Diencephalon
;
Electrodes
;
Electrophysiology
;
Evoked Potentials*
;
Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
;
Humans
;
Mesencephalon
;
Permeability
;
Pons
;
Scalp
;
Thalamus