OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of B cell-specific activator protein (BSAP)/Pax-5 in lymphomas.

METHODSOne hundred and two cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 3 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), 3 cases of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, 1 case of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), 10 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and 10 cases of plasmacytoma were studied immunohistochemically for BSAP and CD20.

RESULTSThe tumor cells in the 102 cases of DLBCL all expressed CD20, amongst which 100 cases also expressed BSAP. Three cases of FL, 3 cases of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and 1 case of NLPHL also expressed BSAP and CD20. All the ALCLs and plasmacytomas did not express BSAP and CD20. The expression rates of CD20 and BSAP were highly consistent. The intensity of staining showed no statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONSBSAP/Pax-5 is a novel B-cell marker expressed in tumor nuclei of B-cell lymphomas. Though less sensitive than CD20, anti-BSAP has diagnostic value in routine surgical pathology practice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; PAX5 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Plasmacytoma ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the roles of histologic examination and polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis (TL).

METHODSForty-six archival cases of histologically diagnosed TL, encountered during the period from April, 1999 to September, 2009 and with the paraffin-embedded lymph node tissue blocks available, were enrolled into the study. The presence of genome fragments of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was analyzed using semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty cases of one or two histopathologic triad of TL as the controls.

RESULTSThe positive rate of PCR in TL group was 76.1% (35/46), as compared to 10.0% (3/30) in the control group. The difference was of statistical significance. The sensitivity and specificity of the histologic triad in diagnosing TL was 92.1% (35/38) and 71.1% (27/38), respectively. The predictive value of positive and negative PCR results was 76.1% (35/46) and 90.0% (27/30). respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe high specificity but low sensitivity of applying the histologic triad in diagnosing TL cases may be due to the occurrence of atypical histologic pattern. The sensitivity is improved with the use of semi-nested PCR in detecting T. gondii DNA.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; DNA, Protozoan ; analysis ; Female ; Genome, Protozoan ; genetics ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphadenitis ; diagnosis ; genetics ; parasitology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Staining and Labeling ; Toxoplasma ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Toxoplasmosis ; diagnosis ; genetics ; parasitology ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the status of cell differentiation in nasal NK/T cell lymphomas.

METHODSThe clinical data of 88 cases of NK/T cell lymphomas were collected. Antibodies to the following antigens were used in the immunohistochemical study: T cell differentiation antigens (CD3epsilon, CD5 and CD1a); NK cell associated antigens (CD56, CD57) and antibodies of CD34 and CD38.

RESULTS(1) Clinicopathology: clinically, frequently involved sites were the nasal cavity and the pharynx. Ulceration and erosion of the mucosa were common signs. Pathologically, diffuse infiltration of the tumor cells was observed in 68 of 88 (70.45%) cases of nasal NK/T cell lymphomas. In 71 (80.68%) cases infiltrated cells were predominantly medium to large sized; (2) Differentiation status of tumor cells: the tumor cells expressed CD3epsilon in 78/88 (88.64%); CD5 in 56/88 (63.63%), CD56 in 25/88 (28.41%) and no positivity for CD1a, CD57, CD34 and CD38.

CONCLUSIONStatus of tumor cell differentiation in nasal NK/T cell lymphoma may have passed the stage of progenitor cell differentiation but not yet to the stage of mature T or NK cells.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate pathomorphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the bone marrow involvement of lymphoma and its significance in the diagnosis and subtype of lymphoma with bone marrow involvement.

METHODSOne hundred and eighty eight formalin fixed and paraffin embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens were studied. Immunohistochemical staining was performed.

RESULTS(1) Five patterns of bone marrow involvement of lymphoma were found, including diffuse (44.9%), focal (29.3%), interstitial (11.6%) and nodular (6.1%). (2) There were many subtypes of lymphoma in these cases, the most common type was lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (21.7%). (3) The lymphomas in bone marrow biopsy had their own special characteristics of morphology and immunophenotype as did in extra-medullar lymphomas. (4) Fibrosis (75.8%) and hematopoietic tissue hypoplasia (71.1%) were found in most cases and necrosis in a few cases.

