OBJECTIVE To analyze the pattern of antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance tendency in our hospital.METHODS The use of antibiotics was evaluated by calculating DDDs;the bacteria were isolated and identified,and the susceptibility was tested by using microdilution method.Ten species of the most common bacteria,such as Staphylocccus aureus,and their antibiotic resistance tendency in two years were evaluated.RESULTS The average antibiotics days were 11.6 in two years.Ten species with 8967 strains were isolated in which 57.70% bacteria were Gram-negative.The rate of extended spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs) of Enterobacteriacae was 31.18%.42.3% Bacteria were Gram-positive,the isolation rate of MRSA was up to 76% and 56.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The total cost of antibiotics remains at a high level.The ESBLs is still the major problem in gram negative germ.Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus has been discovered.It is urgent to conduct epidemiological investigation and to take appropriate measures to control bacterial resistance and antibiotics usage.

OBJECTIVE; To improve the PIVAS quality management, reduce dispensing error and promote the safety of drug use.METHODS: The quality control circle (QCC) was used for quality management in PIVAS of our hospital. The reasons for dispensing errors were analyzed to determine the key improvement points using "the reduction of dispensing error of admixture drugs" as theme. Improvement plan was formulated, and effective countermeasures were determined by PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) cycle management. The tangible results (the rate of dispensing errors) and intangible results were compared before (Feb. 2016) and after QCC (Aug. 2016). RESULTS: Some effective measures were formulated and implemented, including unified arrangement, introducing PIVAS MATE process management software, personnel post training, refining drug withdrawal management, visual management, etc. The tangible results included the rate of dispensing error decreased from 1. 81‰ to 0. 53‰; the rate of goal achievement reached 108. 47％; the rate of target progress was 70. 72％. The intangible results included optimizing drug dispensing process, standardizing drug withdrawal systent and personal training system. Those achievement improved confidence, responsibility, sense of cooperation and cohesiveness of QCC members. Additional result was obtained, i. e. utility model patent for avoiding light storage box. CONCLUSIONS: QCC can effectively improve the management quality of PIVAS workflow and the safety of intravenous medication.