Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Collagen Type III ; metabolism ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; pathology ; HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Kidney Glomerulus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Traditional sequence analysis depends on sequence alignment. In this study, we analyzed various functional regions of the human genome based on sequence features, including word frequency, dinucleotide relative abundance, and base-base correlation. We analyzed the human chromosome 22 and classified the upstream,exon, intron, downstream, and intergenic regions by principal component analysis and discriminant analysis of these features. The results show that we could classify the functional regions of genome based on sequence feature and discriminant analysis.

Background and purpose:Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is a potent angiogenic mediator and angiogenesis has important effects on tumor growth and metastasis.The present study was to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphism of VEGF and heredity risk factor of lung cancer.Methods:VEGF genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method in 171 patients with lung cancer and 172 healthy controls.Software PHASE 1.0 was used to construct the haplotypes of every individual.Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the statistical association of genotypes or haplotypes in the two groups adjusted by gender and age. Results:Individuals with at least one-2578A allele had a significantly decreased risk of lung cancer compared with those carrying-2578CC genotype.When the analyses were stratified by gender,the combined-2578 CA and AA genotype,were associated with a considerably reduced risk of lung cancer(P=0.001,OR=0.303,95%CI=0.15 3-0.601).The distribution of the two haplotypes(936C/-2578C and 936C/-2578A) among overall lung cancer cases was significantly different from that among the controls(P=0.016,0R=0.317,95%CI=0.124-0.809 and P=0.018,OR=0.547, 95%CI=0.331-0.903).When the cases were categorized by tumor histology,the distribution of C-C haplotype in the adenocarcinoma(AC) group was associated with a substantially lowered risk of AC(P=0.004,0R=0.237,95%CI=0.090- 0.627),compared with the reference haplotypes.Conclusion:VEGF polymorphism may be a critical risk for the genetic risk factor to lung cancer.

It has been a new thinking train in medical circles of Chinese medicine that chronic gastritis is understood based on the theory of turbid toxin.The paper defined the concept of turbid toxin,put forward that the main pathogenesis of chronic gastritis was turbid toxin,and made a systematic summarization on the characteristics of chronic gastritis,symptoms,general therapies,laws of remedy and formula administration,rules of syndrome differentiation and treatment,and the treatment of combined syndromes.The therapy of transforming turbidity and detoxification used in clinic can relieve not only the symptoms,but also mucosal atrophy,stop the development of the disease,and reverse enterocyte metaplasis and heterotypic proliferation.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of new cretinism cases and the prevalence of endemic goiter, and the reason of lower coverage rate of iodized salt in the iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) high-risk areas of China, so as to put forward target prevention measures for these areas. Methods A hundred and one counties from 11 provinces(autonomous regions, municipality), such as Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Sichuan, Hainan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, were chosen into the survey by simple random sampling. In the counties of high risk, typical sampling principle was used. In the selected townships, searching for new cretinism cases were carried out in the children under 10 years old, the thyroid volume of children aged 8-10 years old were determined by B-ultrasonography methods and their urinary iodine (UI) were determined by As3-Ce<'4+> catalytic spectrophotometry, the intelligence quotient(IQ) values of children aged 8-10 years old were measured by the combined Raven Test in China. In the household survey, the housewives were asked to fill in the questionnaire, the iodized salt coverage rates and the UI levels of child-bearing age women were investigated, the salt iodine content was determined using self-quantitative kit. Epi Info software was used to analyze the determination results. Results In the 101 high-risk counties, 249 were diagnosed as new cretinism cases from 4122 suspected cases searched. The goiter rate of children aged 8-10 years old by B-ultrasound was 8.28% (4434/53 541), 44 counties had goiter rates in the range of 5%-20%, 5 counties had goiter rates in the range of 20%-30%, and 3 counties had goiter rates of 30%. The mean IQ of children was 85.44, and the percentage of IQ value less than 70 was 16.52%(8713/52 745). The median urinary iodine(MUI) of children was 154.69 μg/L, the percentage of UI less than 50 μg/L was 17.26% (9069/52 558). Twenty-five counties had a MUI of children less than 100 μg/L. The MUI of housewives was 107.14 μg/L, the percentage of UI less than 50 μg/L was 27.50% (3722/13 534). MUI of housewives in 46 counties were less than 100.0 μg/L. The coverage rate of iodized salt at household level was 77.85%(13 150/16 891). The coverage rate of iodized salt was 52.80%(1585/3002), 44.72% (631/1411) and 72.82% (1850/2506) in Tibet, Hainan and Qinghai, respectively. More than 10% residents of Tibet, Sichuan, Hainan, Gansu and Qinghai complained that iodized salt was not convenient to buy. There were 71.39%(7652/10 719) of observed people ate crude salt. The average price of crude salt price(0.30-1.20 Yuan/kg) was lower than iodized salt(1.20-3.00 Yuan/kg). Conclusions In these IDD high-risk areas, the risk of endemic goiter and cretinism prevalence is threatening. The IDD monitoring should be carried out successively in these high-risk areas. The prevention measures, increasing iodized salt coverage rate and establishing the sustainable mechanism for eliminating IDD should be strengthened. Emergent iodine fortification measure for high risk region people should be implemented as soon as possible, a long term effective mechanism of eliminating IDD should be established.