CONCLUSIONSMost cases of bone marrow involvement of lymphoma could be diagnosed and classified by combination of histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Diagnosis of some cases could be made only after the review of pathological changes of lymph node. A few cases were difficult to classify their subtypes of lymphoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

OBJECTIVETo explore the prognostic factors of primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (N-DLBCL).

METHODSAccording to the 2001 WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, 51 cases of primary N-DLBCL were collected for clinical data analysis and immunohistochemical assay. Antibodies used for study were anti-CD20, CD79alpha, CD45RO, CD3, Bcl-2, Ki-67, CD30, CD15, kappa, lambda, Cyclin D1, TdT, GFAP, CK, MPO. The survival data was analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 51 cases of N-DLBCLs, 40 were reclassified as centroblastic, 3 B-immunoblastic, 1 T-cell/histiocytes rich, 2 B-cell anaplastic large cell, 1 plasmablastic, and 4 unclassified. Expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein was observed in 24 cases (47.1%). The median Ki-67 index was 50.0% and the index more than 40% was found in 35 cases (68.6%). Survival analysis of 35 cases had follow up data showed that the 2 year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 48.54% and 35.30%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates patients with International Prognosis Index (IPI) >/= 3 was lower than that with IPI < 3 (P < 0.01). The 5-year OS rates for patients with B symptoms was lower than that without B symptoms (P < 0.05). The 5-year OS rates for patients with Ki-67 index more than 40% was lower than that with less than 40% (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein was uncorrelated to prognosis (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIPI, B symptoms and Ki-67 index are the prognostic factors for patients with N-DLBCL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD20 ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cyclin D1 ; analysis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-1 Antigen ; analysis ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; analysis ; Lewis X Antigen ; analysis ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the lineage of the malignant cells in malignant histiocytosis.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction with two groups of common primers for TCR-gamma gene was used to analyze the malignant cells of 28 autopsied cases of malignant histiocytosis.

RESULTSMonoclonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were detected in 12 out of the 28 samples (43%).

CONCLUSIONMost cases diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis in Southwest China seems to be peripheral T-cell lymphomas.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; CD56 Antigen ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Histiocytosis ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and the phosphorylation status of AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and their interrelationships and clinical pathological significance in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) patients.

METHODSImmunohistochemical and EnVision methods were used to detect the expression of ALK, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-4E-BP1 and p-p70S6K.

RESULTSAmong the 81 ALCL patients, 51 (63.0%) expressed ALK, whereas the other 30 (37.0%) did not. Patients with ALK(+) ALCL had a better prognosis than those with ALK-ALCL (P < 0.05). Out of the 71 ALCL samples studied, p-AKT was detected in 54 (76.1%) samples and its phosphorylation was correlated with ALK expression (P < 0.05); p-mTOR was detected in 57 (80.3%) samples and its expression was correlated with both ALK and p-AKT (P < 0.05); p-4E-BP1 and p-p70S6K were detected in 64 (90.1%) and 66 (93.0%) samples respectively, and their expressions were related with p-mTOR (P < 0.05), but not with ALK or p-AKT (P > 0.05). COX Proportional Hazard Model analysis showed that both the expression of ALK and the B symptoms affected the prognosis (P < 0.05), moreover, the former had greater impact than the later.

CONCLUSIONExpressions of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-4E-BP1 and p-p70S6K are detected in ALCL, while ALK(+) cases have higher incidence than those with ALK(-) cases. Phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR is correlated with ALK expression, suggesting that there is an activated pathway of AKT/mTOR in patients with ALK(+) ALCL, but the activation have no obvious prognostic significance.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphoproteins ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL).

METHODSTwo autopsy cases of IVLBCL were retrieved from the archival file. The clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemistry and molecular findings were studied.

