Objective: To evaluate new ischemic brain damage after using protective filter device during carotid artery stenting with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). Methods: A total of 60 patients with carotid stenosis (stenotic rate 50%-95%) were included in this study. They underwent carotid artery stenting and were divided into protective filter device group (n = 30) and none protective filter device group (n = 30). DWI was performed within 24 hours before and after the procedure. The number, size, and location of new cerebral ischemic lesions after the procedure were counted. Results: Circled digit oneDWI was performed within 24 hours after the procedure. A total of 18 patients occurred high-density ischemic cerebral lesions, six of them (20%) were in the protective filter device group and 12 (40%) were in the none protective filter device group. There was no significant difference (P >0.05). Circled digit two A total of 41 new ischemic cerebral lesions were detected, 14 of them were in the protective filter device group and 27 were in the none protective filter device group. The lesions mainly located in the same sides of stents. There was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of the lesion sites between two groups (P > 0.05). Circled digit threeThere were 33 lesions of ≤3 mm diameter, 13 of them were in the protective filter device group and 20 were in the none protective filter device group. There were 8 lesions >3 mm in diameter, one of them was in the protective filter device group and 7 were in the none protective filter device group. There was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of the lesion size between the two groups (P >0.05). Conclusion: Using protective filter device during carotid artery stenting may decrease the occurrence of new ischemic cerebral lesions, especially large large sized lesions. However, new ischemic cerebral lesions may occur during the procedure.

AlM: To explore the roles of neuronal axon-guidance molecules Slit3 and Robo4 receptor in corneal neovascularization ( CNV ) by study their expression in neovascularized cornea of rats.
METHODS: CNV models were established by implantation pellets containing basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) into corneal stroma. CNV models were measured by biomicroscopy photography. lmmunohistochemical staining and imaging analysis system were used to detect the expression of Slit3 and Robo4 in the models after 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14d.
RESULTS:The area of CNV and the expression of Slit3, Robo4 were increased in CNV models compared to that in normal cornea and reached highest level on 7d. And the expression level of Slit3 and Robo4 were significantly correlated with the size of CNV on every time point except 1d (r=0. 84-0. 91, all P<0. 05).
CONCLUSlON: The expression of Slit3 and Robo4 may be related to the CNV development. They are potential therapeutical target for CNV.

Bone remodeling is balanced by bone formation and bone resorption as well as by alterations in the quantities and functions of seed cells, leading to either the maintenance or deterioration of bone status. The existing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), known as a family of short non-coding RNAs, are the key post-transcriptional repressors of gene expression, and growing numbers of novel miRNAs have been verified to play vital roles in the regulation of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis, revealing how they interact with signaling molecules to control these processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the roles of miRNAs in regulating bone remodeling as well as novel applications for miRNAs in biomaterials for therapeutic purposes.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients. Methods The clinical data of29 elderly patients (above 65 years old) with trigeminal neuralgia treated with microvascular decompression were retrospectively reviewed to analyze the outcomes of the surgery and complications in comparison with those of younger patients below 65 years of age. Results Good therapeutic effects were achieved in both groups without obvious difference between them,the rate ofpostoperative pain relieffor the elderly group is 93.10%,96.36%for the control group.The elderly patients showed some special anatomical and systemic features in relation to aging,including the presence of brain atrophy,obvious arteriosclerosis in the culprit arteries(the elderlygroupis about 1/4,the control group is about 1/10),multiple systemic diseases(the elderly group accounted for 71.69%,41.81%for control group),and increased risk of surgical complications(one of the elderly group appears brainstem infarction,2 cases of lower extremity deep VenOUS thromboembolism disease). Conclusion Microvascular decompression provides an effective cure or pain relief for most elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia with the application of effective perioperative treatment.

Objective： The current study was designed to explore the role of telomerase and its subunits in the process of gastric carcinogenesis. Methods： Telomerase activity was detected with telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and its subunits were examined by RT PCR. Results： Telomerase activity was noted positive in 24.6％ (14/57) for chronic atrophic gastritis, 38.9％ (7/18)for intestinal metaplasia, 37.5％ (3/8) for dysplasia and 92.3％ (62/65) for gastric carcinoma, respectively. On the contrary, no telomerase activity was detected in normal mucosa. The frequency of telomerase activity in gastric carcinoma was significantly higher than that in chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia (P< 0.01). Telomerase activity in gastric carcinoma was not related with clinicopathological parameters. Telomerase subunits, TP1 and hTR, were expressed in most gastric mucosas and no significant difference was found among different groups. However, another telomerase subunit,hTRT, was mainly detected in gastric carcinoma and partially premalignant lesions or diseases and the expression of hTRT paralleled to the expression of telomerase. Conclusions： Telomerase activitymay play an important role in the early stage of gastric carcinogenesis. hTRT may be not only a good diagnostic parameter but also a target for gene therapy in gastric cancer because hTRT expression parallels to telomerase activity.

Aim: To clarify whether there are anatomical changes in tunica albuginea and corpora cavemosa in aged rats. Methods: Seventeen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups based on age. Group A consisted of young rats (9 weeks), Group B, middle aged rats (14 weeks) and Group C, old rats (62 weeks). The penile samples were obtained and observed under a scanning electron microscope. Results: The thickness (mean ± SD) of the tunica albuginea was 0.14 ± 0.02, 0.16 ± 0.03 and 0.06 ± 0.02 mm in Groups A, B and C, respectively. The tunica albuginea of group C was significantly thinner than those of the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05) and the elastic fibers were diminished in the old rats. In the corpora cavemosa of old rats, the intracavemous pillars were irregular, in which many large collagen fibers could be observed, and the smooth muscle and elastic fibers were reduced. Conclusion: In old rats, the tunica albuginea became thinner with diminished elastic fibers; the collagen fibers of corpora cavemosa were increased while the smooth muscle and elastic fibers were reduced.

OBJECTIVELong term glucocorticoid (prednisolone) treatment on human growth hormone (hGH) secretion in children and adolescents and to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment.

METHODSTwelve patients (age: 10.4∓1.2 years) who were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 1999 to November 2009 were enrolled in this study. All of them had taken prednisolone with a dose of 0.5∓2.0 mg/(kg.d) for 6~18 months. Two different hGH stimulating tests was done and their growth and development was evaluated at regular intervals. Seven patients were given rhGH with a dose of 0.1 U/(kg.d) for 6~12 months to improve their growth and development after half a year of prednisolone withdrawal when their disease conditions were improved.

RESULTSThe growth speed of these 12 children decreased significantly during prednisolone treatment compared with before prednisolone treatment (1.2∓0.3cm/year vs.3.7∓1.2 cm/year,P12 months than those with a 6~12 months course (P0.05). The growth speed of seven children who received rhGH therapy for half a year were increased from 2.2∓0.1cm/year to 7.8∓0.5cm/year (P<0.05), and then to 6.9∓0.4cm/year one year later.

CONCLUSIONSThe long-term glucocorticoid treatment can decrease the hGH secretion, and thus leads to short stature and agenesis. However, the rhGH replacement can safely and effectively improve growth and development in these children after their primary diseases are improved and glucocorticoids are withdrawn.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucocorticoids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Human Growth Hormone ; secretion ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

This study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) combined with trehalose on the cryopreserved platelets. The platelets were preserved at -80 degrees C. The experiments were divided into 5 groups: blank control group composed of apheresis platelet suspension; trehalose group composed of apheresis platelet suspension and 0.25 mol/L trehalose; DMSO group composed of apheresis platelet suspension and 5% DMSO; 5% combined group composed of apheresis platelet suspension, 5% DMSO and 0.25 mol/L trehalose; 2.5% combined group composed of apheresis platelet suspension, 2.5% DMSO and 0.25 mol/L trehalose. All the groups were thawed at 37 degrees C in a waterbath. The recovery rate of platelets and mean platelet volume (MPV) were assayed by using hemocytometer; the ultrastructural changes were examined by electron microscopy; the expressions of CD41, CD42b, CD61 and CD62p on platelets were detected by flow cytometry. The results indicated that single use of trehalose had no strong effect in increasing the recovery rate of platelets, but the morphology of platelets was close to normal. The DMSO showed significant effect in increasing the recovery rate of platelets and maintaining the intact property of platelets, however, the shape of platelets tended to sealing, and partial platelets still displayed heteromorphic changes. The combination of DMSO and trehalose revealed the protective effect on the external morphology and internal structure of platelets to be close to the normal homeostasis, and ensured an ideal recovery rate of the cryopreserved platelets and higher expression levels of CD41, CD42b, CD61 and CD62p in the same time. It is concluded that the combined use of DMSO and trehalose possesses the synergistic protective effect on the cryopreserved platelets, therefore, the combined use of both as the protective agent is hopeful to further raise the effectiveness of clinical infusion of the cryopreserved platelets.
Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; Blood Preservation ; methods ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Platelet Count ; Trehalose ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the prevalence of tension-type headache(TTH)in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally in 1990-2021,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of TTH.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study data,the age-standardized prevalence distribution of TTH and its changing trend were analyzed among the children and adolescents aged 0-19 years,with different sexes,age groups,sociodemographic index(SDI)regions and countries/territories.Results The age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 globally in 2021 was 17 339.89/100 000,which was increased by 1.73%since 1990.The ASPR in females was slightly higher than that in males(1990:17 707.65/100 000 vs 16 403.78/100 000;2021:17 946.29/100 000 vs 16 763.09/100 000).The ASPR in adolescence was significantly higher than that in school-aged and preschool periods(1990:27 672.04/100 000 vs 10 134.16/100 000;2021:28 239.04/100 000 vs 10 059.39/100 000).Regions with high SDI exhibited a higher ASPR than the other regions,with significant differences in prevalence rates across different countries.From 1990 to 2021,there was a slight increase in global ASPR,with an average annual percentage change(AAPC)of 0.06%.Females experienced a smaller increase than males based on AAPC(0.04%vs 0.07%).There was reduction in ASPR in preschool and school-aged groups,with an AAPC of-0.02%,while there was a significant increase in ASPR in adolescence,with an AAPC of 0.07%.ASPR decreased in regions with low-middle and low levels of SDI,with an AAPC of-0.02%and-0.04%,respectively,while it increased in regions with middle SDI,with an AAPC of 0.24%.Conclusions There is a consistent increase in the ASPR of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally,with significant differences across sexes,age groups,SDI regions and countries/territories.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of neonatal asphyxia and possible contributing factors for the development of severe asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China. METHODS: A total of 16 hospitals in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture were selected as research centers. A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 22 294 live births in these 16 hospitals from January to December, 2016 to investigate the incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia and possible contributing factors for the development of severe asphyxia. RESULTS: Of the 22 294 neonates born alive, 733 (3.29%) were diagnosed with neonatal asphyxia, among whom 627 had mild asphyxia and 106 had severe asphyxia. The neonates with low maternal education level, maternal anemia during pregnancy, chorioamnionitis, abnormal amniotic fluid, abnormal umbilical cord, placenta previa, placental abruption, Tujia Minority, preterm birth, and low birth weight had a higher incidence of severe asphyxia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is higher. Low maternal education level, maternal anemia during pregnancy, chorioamnionitis, abnormal amniotic fluid, abnormal umbilical cord, placenta previa, placental abruption, Tujia Minority, preterm birth, and low birth weight may be related to the development of severe neonatal asphyxia.
Asphyxia Neonatorum ; epidemiology ; China ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Retrospective Studies