Child ; Cryptosporidiosis ; complications ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; Cyclospora ; Cyclosporiasis ; complications ; Diarrhea ; complications ; Humans ; Hypoproteinemia ; complications ; Male

Bartter Syndrome ; complications ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Syndrome

Chronic Disease ; Diarrhea/etiology* ; Humans ; Obesity/complications* ; Syndrome

The disease course of children with persistent or chronic diarrhea lasts from two weeks to two months or over. Diarrhea is a clinical syndrome caused by a group of multiple etiologies. This paper reviews common causes of persistent or chronic diarrhea in children, including intestinal infections, nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases, food allergy, lactose intolerance, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, neural regulation abnormality, immunodeficiency disease, malnutrition, Celiac disease and zinc deficiency.
Child ; Chronic Disease ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Humans ; Infection ; complications ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; complications ; Lactose Intolerance ; complications ; Malnutrition ; complications ; Zinc ; deficiency

AIDS is a serious threat to human health and has become a global public health problem. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can effectively reduce AIDS mortality rate, but has limitations in improving the patient's symptoms and improve quality of life. The literatures about the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on HIV/AIDS were reviewed. The symptoms of HIV/AIDS and the procedures of treatments were analyzed. The acupuncture intervention on HIV/AIDS was investigated. It showed that the acupuncture intervention may markedly improve the condition of HIV/AIDS. From a clinical point of view, we discussed the acupuncture treatment of AIDS-related symptoms, effectiveness and safety evaluation. It may contribute to build a comprehensive treatment system in which acupuncture is dominated for HIV/AIDS.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Cough ; complications ; therapy ; Diarrhea ; complications ; therapy ; Herpes Zoster ; complications ; therapy ; Humans

This paper describes the first case of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and AA amyloidosis. A recently treated tuberculosis, and chronic inflammation induced by frequent respiratory tract infections, were thought to be responsible for the amyloidosis. No other reason for this condition could be detected. Although T cell dysfunction in some CVID patients has been reported, pulmonary tuberculosis is quite rare with this condition. Bacterial or viral agents or evidence in favour of intestinal tuberculosis, which would explain this patient's recurrent diarrhea, were not found. In this case, the response of the attacks of diarrhea to metranidazole and the histologic observation of extensive intestinal amyloid deposition, which is known to decrease intestinal motility, made us conclude that the diarrhea was associated with bacterial overgrowth. In this report, we discuss the association of CVID and tuberculosis to secondary amyloidosis and recurrent diarrhea.
Tuberculosis/*complications ; Male ; Humans ; Diarrhea/etiology ; Common Variable Immunodeficiency/*complications ; Amyloidosis/*etiology/pathology ; Adult

Adult ; Aged ; Anemia ; etiology ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; etiology ; Thymoma ; complications ; Thymus Neoplasms ; complications

Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes mellitus include diarrhea, constipation, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, and gastropathy. Diabetic gastropathy is well-described motility disorder probably caused by an automatic neuropathy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Diabetic gastropathy is rarely discrbed in pregnant women. We have experienced two cases of diabetic gastropathy in pregnant diabetic women. We report these cases with a review of literatures.
Constipation ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnant Women ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Natural disasters may lead to the outbreaks of infectious diseases because they increase the risk factors for infectious diseases. This paper reviews the risk factors for infectious diseases after natural disasters, especially earthquake, and the infectious diseases following disasters reported in recent years. The infectious diseases after earthquake include diarrhea, cholera, viral hepatitis, upper respiratory tract infection, tuberculosis, measles, leptospirosis, dengue fever, tetanus, and gas gangrene, as well as some rare infections. Children are vulnerable to infectious diseases, so pediatricians should pay more attention to the research on relationship between infectious diseases and natural disasters.
Child ; Communicable Diseases ; etiology ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; etiology ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Spirochaetales Infections ; complications ; diagnosis