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of single agent topotecan(second line) or topotecan＋ cisplatin (first line) in the treatment of the patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods： Ninety-seven patients were evaluated efficacy and toxicity in 100 eligible patients in a multiple center clinical trail. Topotecan was administrated as a second line single agent in 38 relapse SCLC patients and the dose of topotecan was 1.25 mg· （ m2· d） -1 for 5 days and repeat every 3 weeks. Topotecan＋ cisplatin regimen was used in the chemonaive SCLC patients and the dose of topotecan was reduced to 1 mg· （ m2· d） -1 for 5 days and the cisplatin was 80 mg· （ m2· d） -1 for one dose. Results： The response rate was 37.5％ as second line chemotherapy in relapse SCLC, including complete response of 3.1％ and the partial response 34.4. The response rate was 79.6％ (complete response,22.4％ and partial response,57.1％ ) when cisplatin was combined with topotecan in the chemonaive SCLC patients. Bone marrow suppression was the main toxicity of topotecan and Grade Ⅲ -Ⅳ neutropenia and thrombopenia was observed in 39.9％ and 31.6％ respectively in single agent regimen and 61.0％ and 39.9％ in combined regimen respectively. The non-hemotological toxicity was mineral. Conclusion： Topotecan may be an effective drugs for the patients with SCLC when used as the first or the second line regimen, and more efficacy when combine with cisplatin. The main toxicity of topotecan is hemotological toxicity.

OBJECTIVETo study the development of pelvic floor muscle, morphology and location of rectum and anal canal as well as morphology of spinal cord and sacrum based on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of children with fecal incontinence after anoplasty for anorectal malformation and to provide information on management of fecal incontinence.

METHODSClinical and MRI data of 34 children with fecal incontinence after anoplasty for anorectal malformation in the Second Hospital of Shangdong University from September 2009 to December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 21 males and 13 females with the age of 3 to 14 years old. All the children underwent MRI detection. The morphology of external anal sphincter, puborectalis, ani levator, rectum and anal canal as well as the development of spinal cord and sacrum were observed using 1.5T MR scanner, including routine axial view, coronal view and sagittal view.

RESULTSMRI revealed that dysplasia of external anal sphincter, puborectalis and anilavatory were found in 18, 23 and 27 children, respectively. MRI also showed ectopia of rectum(n=6), dilation of rectum(n=12), increased anorectal angle(n=11), fat tissue around the anal canal(n=5), tethered cord syndrome(n=2), Currarino syndrome(n=2), sacrum dysplasia(n=11); and rectourethral fistula(n=2). The above MRI findings were confirmed by operation and clinical practice.

CONCLUSIONSMRI can provide clear morphology of external anal sphincter, puborectalis and ani lavatory, and location of rectum and anal canal as well as the development of spinal cord and sacrum. MRI is a valuable method to evaluate the children with fecal incontinence after anoplasty.