RESULTSThe deceased were 70-year-old and 50-year-old males. Both of them had complained of a sudden onset of weakness and numbness of lower extremities. The clinical course deteriorated rapidly, with multi-organ failure. They died 85 days and 44 days after the presentation, respectively. Post-mortem examination did not reveal any mass lesion, except the presence of multiple skin and epicardium nodules, ranging from 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm in diameter, in the first patient. Pericardial effusion, ascites and pleural effusion were also observed. Histologically, neoplastic lymphoid cells filled up the small vessel lumina in many organs, including brain, hypophysis, spinal cord, spinal nerve roots, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, digestive tract, pancreas, adrenal, thyroid, testes and lymph nodes. The tumor cells were relatively monotonous and of medium to large in size with round vesicular nuclei and 1 to 3 small basophilic nucleoli. Immunohistochemical study showed that the lymphoma cells expressed B-cell markers CD20 and CD79a, occasionally positive for CD5 and bcl-2 but negative for CD3, bcl-6, CD10, CD30, myeloperoxidase and cytokeratin. In-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA was negative. The proliferative index, as demonstrated by Ki-67 staining, was about 80%. Molecular study showed the presence of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement in both cases, T-cell receptor-gamma gene rearrangement was not found.

CONCLUSIONSIVLBCL may present as neurological disturbance and carries distinctive morphologic characteristics, immunophenotype and molecular findings. The prognosis of this disease is often dismal.

Aged ; Antigens, CD20 ; analysis ; Autopsy ; B-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; virology ; CD79 Antigens ; analysis ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Male

Objective Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has a good prospect of application for cerebral infarction,but the environment and the inflammatory response to ischemia and hypoxia after cerebral infarction are not con-ducive to the survival of transplanted cells. This article investigated the effects of Shuxue Tongmai capsule(SXTM) combined with BM-SCs transplantation on the improvement of cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Methods A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was es-tablished in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats using thread method and these 15 SD rats were randomly divided into model group,BMSCs group and combination therapy group (BMSCs transplantation combined with SXTM treatment). At 24h after modeling,rats in combination therapy group were given tail vein injection of 1 mL BMSCs suspension (2× 109 per/L) and gavage administration of SXTM 0. 64 g/kg. Rats in BMSCs group were given tail vein injection of 1 mL BMSCs suspension (2×109 per/L) and gavage administration of equal volume of sa-line. For model group,the rats were given tail vein injection of equal volume of PBS and gavage administration of equal volume of sa-line. Neurologic function was assessed before cell transplantation and at 3,7,14,28 days after cell transplantation to check the injury of neurologic function. At 28 days after transplantion,the rats were decapitated after anesthesia to take brain tissues for immunohisto-chemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) protein expression. Mor-phological changes of the brain tissue and apoptosis in cortical neurons were observed and detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL,respectively. Results At 7,14,28 days after transplantation,the neurological defect score in combination therapy group was significantly lower than those of model group and BMSCs group(P<0.05). In each group,the neurological defect score at 3 days after transplantation was significantly decreased compared with those before transplantation(P<0.05). In the same group,the neurologi-cal defect scores at 14,28 days after transplantation were significantly decreased compared with those at 7 days after transplantation (P<0.05). The neurological defect scores at 14,28 days after transplantation were significantly decreased compared with those at 7 days after transplantation(P<0.05). The neurological defect score at 28 day after transplantation was significantly decreased compared with that at 7 day after transplantation(P<0.05). At 28 day after transplantation,the number of apoptotic cells in combination therapy group (51.40±4.04) was significantly fewer than those of model group (74.80±5.31) and BMSCs group (67.20±4.66) and the num-ber of apoptotic cells in BMSCs group was significantly decreased compared with model group(P<0.05). The results of immunohisto-chemistry showed that the VEGF and BDNF positive cells in the cerebral ischemic region of rats were brownish or sepia in color. Com-pared with model group,the expression levels of VEGF and BDNF protein in BMSCs group and combination therapy group were signifi-cantly increased (P<0.05),and that of combination therapy group was significantly increased compared with BMSCs(P<0.05). Conclusion SXTM combined with BMSCs transplantation can promote neurological recovery from cerebral ischemia by increasing the protein expression of VEGF and BDNF and reducing neuronal apoptosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Hodgkin Disease ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; PAX5 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Trans-Activators ; metabolism ; Young Adult