No abstract available.
Diatomaceous Earth* ; Pneumoconiosis*

No abstract available.
Diatomaceous Earth* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Pneumoconiosis*

We investigated a novel process for production of ethanol from glycerol using the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus. After optimization of the fermentation medium, repeated-batch flask culture was performed over a period of 378 hr using yeast cells immobilized on Celite. Our results indicated that the use of Celite for immobilization of P. tannophilus was a practical approach for ethanol production from glycerol, and should be suitable for industrial ethanol production.
Diatomaceous Earth* ; Ethanol* ; Fermentation ; Glycerol* ; Immobilization ; Yeasts*

BACKGROUND: High-dose aprotinin has been reported to enhance the anticoagulant effects of heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass ; hence, som authors have advocated reducing the dose of heparin in patients treated with aprotinin. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The ACT was measured before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass, with Hemochron 801 system using two activators of celite (C-ACT) and kaolin (K-ACT) as surface activator. From June, 1996 to February, 1997, 22 adult patients who were scheduled for elective operation were enrolled in this study. RESULT: The ACT without heparin did not differ between C-ACT and K-ACT. At 30 minutes after anticoagulation with heparin and cardiopulmonary bypass, the average C-ACT was 928+/-400 s; K-ACT was 572+/-159s (p<0.05). After administration of protamine, C-ACT was 137+/-26 s; K-ACT was 139+/-28s, which were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the significant increase in the ACT during heparin-induced anticoagulation in the presence of aprotinin was due to the use of celite as surface activator, rather than due to enhanced anticoagulation of heparin by aprotinin. We conclude that the ACT measured with kaolin provides better monitoring of cardiac surgical patients treated with high dose aprotinin than does the ACT measured with celite. The patients treated with aprotinin should receive the usual doses of heparin.
Adult ; Aprotinin* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Diatomaceous Earth* ; Heparin ; Humans ; Kaolin*

BACKGROUND: Activated coagulation time (ACT) is commonly used to guide heparin and protamine dosing during cardiovascular surgery. There are many factors that influence the ACT such as time of test, hemodilution, temperature, aprotinin and etc. We considered the other factor that influence the ACT, the route of blood sample. METHODS: This study included 40 patients who were scheduled for cardiac surgery. Whole blood was sampled through arterial and central venous line at 10 minutes after surgical incision and heparin administration. The ACT was measured with Hemochron 801 blood coagulation timer with 12 mg of celite surface activator. RESULTS: At 10 minutes after surgical incision and heparin administration, arterial blood and venous blood ACTs were 127 20, 537 214 seconds and 118 18, 496 145 seconds respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the venous blood ACT is more less than arterial blood ACT during cardiovascular surgery.
Aprotinin ; Blood Coagulation ; Diatomaceous Earth ; Heart* ; Hemodilution ; Heparin ; Humans ; Thoracic Surgery*

The purpose of this study was to search the influences of the increase of the contents of sodium algi-nate in the experimental alginates on the some mechanical properties. 3 commercial alginates were selected for the purpose of comparison of the results of experiments. 7 experimental alginates were manufactured with the rise of contents of sodium alginate from 8.8% to 18.3% with the decrease of contents of diatomaceous earth and with the constant contents of calcium sulfate 12.5%, sodium phosphate 2.2%, zinc fluoride 2.0%. Splitable metal mold with 12.5mm diameter and 20.0mm height was filled with mixed alginate to prepare the cylinder shaped specimens. Strain in compression, elastic recovery, compressive strength were tested using the ISO specification number 1563, alginate impression material. Experimental groups were 7, and 10 specimens were used for each test items and each groups. Following results were obtained; 1. Strain in compression was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p=0.0077, r2=0.6302). 2. Elastic recovery was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents but was not significant(p=0.0639, r2=0.7449). 3. Compressive strength was increased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p<0.0001, r2=0.9617). These results mean that the increase of sodium alginate contents make alginate harder but may result the increased permanent deformation.
Alginates ; Calcium Sulfate ; Compressive Strength* ; Diatomaceous Earth ; Fluorides ; Fungi ; Sodium* ; Zinc

Adult ; Diatomaceous Earth ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pneumoconiosis ; etiology

BACKGROUND: High-dose aprotinin appears to enhance the anticoagulant effects of heparin, as documented by increases in the activated clotting times (ACTs) during cardiopulmonary bypass. This increase of the ACT in the presence of aprotinin and heparin is due to the use of celite as surface activator. We compared celite and kaolin as surface activators for the measurement of the ACT in cardiac surgical patients treated with high dose aprotinin. METHODS: This study included 25 patients who were scheduled for coronary bypass graft surgery and reoperation of cardiac valvular surgery. The 2 million units of aprotinin were added to the pump prime of heart-lung machine. The dosage of heparin and protamine was 3 mg/kg respectively. Whole blood was sampled 10 minutes after induction, heparin administration, cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB), 10 minutes before the termination of CPB and 10 minutes after protamine administration. The ACT was measured with Hemochron 801 blood coagulation timer with 12 mg of either celite (C-ACT) or kaolin (K-ACT) used as surface activator. RESULTS: At 10 minutes after induction and heparin administration, celite and kaolin ACTs were l20+/-28, 541+/-247 seconds and 126+/-23, 559+/-267 seconds rcspectively. But 10 minutes after initiation of CPB and before the termination of CPB, celite ACTs were 941+/-238 and 787+/-277 seconds; kaolin ACTs were 605+/-182 and 499+65 seconds, which were consistently less than celite ACTs(p<0.01). At 10 minutes after protamine administration, celite ACT was 118+/-12 seconds and kaolin ACT was 142 56 seconds which was consistently more than celite ACT(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the K-ACT rather than C-ACT when monitoring of heparin-induced anticoagulation in patients treated with high-dose aprotinin. It is also highly recommended that patients being added with aprotinin should receive the usual doses of heparin and that the ACT should be measured with kaolin as the activator.
Aprotinin* ; Blood Coagulation ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Diatomaceous Earth* ; Heart-Lung Machine ; Heparin ; Humans ; Kaolin* ; Reoperation ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: High-dose aprotinin appears to enhance the anticoagulant effects of heparin, as documented by increases in the activated clotting times (ACTs) during cardiopulmonary bypass. This increase of the ACT in the presence of aprotinin and heparin is due to the use of celite as surface activator. We compared celite and kaolin as surface activators for the measurement of the ACT in cardiac surgical patients treated with high dose aprotinin. METHODS: This study included 25 patients who were scheduled for coronary bypass graft surgery and reoperation of cardiac valvular surgery. The 2 million units of aprotinin were added to the pump prime of heart-lung machine. The dosage of heparin and protamine was 3 mg/kg respectively. Whole blood was sampled 10 minutes after induction, heparin administration, cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB), 10 minutes before the termination of CPB and 10 minutes after protamine administration. The ACT was measured with Hemochron 801 blood coagulation timer with 12 mg of either celite (C-ACT) or kaolin (K-ACT) used as surface activator. RESULTS: At 10 minutes after induction and heparin administration, celite and kaolin ACTs were l20+/-28, 541+/-247 seconds and 126+/-23, 559+/-267 seconds rcspectively. But 10 minutes after initiation of CPB and before the termination of CPB, celite ACTs were 941+/-238 and 787+/-277 seconds; kaolin ACTs were 605+/-182 and 499+65 seconds, which were consistently less than celite ACTs(p<0.01). At 10 minutes after protamine administration, celite ACT was 118+/-12 seconds and kaolin ACT was 142 56 seconds which was consistently more than celite ACT(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the K-ACT rather than C-ACT when monitoring of heparin-induced anticoagulation in patients treated with high-dose aprotinin. It is also highly recommended that patients being added with aprotinin should receive the usual doses of heparin and that the ACT should be measured with kaolin as the activator.
Aprotinin* ; Blood Coagulation ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Diatomaceous Earth* ; Heart-Lung Machine ; Heparin ; Humans ; Kaolin* ; Reoperation ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Transplants

OBJECTIVETo study the preparation of seeding type immobilized microorganisms and their degradation characteristics on di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP).

METHODSDiatomite, clinoptilolite, silk zeolite, and coal fly ash were chosen as reserved materials and modified. Their adsorption capacity and intensity in the bacteria were determined and the best carrier was picked out. The seeding type immobilized microorganisms were prepared by the best carrier and then it degraded DBP under different primary concentration, vibration rate, pH, temperature in the presence of metal compounds.

RESULTSThe adsorption capacity of the modified coal fly ash, silk zeolite, clinoptilolite and zeolite was 44.2%, 71.6%, 84.0%, and 94.4%, respectively, which was 1.66, 1.49, 1.37, and 1.16 times as high as that of their natural state. Their adsorption intensity was 72.1%, 90.5%, 90.1%, and 91.1% in turn. The modified diatomite was selected to prepare the seeding type immobilized microorganisms. When the primary DBP concentration was 100 to 500 mg/L, the DBP-degraded rate of the immobilized microorganisms could be above 80%. The degradation activity of both the dissociative and immobilized microorganisms was higher in vibration than in stillness. When pH was 6.0 to 9.0, the DBP-degraded rate of the immobilized microorganisms was above 82%, which was higher than the dissociative microorganisms. When the temperature was between 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C, the DBP-degraded rate could reach 84.5% in 24 h. The metal compounds could inhibit the degradation activity of both the dissociative and immobilized microorganisms. The degradation process of the immobilized microorganisms could be described by the first-order model.

CONCLUSIONThe adsorption capacity of the diatomite, clinoptilolite, silk zeolite and coal fly ash on DBP-degrading bacteria can be improved obviously after they are modified. The modified diatomite is best in terms of its adsorption capacity and intensity. Its seeding type immobilized microorganisms could degrade DBP effectively and is more adaptable to DBP load, temperature, pH than the dissociative microorganisms. The metal compounds could inhibit the activity of both the immobilized and dissociative microorganisms. The degradation reaction of the immobilized microorganisms on DBP is consistent with the first-order model.

Adsorption ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biotechnology ; methods ; Cells, Immobilized ; Diatomaceous Earth ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Temperature ; Zeolites