Objective: Our aims were to find a new aqueous drainage device-umbilical artery tube (UAT) and to study its effect in decreasing IOP. Methods:UAT is acquired from the newborn infants umbilical cord that has been disposed by 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution. As an device, UAT is required that its inner diameter is 1.0 mm and the outer one varies from l.5 mm to 2.0 mm. There are totally 12 cases, among them, 10 cases underwent aqueous drainage implantation in anterior chamber, 2 cases underwent in vitreous and cooperated with vitreous incise surgery. The mean follow-up period was 2 years and 3 months. Results: The average IOP was 7.8 kPa before operation and was 2.5 kPa during follow-up period. The success rate was 67.9%. Seven cases were no more than 2.8 kPa . One case was 2.7 kPa after using 0.5%Timolol. Complication：one case hemorrhaged in anterior chamber, 2 cases had shallow anterior chamber. There was no severe complication, such as sclera solve or necrosis, UTA exposing or being rejected.Conclusion: UTA implantation is effective in the management of refractory Glaucoma.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification after trabeculectomy in patients with angle-closure glaucoma and cataract with high intraocular pressure.Methods We divided 32 eyes of 32 patients with angle-closure glaucoma and cataract with high intraocular pressure into 2 groups.Phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy were performed in group 1,and phacoemulsification after trabeculectomy were performed in group 2.The intraocular pressure,visual acuity,and complications were determined.Results In these 2 groups,the intraocular pressure decreased and the visual acuity increased 1 week after the surgery,without statistical significance.No serious complication was found in these 2 groups.Conclusion It is effective and safe to perform phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy in patients with angle-closure glaucoma and cataract with high intraocular pressure.

Objective To analyse the changes of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in rat retina under acute high ocular pressure and study the effect of nitric oxide in rat retinal damage under hypertension. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups:Ocular hypertension 30 min,60 min,90 min and 12 h,24 h after reperfusion.Elevation of the ocular pressure in the anterior chamber of the rat eye caused retina ischemic damage.The changes of retinal nitric oxide content were observed indirectly by measuring NO 2 -/NO 3 - content in retina.The distribution and changes of neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ncNOS)were studied by immunocytochemical localization of ncNOS. Results ncNOS positive neurons were distributed in the inner nuclear layer (INL),ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer of the normal and ischemic rat retina.During acute high IOP 30 min,60 min and 90 min,NO content decreased gradually and ncNOS immune activity weakens.During reperfusion,NO content increased remarkably (P