1.Epidemiological characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Shandong Province from 1992 to 2011
Na ZHANG ; Guoyong WANG ; Xingguang YANG ; Shengli SU ; Dianmin KANG ; Xiaorun TAO
Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases 2013;31(12):728-732
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Shandong Province,and to provide scientific evidence for formulating prevention and control strategy and carrying out effective measures.Methods Epidemiological data of reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS cases (HIV/AIDS) in Shandong Province from 1992 to 2011 were analyzed.Results A total of 4313 cases of HIV/AIDS were confirmed and reported by the end of 2011,with an average incidence of 2.39 parts per million (ppm) annually.An upward trend was showed for annual reported incidence.The top 5 cities of incidence were Ji'nan,Qingdao,Zibo,Weifang and Weihai,which were 5.72 ppm,4.39 ppm,3.29 ppm,3.10 ppm and 3.02 ppm,respectively.The average annual reported incidence was 3.74 ppm for male,which was significantly higher than that for female (1.39 ppm; x2 =743.96,P<0.05).The reported incidence was highest among 20-29 age group (5.56 ppm),with 57.18% of homosexual transmission.The proportion of homosexual transmission in annual reported cases increased from 1.82% in 2004 to 37.49% in 2011.Conclusions The epidemic situation of AIDS in Shandong Province is severe,with unbalanced geographical distribution.Sexual transmission is the main route of transmission,and cases of homosexual transmission increase sharply.
2.How to properly use the fear in AIDS intervention-the history and further of fear appeal development.
Ke ZHANG ; Xiufang DU ; Xiaorun TAO ; Yuanyuan ZHANG ; Dianmin KANG
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015;49(8):752-756
The AIDS epidemic in men who have sex wlth men (MSM) in recent years showed a sharp upward trend, looking for behavioral intervention strategies should be imperative. Fear appeals by fear prompted intervention received intervention information, provide a new breakthrough to achieve better effect of propaganda and intervention. After over 70 years development, the Fear Appeal generated from the driver model that proposed the fear decided the effectiveness of behavior intervention, to the extended parallel process model theory which integrated protection motivation theory and parallel process theory, both of which believed the fear is just one of the estimators, suggested fear is the key factor. The fear appeal theory is turning to be even more comprehensive and accurate. As an important theoretical basement, the fear appeal is still developing, and need more work to make it perfection.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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prevention & control
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psychology
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Fear
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Health Promotion
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methods
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Homosexuality, Male
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Humans
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Male
3.Application of the Bayesian network on the mutual relation of influencing factors and AIDS pathogenesis.
Na ZHANG ; Guoyong WANG ; Xiaoyan ZHU ; Xingguang YANG ; Dianmin KANG
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014;48(4):296-300
OBJECTIVETo explore the influencing factors of AIDS pathogenesis using the Bayesian network.
METHODSBased on follow-up data of 2 431 cases of HIV/AIDS from 1992-2011 in Shandong province, this study constructed the network structure by NPC algorithm, and used the EM algorithm for parameter learning to construct the Bayesian network of influencing factors and AIDS pathogenesis, then did inference by the Bayesian network.
RESULTSA total of 49.77% (1 210/2 431) were AIDS. Get a Bayesian network with 7 nodes and 11 directed arcs and the related parameters by studying the follow-up data of 2 431 cases. The area under receiver operating curve(ROC) was 0.75. There was a direct causal association among sample resource, transmission route, CD4(+)T lymphocyte count of HIV-antibody confirmed positive, antiviral therapy, opportunistic infection therapy, follow-up intervention and AIDS pathogenesis. The incidence probability was 42.83% for those who received antiviral therapy and follow-up intervention, and it was 68.96% for those who received antiviral therapy without follow-up intervention. The probability to receive follow-up intervention was 68.96% for cases transmitted by homosexual behaviors, and it was 34.00%, 42.24%, 1.06% and 22.70% respectively to be reported by medical institutions, testing and counselling, supervision institutions and special surveys.
CONCLUSIONThe Bayesian network revealed the mutual relation and effect intension among multi-factors and multi-stages by network inference. It showed that the rate of AIDS pathogenesis was lower for those who received antiviral therapy and follow-up intervention.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bayes Theorem ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult
4.Study on smoking status in families and its influence on children in Shandong province
Xia WEI ; Peijing ZHOU ; Fengxia LI ; Renyou CHEN ; Dianmin KANG ; Ting LIU ; Tong SUN
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2015;36(8):815-820
Objective To study the smoking status and influence of the families on pupils regarding smoking-related knowledge,attitudes and behavior,in Shandong province.Methods A multi-stage stratified-cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 6 050 students and their families in 3 different cities.A self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted by trained investigators.Results The overall passive smoking rate at households of the pupils was 49.7% in Shandong province and appeared the highest in separate families,followed by in re-organized families and multiple-generation families under the same roofs.Major smokers in the families were fathers and grandfathers,with 43.4% of the fathers and 74.0% of the grandfathers had smoking histories for more than 10 years.The main smoking places at home were "elsewhere" or in the "living room".Attempting and current smoking rates of the families were 7.7% and 1.7% respectively,significantly higher than those families with no smokers.There was significant difference in smoking associated behavior and attitude between pupils whose family members with smoking habits or without.Conclusion The status of smoking in the families of the pupil' s family was not optimistic in Shandong province,especially in the families of the male students.Since smoking status of the families played an important role on their children,it is necessary to explore suitable health education model to improve the smoking associated behaviors in the families.
5.Health Literacy and associated factors among primary school students in Shandong province
LI Yajun, FAN Zheng, SUN Tong, DUAN Qing, LENG Yan, WEI Xia, LI Fengxia, KANG Dianmin
Chinese Journal of School Health 2019;40(3):378-380
Objective:
To understand the status of health literacy and its associated factors among primary school students in Shandong Province.
Methods:
By using stratified cluster sampling method, 9 063 children in grade 1 to 3 from 5 cities in Shandong Province were investigated with self-designed questionnaire. Chi square and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze associated factors for health literacy.
Results:
Rate of proficient health literacy among grade 1-3 primary school students was 62.8%(5 689/9 063), with 75.6%(6 850/9 063), 56.3%(5 106/9 063) and 80.1%(7 261/9 063) in dimension of safety emergency, health care and disease prevention and control. Proficient health literacy was 47.7%(4 327/9 063), 88.3%(8 003/9 063) and 73.6%(6 672/9 063) in domain of health knowledge and concept, health behavior and health skills. Univariate analysis showed that the health literacy varied by gender, only-child in the family, grade, living area, cities, self-perceived academic performance, father educational attainment, mother educational attainment, father occupation and mother occupation(χ2=39.66, 161.09, 193.05, 89.23, 1 107.75, 196.35, 99.43, 74.39, 64.86, 16.70, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis found that gender, only-child in the family, grade, living area, city, self-perceived academic performance, father’ s occupation and educational attainment were positively associated with health literacy among elementary students.
Conclusion
High level of health literacy has been found among primary school students in Shandong Province, but varied in area and different demographic characteristics, which needs further specific intervention.
6. Study on the relationship between smoking behavior and health literacy among grade 4-6 primary students in Shandong province
Renyou CHEN ; Tong SUN ; Fengxia LI ; Xianwei LI ; Zheng FAN ; Peijing ZHOU ; Yan LENG ; Xia WEI ; Dianmin KANG
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2019;40(8):971-975
Objective:
To investigate the associations between smoking and literacy on health among 4-6 grade primary school students.
Methods:
A questionnaire survey was conducted to research on health literacy and smoking among 4-6 grade pupils in Shandong province, through a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Sociodemographic characteristics, health literacy level and smoking rate were collected from respondents. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of smoking and health literacy.
Results:
A total of 9 240 questionnaires were distributed, with the rate of valid response as 99.7%. The current smoking rate of the students was 2.6%, on higher in boys (3.1%) than in girls (2.0%). 60.8% of 4-6 grade students were found to have adequate health literacy level. Levels of literacy health in both boy and girl school students appeared 56.7% and 64.9%, respectively. Results indicated that health literacy in smokers (14.4%) was lower than that in non-smokers (62.0%). Results from the binary logistic regression analysis showed that the independent influencing factors would include grade, father’s education level, economic situation of the family, self-assessment on the school record and literacy on health (
7. Survey of HIV-1 drug resistance threshold in Shandong Province in 2013-2015
Xiaoguang SUN ; Haiying YU ; Shengli SU ; Bin LIN ; Jinhai LI ; Lin LIN ; Xiaorun TAO ; Yuesheng QIAN ; Dianmin KANG ; Hui XING
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017;51(7):604-609
Objective:
To survey the prevalence of drug resistant HIV-1 in Shandong province in 2013-2015.
