Brain ; pathology ; Caudate Nucleus ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Huntingtin Protein ; Huntington Disease ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Trinucleotide Repeats ; genetics

It is one of the main characters of malignant tumors that malignant tumor cells invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant tissues .Multiple factors are involved in this complicated dynamic process .Metastasis is the major factor influencing recurrence and prognosis .Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism of invasion and metastasis for reducing recurrence rate and mortality of malignant tumors .Engulfment and cell mobility ( ELMO) family is one kind of conserved protein in evolutional process .It includes 3 members, ELMO1, ELMO2 and ELMO3.The members of ELMO family play an important role in cell phagocytosis and cell migration , and they also have close correlation with ma-lignant tumor cell invasion and metastasis .In this paper , we review the progress of the relationship between ELMO family and malignant tumor invasion and metastasis .

Objective To observe the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the progress of rat subchronic fluorosis,and analyse the mechanism of nitric oxide(NO) free radical injnry in bone.Methods Male wistar rats were divided randomly by body weight into two groups.i.e.sodium fluoride group and control group.Sodium fluoride group was given drinking water with 150 mg/L sodium fluoride,and control group was given tap water only.The animals were bred for 24 weeks.Every four weeks some rats were killed.The contents of serum and bone fluoride were examined and analyzed.The levels of serum NO were determined by Griess Reagent.The expressions of iNOS mRNA and protein were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.Results The serum NO contents significantly increased(t=9.36,P＜0.01) in NaF-treated rats after 8 weeks[(19.94±3.04)nmol/L],but significantly decreased(t=10.47,4.46,P＜0.01) after 20 weeks[(11.55±3.54)nmol/L]and 24 weeks[(20.83±2.49)nmol/L],compared with control group[(9.11±1.21,31.13±3.93,33.10±7.37)nmol/L].The expression of iNOS mRNA significantly increased(t=13.09,4.82,14.23,4.64,7.82,5.29,P＜0.01)in rats treated with sodium fluoride[(1.87±0.11),(1.87±0.78),(1.90±0.29),(1.93±0.67),(1.88±0.38),(1.84±0.03)],compared with control group[(0.41±0.25),(0.30±0.17),(0.18±0.06),(0.63±0.15),(0.66±0.04),(0.65±0.55)],and these proteins mainly appeared in hyperplasie zone and hypertrophic zone cells of epiphyseal plate,cartilages,articular cartilage cells,osteoblasts and ligament cells.Conclusions High dose fluoride might persistentlv induce the expressions of iNOS and catalyze synthesis of NO,then regulates osteoblast and osteoclast activitv and finally influences bone turnover.

Objective To observe the expressions of matrix metal proteinases-13(MMP-13) mRNA and tissue inhibitor of metal protease- 1 (TIMP- 1) mRNA and analyse the molecular mechanism of bone matrix degradation in the progress of rat subchronic fluorosis. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups according to body weight, i.e. sodium floride group and control group. Rats in the sodium fluoride group were given drinking water containing 150 mg/L F-, and the animals in the control group were given tap water. The animals were bred for 24 weeks. Every 4 weeks some rats were killed. The change of obsteoclst was observed by transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of MMP-13 mRNA and TIMP-I mRNA were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results The number of lysesome and the synthesis of lysosoma enzyme in osteeclast were decreased. The expression of MMP-13 mRNA was significantly increased(t=2.29,2.41,3.07,2.52, 3.15,2.22, P<0.05) in rats treated with sodium fluoride (1.87±0.67,1.87±0.75,1.90±0.73,1.93±0.86,1.88±0.61,1.84±0.53), compared with control group(1.24±0.39, 1.19±0.27,1.07±0.22, I. 15 ~ 0.17, 1.17±0.18, 1.20±0.62). The expression of TIMP-1 mRNA was significantly increased (t=2.69,2.19,2.68,2.46,2.43,2.96, P<0.05) in rats treated with sodium fluoride(1.89±0.77,1.70±0.85,1.61±0.82,1.81±0.84,1.70±0.74, 2.06±0.96), compared with control group (1.07±0.39,0.87±0.49,0.71±0.48,0.99±0.43,0.95±0.46,0.89±0.57). Conclusion High dose fluoride might persistently induce the expressions of MMP-13 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA and may be involved in bone turnover.

Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids distributed widely in the nature and some have a broad application in clinic. More attention has been paid in recent years on this type of alkaloid, owing to the diverse range of biological activities exhibited by these alkaloids and the discovery of new functional mechanisms and molecular targets underlying these activities. This article summarized the recent advances in the biological activities and functional mechanism of tetrahydroisoquinoline, which included the activities such as antitumor, antibiotic, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulation, bronchodilation, and the action on central nervous system, with the purpose of providing some ideas in the study of biological activity of this type of alkaloid and in the search for lead-compound and rational drug design.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Anticonvulsants ; pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Bronchodilator Agents ; pharmacology ; Central Nervous System Agents ; pharmacology ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology

AIM:To reveal the role and function of engulfment and cell mobility 1 (ELMO1) in the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells.METHODS:The expression of ELMO1 at protein and mRNA levels was detected in 5 kinds of gastric cancer cells and 1 normal human gastric epithelial cells by Western blot and real-time PCR, and the gastric cancer cells with the highest expression of ELMO1 were screened out.The cell transfection experiment was used to silence ELMO1 expression in the gastric cancer cells, and the effect of ELMO1 silencing on the invasion and migration of the gastric cancer cells was detected by Transwell assay.RESULTS:The expression level of ELMO1 in the gastric cancer cells was significantly higher than that in human normal gastric epithelial cells (P<0.01), and the SGC7901 cells had the highest expression level of ELMO1.ELMO1-siRNA significantly silenced the expression of ELMO1 in the SGC7901 cells (P<0.01).Silencing of ELMO1 expression significantly reduced the invasion and migration abilities of the human gastric can-cer cells (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:ELMO1 is highly expressed in the gastric cancer cells, and promotes the invasion and migration abilities of the gastric cancer cells.ELMO1 may become an effective target for the treatment of invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D TEE) in the perventricular device occlusion of the ventricular septal defect (VSD).Methods Sixty patients underwent perventricular device occlusion of VSD were divided into two groups.Group A:30 patients,3D images of VSD were obtained intraoperatively by RT-3D TEE.3D images were analyzed and the maximal and minimum area and maximal diameter of VSD were measured in the cardiac cycle.The size of selected VSD occluder was the diameter calculated from the maximal area based on the formula πD2/4 and plus 1～2 mm.Simultaneously,two dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) images of VSD were obtained and measured on standard views.Group B:other 30 patients,intraoperative 2D TEE was performed to measure the diameter of VSD on standard views.The selection VSD occluder was based on the maximal diameter plus 1～2 mm.Results The VSDs shape showed oval,class round and irregular by RT-3D TEE imaging.There was a significant difference between the maximal area and smallest area of VSD appeared in the cardiac cycle obtained by RT-3D TEE (P<0.01).There was a significant difference between the maximal diameter by measurement of RT-3D TEE and 2D TEE (P<0.01).Of all 30 patients with evaluation of VSD size based on the RT-3D TEE,1.1 times attempts of device occlusion were performed on one patient (33/30).Of the other 30 cases with evaluation of VSD size by 2D TEE,2 cases were failed with device occlusion because of instant residual shunt.Of the remaining 28 cases,1.43 attempts of device occlusion were performed on one patient (40/28).Conclusions RT-3D TEE can accurately reveal the size of VSD,and aid in the selection of VSD occluder in the device occluding procedure of VSD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in breast carcinoma tissues and its association with microvessel density (MVD), and explore the relationship between FAK-mediated cell signaling and angiogenesis in breast carcinoma.

