Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of pit pattern analysis on detection of early colorectal carcinoma. Methods 4176 patients were examined with colonoscopy and had the mucosal lesions stained with 0.4% indigo carmine, and part of them observed with magnifying endoscope and stereomicroscope, then compared the mucosal crypt patterns (the pit patterns Kudo classification) with pathologic diagnosis. Results There were 955 protruded and flat lesions on the large intestine mucosa in 752 patients, and among them there are 14 early cancers, 209 advanced cancers, 76Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅱc、Ⅱa+Ⅱc lesions. We also found 43 laterally spreading tumors (LST) ranging from 16 to 110 mm in diameter, 2 for pit Ⅱ,18 for pit Ⅲ L, 19 for pit Ⅳ, 1 for pit Ⅴ A, 1 for Ⅴ N. The pit pattern of the most non neoplastic lesions was type Ⅰ or Ⅱ, which is about 85.4% (303/355), and the type of the adenomas was type Ⅲ or Ⅳ, about 86.0% (504/586). All the invasive carcinomas'pit patterns were type Ⅴ and there were 8 for type Ⅴ (2 Ⅴ A, 6Ⅴ N) among 14 early carcinomas. Conclusion Pit pattern analysis is a very important tool to determine the nature of lesions, which helps to decide the kinds of later therapeutic intervention.

Objective To discuss the value of oral contrast ultrasonography (OCUS) in the screening of gastric and duodenal disease in asymptomatic people in rural communities.Methods An OCUS screening was conducted in 3240 residents of Chongming County in Shanghai. After taking oral ultrasonic contrast agent, real-time observation of cardia, gastric fundus, gastric body and gastric angle, gastric antrum and duodenal bulb was conducted for each subject to detect the cardiac diameter, the body of the stomach wall thickness, pyloric canal diameter and each part of the form and structure. All subjects with abnormal sonogram were examined by gastroscopy.Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency between OCUS screening results and pathological results.Results OCUS screening detected a total of 51 cases of various types of gastric and duodenal lesions, the total detection rate was 1.57％. The coincidence rate between screening results and gastroscopy/pathology examination was 93.75％ (45/48) with a good consistency (Kappa=0.905). Five cases of gastric cancer with the detection rate of 0.15％ (5/3240) were found.Conclusion OCUS can be used for the screening of gastric and duodenal diseases in the rural community, and it is worth further research and evaluation.

Objective:To construct the Discharge Readiness Assessment Scale of Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and evaluate its reliability and validity so as to provide a scientific assessment scale for clinical practice.Methods:The literature review, group discussion, expert consultation method and questionnaire survey method were used to construct the Discharge Readiness Assessment Scale of Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Based on the theory of knowledge, attitude and practice, the initial scale was developed through literature review. The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds expert consultation to develop the pre-test scale. From August to October 2020, a total of 230 pre-discharge patients from China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were selected as the research subjects. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested.Results:The formal scale included 32 items and 4 dimensions. The scale-level content validity index was 0.79-1.00, unanimity scale-level content validity index ( S- CVI/ UA) was 0.81, and average scale-level content validity ( S- CVI/ Ave) was 0.95. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.955, and the half-reliability was 0.846. Conclusions:The Discharge Readiness Assessment Scale of Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes has good reliability and validity, which can provide a scientific and effective assessment tool for clinical practice.