Objective To investigate the imaging findings of the lacerating injury of the lung. Methods Ten patients of lung lacerating injury were examined by X-ray and CT within 1—5 h after injury. X-ray(2—5 times)and CT(3—5 times)examinations were repeated for 7 patients.Results The lung lacerating injury involved 10 sides and 14 lung lobes(21 lesions in total)in the 10 cases,among which 1 case involved the right upper lobe with 1 lesion,2 cases in the right lower lobe with 2 lesions,1 case in the right upper and lower lobes with 2 lesions for each lobe,3 cases in the left lower lobe with 9 lesions,and 3 cases in both the left upper and the lower lobes with 7 lesions.The X-ray findings were cavity-like shadows with smooth margin in 9 lesions(9/21),and patchy shadows of fogging margin in 12 lesions(12/21).The CT imaging findings included 6 pulmonary hematomas(6/21),and 15 cavitary lesions with air-fluid levels (15/21).In the 15 cavitary lesions,CT revealed 14 single cavities and 2 small cavities within a big cavity. On dynamic follow-up observation,the cavity was the biggest in 1—5 h after injury,but the hematoma was the biggest in 2—3 days after injury.Hematomas tended to absorb slower than the cavities.After 16— 32 days,all lesions revolved into small patchy or stripe-like shadows with slightly increased density. Conclusion Cavitary lesion with air-fluid level is the characteristic imaging finding of lung lacerating injury.CT surpasses X-ray plain film in revealing the details of lung lacerating injury.

Objective To study the effect of 17β-estrogen(17β-E2)on injured dopaminergic (DA) neurons induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA),and explore whether 17β-E2 has neuroprotective effect.Methods The male SD rats aged 2-3 d were decapitated under sterile conditions; the brain slices were induced injury by 6-OHDA(200 μmol/L); cells in the slices were divided into control group and 17β-E2 treatment groups(intervention with 1.0xl0-8 mol/L,1.0xl0-9 mol/L and 1.0×10-10 mol/L of 17β-E2,respectively).The tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)expression in DA neurons was observed by Western blotting at 15,30 and 60 min after the intervention.Results The expression of TH in the 1.0×10-9 mol/L 17β-E2 treatment group was the highest,which was significantly different as compared with that in the control group(P＜0.05); increasing or decreasing the concentration of 17β-E2 could not regulate the expression of TH; in the 1.0×10-9 mol/L 17β-E2 treatment group,TH expression at 15 min after intervention enjoyed the highest level; the TH expression could not increase by extending the time.Conclusion The 17β-E2 treatment at certain concentration(1.0×10-9 mol/L)for certain time(15 min)has a protective effect on injuried DA neurons

BACKGROUNDThe stage-specific expression of genes is one of the most characteristics of parasites. It has been found that a lot of genes of Spriometra erinaceieuropaei are specifically expressed in pleroceroid in large amount, but not expressed when the plerocercoid development into adult worm. The study is to screen other stage-specific ecpression genes of plerocercoid of Spirtmetra erinceieuropaei.

METHODSRNA was separately extracted by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform from plerocercoids and adult worms of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, DNA contaminated in the RNA was digested by RNase-free DNase. After the RNA was reverse transcripted to cDNA using T12MA, T12MC, T12MG and T12MT anchor-primers, PCR was done using the same T12MN and one random primer with alpha 35S-dATP in the system. The PCR products were fractionated on an 8% denatured polyacrylamide gel. Differential bands of the plerocercoid found in the gel were cut out, amplified by PCR and sequenced. Northern hybridization was used to identify the stage-specific expression genes.

RESULTSEleven differential bands were selected from the gel and classified into 3 kinds of gene fragments by hybridization, after they were amplified by PCR. Fragments 1 (238 bp) and 2 (383 bp), were confirmed by Northern hybridization, as being expressed in the plerocercoid. However, fragment 3 (433 bp), was expressed in both the plerocercoid and the adult worm. Data from the 3 gene fragments underwent homological analysis in GenBank. The sequence which was homologous with fragments 1 and 2 was not found, but fragment 3 had high homology with many kinds of 28S rRNA.

CONCLUSIONSThe gene expressions of plerocercoids are different from adult worms because they live in different hosts. Two types of different gene fragments from the plerocercoid were found by mRNA differential display technique.