Methods:
WHO truncated sequential sampling technique was adopted by using 77 and 53 samples of newly diagnosed as HIV-1 positive and aged 16-25 years in Shandong province in 2013 and 2015. RNA was prepared and HIV-1
8.Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among students in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2019
Chinese Journal of School Health 2021;42(10):1568-1570
Objective:
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS infected students in Shandong Province, to provide a basis for the prevention and control of AIDS transmission in the student population.
Methods:
All 863 HIV/AIDS students cases during 2010-2019 were collected in Shandong Province. Epidemiological characteristics was described and the trends in the 10 years since 2010 was analyzed.
Results:
These 863 HIV/AIDS students were mainly transmitted through homosexual sex (763 cases, 88.41%), and the samples were mainly from voluntary consultation testing (433 cases, 50.17%). From 2010 to 2019, the proportion of student cases in the total number of cases showed an increasing trend ( χ 2 trend =30.21, P <0.01). Among them, the proportion of homosexual transmission cases increased year by year ( χ 2 trend =6.35, P =0.01), the proportion of cases aged 18-22 years increased year by year ( χ 2 trend =6.10, P =0.01), the proportion of cases with college degree or above increased year by year ( χ 2 trend =4.26, P =0.04). At present, voluntary consultation testing were the main source.There was no significant difference between the years of sample sources ( χ 2 trend =2.97, P =0.09).
Conclusion
The report number of students in Shandong Province are on the rise in recent years, especially those infected by same sex transmission, mainly with high education background, which calls for targeted strategies and intervention measures.
9.Studies on behavior change and related factors among female sex workers in Qingdao city of Shandong province, between 2006 and 2015
Meizhen LIAO ; Xiaoyan ZHU ; Pengxiang HUANG ; Zhenxia JIANG ; Xijiang ZHANG ; Ning ZHANG ; Guoyong WANG ; Yuesheng QIAN ; Xiaorun TAO ; Dianmin KANG
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2017;38(12):1660-1664
Objective This study aimed to analyze the behavior change and related factors regarding HIV/STD epidemics among female sex workers (FSWs) in Qingdao city.Methods According to the requirements set by the "National HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance program",information on demographics,sexual and drug use behaviors,and HIV-related services among female sex workers (FSWs) was collected from ten consecutive annual cross-sectional surveys from 2006 to 2015.Blood samples were drawn for serological tests on both HIV and syphilis antibodies.Results Data from the sampled FSWs over the ten years,a higher proportion of participants who were aged 30 or more,married or cohabited and on-call FSW were followed.The prevalence of syphilis increased significantly from 1.0% (4/420) in 2006 to 13.3% (53/400) in 2015 (trendx2=54.22,P<0.001).Rates on illicit drug use were ranging from 12.0% (48/400) and 55.5% (222/400) while the rate on consistent condom use with clients in the last month showed decreasing,with trendx2=170.62,P<0.001.The proportion of HIV-related knowledge score ≥ 6 (trend x2 =152.96,P< 0.001),or ever been tested for HIV (trendx2=114.87,P<0.001) were both significantly increased over the last ten years.Between 2009 and 2015,results from the annual stratified analysis showed that the FSWs who used drugs were more likely than the FSWs who were non-drug users less consistently using condoms with clients in last month and being syphilis positive (P<0.05).On-call FSWs were more likely to be syphilis positive (P<0.05) than the non on-call FSWs.Conclusions The prevalence of syphilis among FSWs in Qingdao city had been rising over the last ten years,with synthetic drug abuse as an important risk factor.Better targeted surveillance and intervention efforts among those drug-using FSWs seemed important to reduce the epidemics.
10. Survival analysis of AIDS patients after antiretroviral treatment in Shandong province during 2003 to 2017
Xiaoyan ZHU ; Guoyong WANG ; Na ZHANG ; Meizhen LIAO ; Pengxiang HUANG ; Xingguang YANG ; Tao HUANG ; Xiaorun TAO ; Dianmin KANG
Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology 2019;33(2):187-192
Objective:
To understand the survival status of AIDS patients after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Shandong province during 2003 to 2017, and to determine the factors associated with survival status.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among AIDS patients initially received antiretroviral therapy from 2003 to 2017. The epidemiological characteristics of the subjects were described, and life tables were used to estimate the survival rates, the influencing factors were analyzed by Cox regression model.
Results:
A total of 9 813 cases were enrolled in this study, of the subjects, the median age was 34.9±11.0 years. The median of baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 300.0(