METHODSFAK and CD34 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry with SP method in 88 breast carcinoma tissues and 30 tissues of benign breast disease. The correlations of FAK protein expression with MVD marked with CD34 and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed in breast carcinoma.

RESULTSIn the 88 breast carcinomas, the positivity rate of FAK was 68.2% (60/88) with MVD of (34.52-/+13.11) /HPE, showing significant differences from those of the benign disease group (P<0.01). FAK expression and MVD in breast carcinoma tissues were positively related to tumor size, axillary lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P<0.05), but not to the patients' age or histopathological grade of the tumors (P>0.05). In breast carcinoma, the expression of FAK was positively related to MVD (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSFAK protein expression and MVD are closely correlated with the invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma. FAK expression can promote angiogenesis of breast carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Female ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism

Objective:To study the relationship among lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2 ) gene A379V and T403V locus polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods:Lp‐PLA2 gene A379V and T403V locus polymorphisms of 160 coronary angiography confirmed CHD patients (CHD group ) and 117 healthy subjects (healthy control group ) were measured using gene sequencing technique .ELISA was used to measure blood lipids and plasma Lp‐PLA2 level in two groups ,and they were compared between two groups . Results:Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in age ,male proportion ,plasma levels of hs‐cTnI ,hsCRP ,TC ,LDL‐C , Lp (a) ,WBC ,mononuclear cells (MNCs) and Lp‐PLA2 [ (119.98 ± 49.41) ng/ml vs .(248.59 ± 76.51) ng/ml] ,and significant reduction in HDL‐C level in CHD group ( P<0.01 all) .The CC , CT , TT genotype and C , T allele were de‐tected all in A379V and T403C locus of two groups .Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in frequencies of CC genotype (1.7% vs .9.3% ) and C allele (13.7% vs .20.3% ) of Lp‐PLA2 gene T403C locus in CHD group , P< 0.05 both . All genotypes and alleles of A379V locus possessed no significant difference between CHD and healthy control group . Conclusion:Plasma Lp‐PLA2 level may be related to CHD risk .Lp‐PLA2 gene T403C locus poly‐morphism possesses certain relationship with genetic susceptibility of CHD .

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the changes of behavior after ketamine anesthesia, and changes of serum antibodies against beta-amyloid (Abeta) and Abeta protein in the hippocampus of aged rats, thus exploring the effects of EA on the cognitive dysfunction.

METHODSThirty 14-month old SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, i. e. , the control group (Group A), the ketamine anesthesia group (Group B), and the EA+ketamine anesthesia group (Group C), 10 in each group. 50 mg/kg katemine was intraperitoneally injected to rats in Group B and Group C, once daily for 7 successive days. EA was performed to rats in Group C from the 1st day of the experiment after rats awoke completely from anesthesia, twice daily for 7 successive days. Changes of the ratio of the swim time in the original platform quadrant to the total swim time and the escape latency phase were observed by Morris water maze. The peripheral blood was withdrawn by the end of the experiment. Serum anti-Abeta antibody contents were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of Abeta in the hippocampus were detected using Westen blot.

RESULTSLong-term application of ketamine could lower aged rats' cognitive function. In the navigation test, the escape latency phase of rats in Group B was significantly prolonged ( P < 0.01) . On the 7th day of the experiment, the serum level of anti-Abeta antibodies was lower in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05), while the serum level of anti-Abeta antibodies was significantly higher in Group C than in Group B (P < 0.01). On the 7th day of the experiment, the expression of Abeta in the hippocampus was higher in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA could increase the contents of anti-Abeta antibodies in aged rats with ketamine anesthesia, decrease the expression of Abeta in the hippocampus, alleviate the deposition of Abeta, thus improving rats' cognitive dysfunction.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; immunology ; Anesthesia ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Antibodies ; blood ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Ketamine ; adverse effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley