Ten compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data as 1beta-hydroxy-1 ,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin (1) , boscialin (2) , blumenol C (3), 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4), dehydrovomifoliol(5) , blumenol A(6), (1'S,2R,5S, 10R) -2-(1', 2'-dihydroxy-l1'-methylethyl) -6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5] dec-6-en-8-one(7) , (1'R,2R,5S,10R)-2-( 1',2'-dihydroxy-l '-methylethyl) -6,1 l0-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one( 8) , 2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1 '-methylethyl) -6,1 0-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one (9) , and grasshopper ketone (10). Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Solanum ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

By means of preparative HPTLC and column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, nine diterpenoids were isolated and purified from the whole plants of Scutellaria strigillosa. Based on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were elucidated as: 6-O-acetyl-7-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(1), 6-O-nicotinoyl-7-O-acetylscutebarbatine G(2), 6,7-di-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(3), scutebarbatine K(4), scutebarbatine B(5), 6-O-acetylscutehenanine A(6), 6-O-nicotinoylbarba- tin A(7), 6,7-di-O-acetoxylbarbatin A(8), scutebarbatine F(9). Compound 1 is a new diterpenoid, and compounds 2-9 were isolated from Scutellaria strigillosa for the first time.
Diterpenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

It has been a new thinking train in medical circles of Chinese medicine that chronic gastritis is understood based on the theory of turbid toxin.The paper defined the concept of turbid toxin,put forward that the main pathogenesis of chronic gastritis was turbid toxin,and made a systematic summarization on the characteristics of chronic gastritis,symptoms,general therapies,laws of remedy and formula administration,rules of syndrome differentiation and treatment,and the treatment of combined syndromes.The therapy of transforming turbidity and detoxification used in clinic can relieve not only the symptoms,but also mucosal atrophy,stop the development of the disease,and reverse enterocyte metaplasis and heterotypic proliferation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Chinese herbs (CH) for cool-moistening and freeing collaterals on gastro-dynamic disturbance in patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 with gastroparesis (DM-GP).

METHODSFifty-three patients of DM-GP were enrolled and treated with CH (n = 28) and Cisapride (n = 25) respectively for 4 weeks, the changes of gastrin and electro-gastrogram (EGG) before and after treatment were observed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the EGG improved significantly, showing the rhythm significantly improved, and level of serum gastrin lowered significantly, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P<0.01), but insignificant difference was found between the two groups. Fifteen patients in each group were followed-up afar stopping medication for 3 months, recurrence occurred in 1 patient of CH treated group, and 2 patients of Cisapride treated group. No adverse reaction was found in the rest patients.

CONCLUSIONCH could obviously improve the gastro-intestinal motility and hormones abnormality.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Electromyography ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Gastric Emptying ; drug effects ; Gastrins ; blood ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Gastroparesis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical efficacy of Huazhuo Jiedu Recipe (HJR) on chronic atrophic gastritic precancerosis (CAGP), and its effect on contents of lactic acid, total acid, free acid, and nitrite in the gastric juice, as well as tumor markers in gastric juice and blood.

METHODSTwo hundred and twenty-nine patients with CAGP were randomly assigned to two groups, the 119 patients in the treated group orally took HJR and the 110 patients in the control group orally took Weifuchun Tablet. The therapeutic course for all was three months, two courses in total. The therapeutic efficacy, changes of gastric acid contents before and after treatment were observed, and the tumor markers in the gastric juice and blood were detected using electrochemical luminescence immunoassay.

RESULTSThe pathological effective rate was 83.2% (99/119) in the treated group and 60.9% (67/110) in the control group, showing significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The total acids and free acids in the gastric juice were significantly improved, contents of lactic acid and nitrite were significantly lowered in the two groups. Both contents of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen72-4 (CA72-4), and carbohydrate antigen125 (CA125) in the gastric juice and serum were significantly lowered after treatment in the treated group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the therapeutic effect was more obvious in the treated group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHJR could stimulate the gastric membranous secretion, enhance contents of total acids and free acids. It could prevent the further progress of CAGP by decreasing contents of lactic acid and nitrite in the gastric juice, and lowering contents of CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4, and CA125 in the gastric juice and serum.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastric Juice ; chemistry ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; blood ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Precancerous Conditions ; blood ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; metabolism

AIM: To study caspase-9 expression on rat retina in the process of chronic elevation of IOP and the changes with the application of amino guanidine (AG), thus to investigate potential protective function of AG to rat retina with chronic elevation of IOP.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to observe retinal morphology and expression of caspase-9 at different time points of rat with chronic IOP elevation, both affected or not affected by the application of AG.RESULTS: Compared with control group, as time passed retina of experimental group gradually had detectable morphological changes. On 21st day of chronic IOP elevation, retinas became thinner and the quantity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) decreased; caspase-9 expression increased, consistent with the morphological changes. The group using AG presented relatively smaller morphology changes and less expression of caspase-9.CONCLUSION: Apoptosis-related gene caspase-9 played a part in the process of chronic IOP elevation; AG protects retina by down-regulating expression of caspase-9.

OBJECTIVETo establish the dose-effect curve between TCR MF and ionizing radiation.

METHODSPeripheral lymphocytes were collected from 8 healthy adults (4 males and 4 females) and cultured in vitro with 12 well culture plates. They were stimulated by PHA-P and IL-2 after exposed to different doses of irradiation (0.00 - 8.00 Gy) and cultured for 7 d. The dose-effect curve was established after measuring TCR MF using flow cytometry. Also, using the same method, we separated and cultured the peripheral lymphocytes collected from 16 radiotherapy cancer patients, whose radiation styles and doses were different, and then measured TCR MF to estimate the whole equivalent dose of radiotherapy patients through the dose-effect curve. Peripheral blood was collected and cultured, chromosome aberration (dicentric and ring) was determined under microscope to estimate irradiation dose.

RESULTSThe relationship of dose-effect between the TCR MF and ionizing radiation (0.00 - 8.00 Gy) was well, the curve of large dose group (2.00 - 8.00 Gy), low dose group (0.00 - 1.00 Gy) and 0.00 - 8.00 Gy dose group were met with the quadratic polynomial model, the equation was TCR MF = -32.8579 + 20.5436D + 0.6341D(2), TCR MF = 1.796 + 0.017D + 5.155D(2) and TCR MF = -0.6229 + 6.305D + 0.6919D(2), respectively. D was the radiation dose (Gy). Using the established curve and the chromosome aberration method to estimate the systemic exposure dosage, the average relative deviation was 16.8%.

CONCLUSIONThe curve established by the TCR gene mutation analysis technology can be applied to exposure dose estimation of victims in ionization radiation accidents.

Case-Control Studies ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Female ; Genes, T-Cell Receptor ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation Rate ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; genetics ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical curative effect of the combination between medicine and acupoint flow on SOD, NO in patients with ulcerative colitis.

METHODTwo hundred sixty two patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into four groups: the patients in traditional Chinese medicine group were fed with changpikang, the patients in ear acupoint group were pasted and pressed spleen, large intestine, sympathesis, subcortex; the patients in medicine and acupoint group were taken with Changpikang and ear acupoint; the patients in treatment group were treated by taking sulfasalazine, with a treatment course of four weeks. The changes of SOD, NO before and after treatments were recored.

RESULTThere was a significant difference between four groups before and after treatment (P < 0.05), medicine and acupoint group was superior to that others (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe method of combination between medicine and acupoint could increase the contents of SOD, decrease the level of NO, elevate the potential of organism to resist oxygen free radical and promote intestinal tract ulcer concrescence.

Acupuncture, Ear ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Sulfasalazine ; therapeutic use ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences of expressions of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) in ejaculated spermatozoa between healthy volunteers and the patients with asthenospermia.

METHODSEjaculated spermatozoa were collected from healthy volunteers and the patients with asthenospermia. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mRNA expression of AC and PDE subtypes in human spermatozoa. The concentrations of cAMP and cGMP in the samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSCompared with healthy volunteers, expression of sAC mRNA and concentration of cAMP were significantly decreased in the patients with asthenospermia (P < 0.01) , while the expression of PDE4C mRNA was significantly increased at the same time (P <0.01). There were no marked differences in the expression of ACIII mRNA and concentration of cGMP between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe sAC down-regulation and PDE4C up-regulation are possible reasons for asthenospermia.

Adenylyl Cyclases ; biosynthesis ; Asthenozoospermia ; metabolism ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; biosynthesis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism

Objective To observe the influences of Ganfujian Formula on the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TβRII-mRNA, Smad2/3, Smad4 and Smad7 in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by porcine serum.Methods The hepatic fibrosis model was established in SD rats by the intraperitoneal injection of porcine serum (0.5 mL, twice a week for 8 weeks). The rats then were given Ganfujian Formula orally in different doses (1.50 g/kg, 2.25 g/kg and 3.0 g/kg) and colchicines (0.154 g/kg) respectively until the end of 12th week. The expressions of TGF-β1 and TβRII-mRNA were detected by using RT-PCR and the expressions of Smad2/3, Smad4 and Smad7 were detected by applying Western blotting method.Results In the model group, compared with the normal control group, the expressions of TGF-β1 and TβRII-mRNA, Smad2/3 and Smad4 increased significantly and Smad7 expression decreased significantly. After the treatment with Ganfujian Formula the expressions of TGF-β1 and TβRII-mRNA were reduced in the treatment group compared with the model group. Ganfujian Formula regulated downward the expressions of Smad2/3 and Smad4, and regulated upward Smad7 expression at the same time.Conclusion Ganfujian Formula can inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and TβRII-mRNA, regulates downward the expressions of Smad2/3 and Smad4, and regulates upward Smad7 expression. It may be its one of the mechanisms for curing hepatic fibrosis that it has an obvious influence on hepatic TGF-β and Smad signal pathway.