Marssonina coronaria associated with apple blotch disease causes severe premature defoliation, and is widely distributed in Korea. Thirteen isolates were collected from orchards located in Gyeongbuk Province from 2005~2007. All isolates displayed over 99.6% and 99.2% sequence similarity to each other in internal transcribed spacer regions and partial sequences of 28S rDNA, respectively. The isolates were phylogenetically closely related to Chinese isolates. Selected isolates did not differ in their pathogenicity. The optimum conditions for fungal growth were 20degrees C and pH 6 on peptone potato dextrose agar (PPDA). Peptone and mannose were the best nitrogen and carbon source, respectively. Fungal growth was better on PPDA than on common potato dextrose agar. This study provides valuable information for integrated disease management program and facilitates the routine culturing of M. coronaria.
Agar ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carbon ; Diazonium Compounds ; Disease Management ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Korea ; Mannose ; Nitrogen ; Peptones ; Phylogeny ; Pyridines ; Solanum tuberosum

OBJECTIVETo screen out fungus strains with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from Huperzia serrata.

METHODEndophytic fungi fermentation products from 59 H. serrata strains were stained with acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzed alpha-naphthaleneacetic ethyl ester and fast blue B salt, and screened for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with thin-layer chromatography-bioautography. Target strains were classified and identified through the sequence analysis on 18s rDNA and 5.8s rDNA combined with morphological characteristics.

RESULTFungus strain LQ2F01 from H. serrata showed positive color reaction in the screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The sequence analysis on 18s rDNA and 5.8s rDNA combined with morphological characteristics showed the strain LQ2F01 belonged to Acremonium.

CONCLUSIONEndophytic Fungi LQ2F01 from H. serrata shows identical acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with the host plant, which is of great significance to the development of natural medicines and the studies on the relationship between the endophytic gungi and the host plant.

Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Acremonium ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; DNA, Fungal ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Diazonium Compounds ; metabolism ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Huperzia ; microbiology ; Hydrolysis ; Naphthaleneacetic Acids ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; classification ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S ; classification ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVES: It is the objective of this research to identify the variation of thiodiglycolic acid (TdGA) in urine with vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) exposure levels through methylation. METHODS: After rats were exposed to vinyl chloride monomer of 4 levels, 0 mg/m3, 50 mg /m3, 150 mg/m3, 500 mg/m3, respectively, of which urine was sampled in each sampling time of 0 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours. After urine had been methylated with diazomethane in the preliminary experiment and the peak of 146 m/z had been verified, the main experiment was done. RESULTS: In the variation of TdGA with sampling times, concentration of TdGA increased rapidly in 4 hours and then decreased after 8 hours. When the variation of urinary .TdGA concentration in urine according to exposure level of VCM was verified through Kruskal-Wallis statistical method at each sampling time, the significant increment with the exposure levels at 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours after exposure was clarified. CONCLUSION: TdGA concentration in urine with increment of VCM exposure level increased, especially significantly at 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours of sampling time.
Animals ; Diazomethane ; Methylation ; Rats* ; Vinyl Chloride*