Spleen kidney Yang deficiency (SKYD) diarrhea is a common syndrome in tranditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Until now, there is not an ideal SKYD diarrhea rat model for the research. In this study, we compared single factor way (method I, injecting hydrocortisone and gavaging Sennae Folium) with compound factors way(method II, gavaging adenine, improper diet, exhaustion, and gavaging Sennae Folium) on establishing SKYD diarrhea rat model. After modelling, diarrhea index, D-xylose excretory rate, NOS/cGMP signal transduction system, organ index and histopathology examination were used to evaluate the two ways. The results showed that, compared with health group, all the assessment criterias of method I and method II had significant differences (P < 0.01, 0.05). In addition, the index such as diarrhea index, NOS/cGMP signal transduction system, organ index (kidney, testis and thymus) and histopathology examination had significant differences (P < 0.01, 0.05) between method I and method II. In conclusion, the compound factors modelling method better conforms to the symptom of diarrhoea model caused by SKYD. This new modelling method provides a basis for studying on TCM astringents warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney, relieving diarrhea.
Animals ; Diarrhea ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Xylose ; metabolism ; Yang Deficiency ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; therapy ; Defecation ; Diarrhea ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male

No abstract available.
Animals ; Colon/*metabolism ; Constipation/*physiopathology ; Diarrhea/*physiopathology ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/*cytology ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*physiopathology ; Male ; Nociceptors/*physiology ; Receptor, PAR-2/*physiology

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children in Shanghai.

METHODThis study was conducted on the infants and young children who were below 24 months of age recruited consecutively from April 2008 to June 2008 from the 12 communities in Minhang district in Shanghai. The questionnaire on gastrointestinal symptoms and growth was sent to 5030 children < 24 months old. The age distribution of the 5030 children was: < 6 months: 1922 infants (38.2%), 6 - < 12 months: 1933 (38.4%) infants; 12 - < 18 months: 811 (16.1%) children; 18 - < 24 months: 364 (7.2%) children.

RESULTAmong the 5030 children, 1909 had gastrointestinal disorders (38.0%). There was no significant difference in the rate of the disorders between sexes (P = 0.06). Regurgitation was found in 899 (17.9%) infants/children, constipation in 690 (13.7%), 619 (12.3%) infants/children suffered from diarrhea and only 71 (1.4%) suffered from colic. The incidence of gastrointestinal disorders was significantly different among different age groups. The incidence of constipation and regurgitation decreased and the incidence of diarrhea increased with growth (P < 0.01). Infants growth parameters in the group with gastrointestinal disorders especially in those with regurgitation were lower than those without gastrointestinal disorders, the difference is statistically significant. The hospital visit rate of infants with diarrhea was 62.68%, which was higher than the rate of the other three symptoms (4.45% - 16.90%).

CONCLUSIONGastrointestinal disorders are common in infants and young children in Shanghai and may have a great impact on growth. Early management could relieve the disorders and ensure infants to get normal growth and development.

China ; epidemiology ; Colic ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Vomiting ; epidemiology

The study aims to observe the clinical efficacy of Baoerkang san on spleen-deficiency and dampness-obstructing diarrhea in children. Children diarrhea divided into acute diarrhea (group I) and chronic persistent diarrhea (group II). A randomized, double-blind, positive control test was conducted for dose finding. The 340 cases with acute diarrhea in group I were divided into three groups: the high dose group (112 patients), the low dose group (113 patients) and the positive control group (115 patients), which were treated for 3 days. Their clinical efficacies were compared to evaluate the clinical safety of Baoerkang san. The 167 patients with chronic persistent diarrhea in group If were divided into the high dose group (56 patients), the low dose group (55 patients) and the control group (56 patients), which were treated for 5 days. Their clinical efficacy were compared to evaluate the clinical safety of Baoerkang san. According to the results, the cure rate and the effective rate of acute diarrhea and chronic persistent diarrhea in the high dose group and the low dose group were significantly higher than that of the positive control group (P <0. 05, P < 0.01). In the treatment of spleen-deficiency and dampness-obstructing diarrhea with traditional Chinese medicines, the cure rate and the effective rate of acute diarrhea and chronic persistent diarrhea in the high dose group and the low dose group were significantly higher than that of the positive control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). During the test, all of the three groups did not suffer any adverse event, with no any abnormality in general physical indexes. In conclusion, Baoerkang san shows a significant efficacy in treating acute diarrhea and chronic persistent diarrhea (spleen-deficiency and dampness-obstructing) and safe clinical application.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Spleen ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy difference in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome between acupuncture in terms of soothing liver and strengthening spleen and western medication.

METHODSSeventy cases were randomized into an acupuncture group and a western medication group, 35 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, the conventional acupuncture was applied to Tianshu (ST 25), Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taichong (LR 3), etc. The electric stimulation was added at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25). The treatment was given once a day, 3 to 4 treatments required a week. In the western medication group, Pinaverium (Dicetel) was prescribed for oral administration, 50 mg each time, 3 times a day. The treatment of 4 weeks was taken as one session. Separately, before treatment and after one session of treatment, the clinical symptom score and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) score were observed for the patients in two groups. The efficacy and the recurrence rate were assessed in two groups.

RESULTSThe symptom score and IBS-QOL score were all improved significantly after treatment in two groups (all P < 0.01). The improvements in the acupuncture group were superior to those in the western medication group (all P < 0.01). The effective rate was 94.3% (33/35) in the acupuncture group, which was better than 77.1% (27/35) in the western medication group (P < 0.01). In 3 months, the recurrence rate was 36.4% (12/33) in the acupuncture group, which was remarkably lower than 72.0% (18/25) in the western medication group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture in terms of soothing liver and strengthening spleen achieves the superior efficacy on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome as compared with western medicine Pinaverium. It remarkably improves the quality of life for the patients and reduces the recurrence rate of the disease.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morpholines ; therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical efficacy of Buzhong Yiqi Pill (BYP) combined with imodium in treating post-operational diarrhea in patients undergoing colonic cancer surgery.

METHODSEighty patients with diarrhea after colorectal cancer surgery were randomized into two groups equally, the control group were treated with imodium (loperamide hydrochloride) and the treatment group treated by BYP combined with imodium. The therapeutic efficacy was analyzed and evaluated comprehensively depending upon a defecation check table developed from the XU Zhong-fa's 5-item 10-integrable system.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the improvements of the anal controlling capacity, the defecatory sensation, the frequency of defecation in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The integral function of defecation in the treatment group was obvionsly improved by the end of treatment when compared with before treatment and the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical efficacy of the BYP combined with imodium in treating post-operational diarrhea after colorectal cancer surgery were better than that of imodium alone.

Adult ; Aged ; Colonic Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Loperamide ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the regulatory effect of Huoxiang Zhengqi Extract (HZE) on the intestinal mobility in rat model of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS).

METHODSEighty experimental rats were randomly divided into two parts, forty in each. Rats in one part were used in the carbon powder experiment, while the rest rats were used in the gastrointestinal transit test. Rats in each part were divided into five groups, i.e., the blank control group, the model group, and the high, moderate, and low HZE treated groups, eight in each. Normal rats consisted of the blank control group. Except for the blank control group, D-IBS model was established by gastrogavage of senna at the dose of 0.2 g/mL at 25 degrees C with 2-h restraint stress of extremities for six successive days. After modeling, high (804 mg/kg), moderate (536 mg/kg), and low (268 mg/kg) dose HZE was respectively administered to rats of the three corresponding groups. Effect of HZE on the small intestine propulsion rate and serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as well as chromaffin cells in colonic epithelium (EC) were detected by carbon powder experiment, gastrointestinal transit test, nitrate reductase method, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, HZE could lower the small intestine propulsion rate of D-IBS model rats, attenuate the colon transition, improve serum NO level, lower 5-HT level, and lessen the amount of EC.

CONCLUSIONHZE showed regulatory effect on the intestinal function of D-IBS rats.

Animals ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sonographic (US) and clinical features of spontaneously reduced small bowel intussusception, and to discuss the management options for small bowel intussusception based on US findings with clinical correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a five years of period, 34 small bowel intussusceptions were diagnosed on US in 32 infants and children. The clinical presentations and imaging findings of the patients were reviewed. RESULTS: The clinical presentations included abdominal pain or irritability (n = 25), vomiting (n = 5), diarrhea (n = 3), bloody stool (n = 1), and abdominal distension (n = 1), in combination or alone. US showed multi-layered round masses of small (mean, 1.5+/-0.3 cm) diameters and with thin (mean, 3.5+/-1 mm) outer rims along the course of the small bowel. The mean length was 1.8+/-0.5 cm and peristalsis was seen on the video records. There were no visible lead points. The vascular flow signal appeared on color Doppler images in all 21 patients examined. Spontaneous reduction was confirmed by combinations of US (n = 28), small bowel series (n = 6), CT scan (n = 3), and surgical exploration (n = 2). All patients discharged with improved condition. CONCLUSION: Typical US findings of the transient small bowel intussusception included 1) small size without wall swelling, 2) short segment, 3) preserved wall motion, and 4) absence of the lead point. Conservative management with US monitoring rather than an immediate operation is recommended for those patient with typical transient small bowel intussusceptions. Atypical US findings or clinical deterioration of the patient with persistent intussusception warrant surgical exploration.
Abdomen/physiopathology ; Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestine, Small/*ultrasonography ; Intussusception/*ultrasonography ; Irritable Mood ; Male ; Occult Blood ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Vomiting/etiology

OBJECTIVETo study the AIDS-related chronic diarrhea in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical manifestations and syndrome factors, explore the characteristics of syndrome.

METHODA multicenter, prospective collection of 311 cases of AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea, study the characteristics of TCM syndrome by using the method of descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis.

RESULTThe common clinical manifestation of TCM: fatigue (229 cases, 73.63%), bowel (229 cases, 68.81%), diarrhea (194 cases, 62.38%), thin fur (201 cases, 64.63%), pink tongue (166 cases, 53.38%), greasy fur, thready pulse (126 cases, 40.51%), sink vein (64 cases, 20.58%), slippery pulse. 17 common factors were extracted, common disease syndrome factor as the spleen, stomach, liver, gallbladder and colon syndrome factors of disease, Qi, Yang deficiency, Qi stagnation, dampness and heat evil.

CONCLUSIONAIDS-related chronic diarrhea symptoms involving multiple organs, the disease belongs to deficiency and excess.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Diarrhea ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult