AIMTo investigate the tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of oridonin-solid lipid nanoparticles in animals.

METHODSHPLC method was established to determine the concentration of oridonin in serum of rabbits and in different tissues of mice. The results after tail iv administration of oridonin and oridonin solid lipid nanoparticles were compared.

RESULTSThe relative tissue content of oridonin of solid lipid nanoparticles in the liver, spleen, lung, heart and kidney were 4.25%, 3.44%, 1.19%, 0.52% and 0.60%, respectively. The concentration-time curves of oridonin and oridonin solid lipid nanoparticles were both fitted to the three-compartment model. T(1/2)pi = 0.087 h, T(1/2)alpha = 1.65 h, T(1/2)beta = 32.36 h, V(C) = 0.66 mL.kg(-1).

CONCLUSIONSolid lipid nanoparticles could increase the hepatic and lienic targeting efficiency of oridonin in mice and improve its bioavailability. Solid lipid nanoparticles were helpful for oridonin to reach a long circulation time and were hopeful to be its novel drug carrier.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Diterpenes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Diterpenes, Kaurane ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Injections, Intravenous ; Isodon ; chemistry ; Lipids ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Spleen ; metabolism ; Tissue Distribution

Aged ; Coal Mining ; Drug Combinations ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peroxides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Urea ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic characterizations of VP1 region of Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) isolated from clinical specimens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients in Beijing in 2008.

METHODS285 clinical samples were collected from HFMD patients in hospitals and day-care centers in Chaoyang district. They were performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) specific for HEV71. 10 HEV71 isolates were selected for entire VP1 coding gene amplification and sequencing.

RESULTS129 samples were RT-PCR positive, the positive rate is 45.26%. The homology of the nucleotide and the amino acid of the 10 strains were 94.6%-99.6% and 95.9%-100%. The phylogenetic tree revealed that 10 Beijing strains clustered within the C4a evolution branch of C4 subgenotype.

CONCLUSIONSRT-PCR played an important role in identifying HFMD outbreak in Beijing in 2008. The HEV71 strains were all belong to C4a evolution branch of C4 subgenotype with several transmission chains, and it showed that C4 subgenotype HEV71 spread in mainland China widely after 1998. The molecular epidemiology surveillance and the research of genetic characterizations of HEV71 should be strengthened in mainland China.

Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of lidamycin (LDM) on telomerase activity in human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells under the condition of LDM inducing mitotic cell death and senescence.

METHODSChromatin condensation was detected by co-staining with Hoechst 33342 and PI. Cell multinucleation was observed by Giemsa staining and genomic DNA was separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Fluorescent intensity of Rho123 was determined for mitochondrial membrane potential. MTT assay and SA-beta-gal staining were employed to analyze the senescence-like phenotype. The expression of proteins was analyzed by Western blot. Telomerase activity was assayed by telomerase PCR-ELISA.

RESULTSMitotic cell death occurred in LDM-treated cells characterized by unique and atypical chromatin condensation, multinucleation and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. However, no apoptotic bodies or DNA ladders were found. In addition, apoptosis-related proteins remained nearly unaltered. Senescence-like phenotype was identified by increased and elongated size of cells, growth retardation, enhanced SA-beta-gal activity and the changes of senescence-related protein expression. Telomerase activity markedly decreased (P<0.01) in LDM-treated hepatoma BEL-7402 cells.

CONCLUSIONMitotic cell death and senescence could be triggered simultaneously or sequentially after exposure of hepatoma BEL-7402 cells to LDM. The decrease in telomerase activity may play a key role in the defective mitosis and aging morphology. Further investigation of detailed mechanism is needed.

Aminoglycosides ; pharmacology ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Azure Stains ; Benzimidazoles ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cellular Senescence ; drug effects ; Chromatin ; metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enediynes ; pharmacology ; Genome, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Mitosis ; drug effects ; Phenotype ; Propidium ; Telomerase ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; beta-Galactosidase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of High-risk Human Papilloma virus DNA Detection Kit (Cervista HPV HR) designed to the utilized in cervical cancer screening programs.

METHODSThe investigation for Cervista HPV HR test is designed to detect 437 residual liquid-based cytology specimens collected during routine liquid-based Pap tests at standard care vistis and to identify the presence of HR HPV. We compared Cervista HPV HR Test against standard PCR, in order to examine the performance of Cervista HPV HR Test in populations with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN 2, CIN 3 and Cancer, CIN 2+), and the capabilities of A5/A6, A7, A9 oligonucleotides of Cervista for predicting CIN2+.

RESULTSThe accuracy of Cervista compared to PCR with bi-directional sequencing was 88.26%. The positive percent of Cervista HPV HR Test and PCR were 38.96% and 29.08%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of Cervista HPV HR Test for the detection of CIN2+ were 98.46%, 58.49%, 99.54% and 29.68%, respectively. The A9 oligonucleotides positivity percent was significantly higher in CIN2 + (odds ratio: 24.037, 95% CI: 10.086 - 57.283).

CONCLUSIONThe Cervista HPV HR test can be clinically used for detecting HR HPV types during routine cervical cancer screening. A9 oligonucleotides were also strongly associated with CIN2+ diagnosis, which is improtant in cervical cancer screening for triage to colposcopy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alphapapillomavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; virology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the specific clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture at Lingtai (GV 10) and Shendao (GV 11) on premature heartbeat.

METHODSSeventy-two cases of premature heartbeat were randomized into an observation group and a control group. In the observation group, electroacupuncture was applied at Lingtai (GV 10) and Shendao (GV 11). In the control group, electroacupuncture was applied at bilateral Xuanzhong (GB 39). The treatment was given once a day and 10 times made one session in both groups. Respectively, the dynamic electrocardiogram detection was done before treatment and after one session of treatment in each group.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 47.1% (16/34) in the observation group and 6.5% (2/31) in the control group. The efficacy in the observation group was superior to that in the control group, presenting the statistical significant difference in comparison (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture at Lingtai (GV 10) and Shendao (GV 11) has specific clinical efficacy on premature heartbeat.

Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Castanopsis fordii Hance.METHODS The 80％ ethanol extract from C.fordii leaves was isolated and purified by Sephadex LH-20,MCI,silica and semi-preparative column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (1),quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2),myricetin 3-rhamnoside (3),myricetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside (4),quercetin 3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside (5),kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside (6),3,5,7,3',5'-pentahydroxy-(2R,3R)-flavanonol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (7),astilbin (8),isastilbin (9).CONCLUSION Compounds 2,3 are isolated from this plant for the first time,compounds 1,4-9 are first obatined from genus Castanopsis.

Objective To investigate the curative effects of various infusion volumes on liver-related metabolic mechanism in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.Methods A severe hemorrhagic shock rabbit model was established in 30 rabbits.The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:non-infusion group (A), conventional infusion group (B), and excessive infusion group (C) (n=10 in each group).Taking group B as the control, groups A and C were observed for the damage of non-infusion and excessive infusion, respectively.The outcomes in the three groups and their relations with liver tissue metabolism changes were analyzed with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS).Results The mortality in groups A, B, and C group were 80％, 0％, and 70％, respectively.The liver tissue metabolic profile in group B showed statistically significant difference compared with that in groups A and B.In group C, the levels of 21 metabolites were lower than those in group B, and the levels of8 metabolites were lower than those in group A.The relative contents of various metabolites were correlated with infusion volumes, and the succinic acid content was associated with death events (P＜0.05).Conclusion The conventional infusion has significant curative effect on hemorrhagic shock.The metabolites of liver tissues with excessive infusion are generally decompensated and have longer survival time than those in non-infusion group, which may caused by the excessive infusion-induced blood volume increase after hemorrhagic shock.Tissue fluid dilution is an important cause of death.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effect of Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine (WM) for controlling the recurrence of pelvic endometriosis after a conservative operation.

