Using same TDE factors, the authors studied the effects of whole abdominal irradiation on body weight and peripheral blood picture in 30±3 day old mice. Fractions of 100 and 200 cGy were given five times a week to the final TDF factors 17, 33, and 49. Total 80 mice were irradiated with orthovoltage x-ray machine. Our results can be summarized as follows: There were no significant differences by sex. Body weight was progressively decreased by the duration for irradiation, but no remarkable difference by fractional dose. Hemoglobin level showed no remarkable change by fractional dose or TDF factors. Leukopenic changes showed that severity of decrease seems to be more related to TDF factors. There were no significant changes of differential count by TDF factors of total doses.
Animals ; Body Weight* ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Mice*

Therapeutic ionizing radiation can damage the permanent pacemaker. Reimplantation of pacemaker should be considered when the pacemaker site is included in the radiation field. We report a case of successful repositioning of preexisting pacemaker generator and leads with subcutaneous tunneling method across the sternum instead of insertion of new leads in a female patient with breast cancer who had DDD pacemaker.
Breast Neoplasms ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Female ; Humans ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Replantation ; Sternum

BACKGROUND: Recently, the 2nd generation IPL with a filtered xenon flash lamp has been widely used in the dermatologic field. In disagreement with the manufacturer's intent, for Asian skin, there were some reports that the best results for vascular lesions were obtained with the PR applicator, while the best results for pigmented lesions were obtained with the VL applicator. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of two different (530~750 nm PR applicator and the 555~950 nm VL applicator) wavelength bands of 2nd generation IPL in Korean photo-rejuvenation. In addition, we compared the improvement of telangiectasia, irregular pigmentation, and overall patient' satisfaction for both settings. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with signs of photoaging skin including irregular pigmentation and telangiectasia were treated with 2nd generation IPL (Ellipse-Flex(R), DDD, Denmark) using a split-face comparative method, comparing both sides with respect to improvement of telangiectasia, irregular pigmentation, and overall patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Comparison of the efficacy and safety between the VL and PR applicators revealed that the VL applicator was not specific for vascular lesions and that the PR applicator was not specific for pigmented lesions. Additionally, VL is not better than PR for vascular lesions (p=0.80, McNemar test) and PR is not better than VL for pigmented lesions (p=0.80, McNemar test). Finally, improvements in skin texture were not significantly different between VL and PR (p=0.80, McNemar test). CONCLUSION: The two IPL wavelength bands were found to be effective in the treatment of photo-damaged facial skin. The difference between the two treatment procedures with regard to clinical efficacy and safety was not significant.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Humans ; Pigmentation ; Skin ; Telangiectasis ; Xenon

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The optimal AV delay should allow for the completion of the atrial contraction prior to the ventricular contraction, and provide for the longest diastolic filling and maximal stroke volume. This study evaluated the effects of the AV delay on the changes in heart functions, in patients with a DDD pacemaker and normal systolic function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients were enrolled. The pacing rate was set at 70 beats/min. The AV delay was lengthened in 20-25 msec step, from 100 to 250 msec. The stroke volume and diastolic parameters were measured by echocardiography for each AV delay. RESULTS: The changes in the stroke volume associated with the changes in the AV delay were not statistically significant. However, when viewing each individual patient, the optimal AV delay for each patient could be found. When comparing the stoke volumes obtained just before, just after, and during the maximal AV delay, a statistically significant difference was found (p< 0.05). The absolute value of the E/A ratio was less than 1. The pulmonic vein flow pattern was dominated by the systolic flow, but the changes were not statistically significant. There was a tendency for the E wave propagation slope to decrease. However, the absolute value was less than 40 cm/s, and the E/E' absolute ratio was more than 8, but neither showed any significant differences. CONCLUSION: In patients with a DDD pacemaker and normal systolic function, the diastolic parameters were abnormal, and the stroke volume affected by the change in the AV delay.
Diastole ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane* ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; Humans ; Stroke Volume ; Veins

A thorough knowledge about the branching variations of the femoral and deep femoral arteries is important in vascular reconstructive surgery of the proximal leg. The present study was done to describe the patterns of origin of the main branches of the femoral and deep femoral arteries in Koreans. The cadavers of 77 Koreans(male, 51 ; female, 26), who were 18-97 years old of time of death, were used in the present investigations and the femoral arteries of 152 sides(right side, 77 ; left side, 75) were observed. The femoral arteries of two left sides were excluded from this study because their branches were not clearly examined during dissection. The results were as follows : 1. Lateral circumflex femoral artery arose from the deep femoral artery in 78.9% and from the femoral artery in 21.1%. Significant differences between the right and left sides were not observed. 2. Medial circumflex femoral artery arose from the deep femoral artery in 77.0% and from the femoral artery in 22.4%. This artery arose more frequently from the femoral artery on the left side, and from the deep femoral artery on the right side in about a 9-10% differential respectively. In one case, the medial circumflex femoral artery arose from the lateral circumflex femoral artery on the left side. 3. The descending branch, which is normally a branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, arose from either the femoral or the deep femoral arteries in about 7% of the cases respectively. 4. The patterns of origin of the deep and circumflex femoral group of arteries were classified into 18 types. Each type is represented in three letters by using the initial of the deep femoral artery (D) or femoral artery (F) or lateral circumflex femoral artery (L) in the order of origin of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery and descending branch. Types DDL(49.3%), FDL(18.4%) and DFL(15.1%) constituted the three major types on both sides. In addition, seven types (DFD, FFL, DDD, DDF, DFF, DLL and FDF) were found on the left side and three types (DDF, DDD and DFD) on the right side.
Adult* ; Arteries ; Cadaver ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Female ; Femoral Artery* ; Humans ; Leg

Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia(PMT) is a circus movement tachycardia that can occur in patients with dual chamber pacemaker with atrial sensing(VDD or DDD), when a ventricular depolarization, either spontaneous or paced, causes retrograde activation of the atrium. Recently, a number of pacemaker manufactures have incorporated in their devices a variety of relatively complex algorithms to prevent PMT. Despite these measures, PMT may still occur because of inappropriate programming or unpredictable variations of ventriculoatrial conduction. We report one case of PMT in a 78-year-old male who received DDD type pacemaker due to sick sinus syndrome. In this case, PMT was disappeared after reprogramming parameters of pacemaker and the application of PMT protection algorithm.
Aged ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Humans ; Male ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; Tachycardia*

Type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (Dense deposit disease ) is an acquired primary glomerular disease characterized by electron microscopic evidence of a continuous dense membrane deposition replacing the lamina densa. It is a subtype of idiopathic membra- noproliferative glomrulonephritis, and was described as a separate entity by Berger and Galle in 1963. It frequently occurs in older chilren and young adults and the clinical course is variable, but is generally progressive. The presenting feature is nephrotic syndrome in many patients, and proteinuria and hematuria are also seen frequently. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of DDD (Dense deposit disease) from a 10 year old boy who was diagnosed as a acute poststreptococcal glomurulonephritis with protenuria, hematuria, and facial edema by renal biopsy 4 years ago.
Biopsy ; Child ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane* ; Edema ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Membranes ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Proteinuria ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dual-chamber pacing is commonly used as a pacing mode maintaining at-rioventricular synchrony. However, traditional technique for atrial J lead implantation is relatively time-consuming and not easy to get optimal sites for both atrial and ventricular leads, especially for less-experienced operators. We developed a new "push technique" for atrial J lead implantation. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study included sixty-two consecutive patients (26 males 36 females, 55+/-10 years, 56 patients received DDD and 6 received AAI pacemakers) from Jan. 1992 through Dec. 1996. Atrial J leads were implanted using a "push technique", that is, simply advancing a straightened lead while holding the stylet in the pacing lead at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. We evaluated the early and long-term result of atrial J lead implantation by the "push technique". RESULTS: 1) Atrial leads were successfully inserted by the first or second trial of the "push technique" in the 62 patients (100%). The sensed P wave amplitude was 3.1+/-1.0 mV, pacing threshold 0.6+/-0.2 V at the pulse width of 0.5 ms, impedance 547.4+/-118.5 ohms at 5 V. 2) During follow-up of 28.1+/-15.7 months, significant changes in the pacing parameters and the dislodgement of atrial leads were not seen. CONCLUSION: The early and long-term result of atrial J lead implantation by the "push technique" was excellent. This "push technique" can be used as an easy alternative technique for atrial J lead implantation.
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Electric Impedance ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Male ; Vena Cava, Superior

Fusion surgery remains the gold standard for surgical treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). However, fusion surgery has many intrinsic problems related to altered biomechanics and balance. Total disc replacement (TDR) has received increasing attention over the last several years because of its capacity for both functional and symptomatic improvement and its avoidance of problems intrinsic to fusion surgery. Artificial disc replacement is not a new concept, the first attempts having been undertaken in the early 1950s. However, during the past 15 years, considerable advances have been made, with clinical success noted in several prospective randomized studies and mid-long term retrospective studies. Proper patient selection and surgical technique are key factors in achieving a successful outcome. TDR plays a limited role and has limited indications for replacing fusion surgery in patients with lumbar DDD. The main goal of TDR is restoration of normal intervertebral disc function. Varying degrees of motion can be restored through TDR; however, the pattern of motion and center of rotation are not physiologic. In spite of some favorable reports, many TDR-related problems remain to be solved. Successful disc function is measured not only in terms of quantity of motion, but also in terms of quality of motion and shock energy absorption capacity. For successful repair to be declared, facet unloading should be achieved, and fatigue strength should be improved. New procedures should be characterized by a reduction in the technical problems of implantation and retrieval. We expect that the next generation of TDR will overcome the limitations of first generation TDR. This therapeutic modality shows much promise for the treatment of lumbar DDD.
Absorption ; Biomechanics ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Patient Selection ; Shock ; Total Disc Replacement

More than 10 years have passed since lumbar total disc replacement (LTDR) was introduced for the first time to the world market for the surgical management of lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). It seems like the right time to sum up the relevant results in order to understand where LTDR stands on now, and is heading forward to. The pathogenesis of DDD has been currently settled, but diagnosis and managements are still controversial. Fusion is recognized as golden standard of surgical managements but has various kinds of shortcomings. Lately, LTDR has been expected to replace fusion surgery. A great deal of LTDR reports has come out. Among them, more than 5-year follow-up prospective randomized controlled studies including USA IDE trials were expected to elucidate whether for LTDR to have therapeutic benefit compared to fusion. The results of these studies revealed that LTDR was not inferior to fusion. Most of clinical studies dealing with LTDR revealed that there was no strong evidence for preventive effect of LTDR against symptomatic degenerative changes of adjacent segment disease. LTDR does not have shortcomings associated with fusion. However, it has a potentiality of the new complications to occur, which surgeons have never experienced in fusion surgeries. Consequently, longer follow-up should be necessary as yet to confirm the maintenance of improved surgical outcome and to observe any very late complications. LTDR still may get a chance to establish itself as a substitute of fusion both nominally and virtually if it eases the concerns listed above.
Diagnosis ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Prospective Studies ; Total Disc Replacement*