METHODSThe study was a multi-center, randomized, parallel controlled and prospective clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: CM group (106 cases) and WM group (102 cases). Drugs were given to patients during 1-5 days of the first menstruation after a conservative operation in both groups. Patients with stages I and II (revised American Fertility Society) were treated for 3 months, while the patients with stages III and IV were treated for 6 months. The patients in the CM group were treated using three types of Chinese herbal medicine based on syndrome differentiation. Patients in the WM group were treated using gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) or gestrinone. Patients treated with GnRH-a received add-back therapy of Tibolone Tablets once a day after 4 months of treatment. Any cases of dysmenorrheal chronic pelvic pain, menstruation and any adverse reactions of patients were recorded once a month during the preoperative and postoperative periods and once every 3 months during the follow-up period. During the preoperative, postoperative and the follow-up periods, patients underwent type B ultrasonography of the pelvis and measurements of serum CA125 levels, gynecologic examination, routine evaluations of blood, urine, hepatic function (glutamate pyruvate transaminase), renal function (blood urea nitrogen) and electrocardiograms. During the follow-up period they underwent type B pelvic ultrasonography, measurement of serum CA125 levels and further gynecologic examinations. The two treatments were compared for clinical recurrence rates, pregnancy rates and the incidence of adverse reactions.

RESULTSThe incidence and timing of recurrence of endometriosis were not significantly different between the two groups. The first pregnancy achieved by the patient in the CM group was significantly earlier than that in the WM group (P <0.05). Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in the WM group was significantly higher than in the CM group (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSTreatment with Chinese herbal medicines prevented the recurrence of endometriosis after a conservative operation, improved the conception rate and showed fewer and lighter adverse reactions than did treatment with WM therapy. Treatment with Chinese herbal medicine meets the need of patients wishing to have a child following endometriosis and is an appropriate form of clinical treatment.

Adult ; Demography ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Pelvis ; surgery ; Pregnancy ; Recurrence

Objective To determine the efficient cut-off points of fasting fingertip blood glucose test for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus(DM), impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), and impaired fasting glucose(IFG)in community-based residents aged above 45 years old. Methods A cluster-randomized study was conducted from May 2008 to January 2009. A total of 3250 subjects aged above 45 years in two communities of Baoding city received questionnaire investigation and tested for fingertip blood glucose. Those subjects whose capillary blood glucose level ≥5.1 mmol/L were subjected to 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and pre- diabetes were identified by fasting plasma glucose and OGTT. In this study, the cut-off points of fasting capillary blood glucose for detecting undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes were evaluated, using receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC). Results Of 1351 subjects that having had oral glucose tolerance test, 230 cases were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus(7.3%), 166 cases(5.2%)as IFG, and 204(6.7%)as IGT under fasting capillary blood glucose as test variable and state variables according to the following criteria.(1)FPG≥7.0 mmol/L or/and 2hPG≥11.1 mmol/L(2)FPG<5.6 mmol/L (3)FPG<7.0 mmol/L and 7.8 mmol/L≤2hPG≤ 11.1 mmol/L, areas under three ROC curves were 0.905, 0.633 and 0.719, respectively. The cut-offvalues of screening for undiagnosed DM, IGT and IFG were 6.0 mmol/L, 5.7 mmol/L, and 5.7 mmol/L, respectively. When cut-off value of screening for undiagnosed DM was 6.0 mmol/L, the maximal sensitivity was 78.0% and specificity was 89.3%.But there were both lower sensitivity and specificity in screening for IFG and IGT according to the best predicting value(5.7 mmol/L)from the ROC curves(50.3% and 28.0% vs. 60.8% and 28.0%). Conclusion Fasting capillary blood glucose with the lower cut-point of 6.0 mmol/L in screening for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus alone, was relatively reliable, whereas for both IFG and IGT the fasting fingertip blood glucose tests were fallible. It was convenient and could be used in screening the DM at the community level.