OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of the binding ability of the dihydrotestosterone(DHT) in prostate.

METHODSTwenty-two normal prostate tissues taken from accident-death corpses without serious diseases, and cytosolic and nuclear fractions were prepared with all the endogenous hormone removed from the cytosolic and nuclear fractions by ether stripping. The content of the bound 3H-DHT was assayed by adding 3H-DHT.

RESULTSThe average DHT-binding capacity of the DHT-binding protein in prostate was (0.0263 +/- 0.0047) nmol/g wet tissue. The DHT-binding capacities of cytosolic and nuclear fractions were (0.0103 +/- 0.0015) nmol/g wet tissue and (0.0155 +/- 0.0035) nmol/g wet tissue respectively, and the difference between them was very significant(P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe DHT-binding capacity of the DHT-binding protein in prostate is high and maintaining the high DHT level facilitates the effect of DHT.

Adult ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Dihydrotestosterone ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Protein Binding

Objective To evaluate the effect of various iterative reconstruction methods on phase analysis of gated myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Methods Thirty consecutive patients scanned by the Philips CardioMD system were recruited into this study. The gated SPECT (GSPECT) data were reconstructed with filtered backprojection (FBP),maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM),three-di-mensional (3D) resolution recovery MLEM (AST),attenuation corrected (AC) MLEM,AC and 3D Monte Carlo scatter corrected (ACSC) MLEM methods. Parameters of left ventricular ( LV ) dyssynchrony ( phase standard deviation and histogram bandwidth) were measured using the software SyncTool. Paired t-test was used to compare the differences of the LV dyssynchrony indices between FBP and MLEM,AC MLEM,ACSC MLEM,AST respectively. Results The phase standard deviations of stress GSPECT MPI for FBP,MLEM,AC MLEM,ACSC MLEM,and AST were 11.6°,10.9°,11.2°,11.6°,11.4° respectively;while the histogram bandwidths were 35.7°,34.3°,35.1°,36.9°,35. 1 ° respectively. The phase standard deviations of rest GSPECT MPI for FBP,MLEM,AC MLEM,ACSC MLEM and AST were 15.2°,14. 5°,15.4° ,15. 4°,14.8° respectively; while the histogram bandwidths were 47.3°,46.4°,46.4° ,47.9°,46.1 ° respectively. No statistical significance was observed between the FBP and various iterative reconstruction methods for both the stress and rest GSPECT MPI study (t:-1. 179 to 1.554,P＞0.05 forall). Conclusion The standard FBP reconstruction method is accurate enough for the measurement of LV dyssynchrony indices using the widely used clinical software SyncTool.

The infection status of anisakid larvae was examined in 290 marine fish of 25 species and in 108 cephalopods of 3 species purchased in Bayuquan region, Yingko city nearby the coast of the Bohai Sea from may to August 1992. A total of 7,327 larvae were collected from 156 fish of 19 species and 8 squids of one species. The 3rd-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex were collected from 121 fish (63.4%) of 15 species (N = 191) and from 8 squids (14.8%) of one species (N = 54), and they were total, 5,992 (81.8%). Out of remaining 1,335 larvae, 154 (2.1%) were classified as Thynnascaris type B from 23 fish of 4 species, 1,013 (13.8%) as Thynnascaris type C from 79 fish of 13 species. 164 (2.2%) as Hysterothylacium China type V from 20 fish of 4 species, 3 (0.04%) as Raphidascaris from 3 fish of 2 species and one was Pseudoterranova decipiens larva.
Animal ; Anisakiasis/veterinary* ; Anisakiasis/parasitology ; Anisakiasis/epidemiology ; Anisakis/isolation & purification ; Anisakis/classification* ; China ; Fish Diseases/parasitology* ; Fish Diseases/epidemiology ; Fishes ; Larva ; Seawater ; Squid/parasitology*

OBJECTIVETo discuss the efficacy of total elbow replacement in the treatment of complex distal humeral fractures.

METHODSFrom May 2005 to October 2008 12 patients were retrospectively studied who were diagnosed complex fractures of the distal humerus and treated by total elbow replacement (Coonrad-Marrey). The mean age was 60 years old, the mean follow-up time was 12 months. According to AO classification, there was 3 C2 and 9 C3. The study included: pain evaluation, range of motion, elbow stability, muscle strength, complications, Mayo elbow score, DASH score, radiological assessment of ectopic bone formation and loosening.

RESULTSTwo cases with mild pain. The mean flexion is 98.3 degrees, extension limit is 17.9 degrees, mean pronation is 82.9 degrees and supination is 70.8 degrees. All joints were stable postoperatively. All patients were satisfied with the outcome. There was 1 case of superficial soft tissue nonhealing and 2 cases of ulnar nerve symptoms. No ectopic bone formation or loosening was found. Mayo elbow score was 3 cases of excellent and 9 cases of good. The mean DASH score was 41.3.

CONCLUSIONTotal elbow replacement can be used in such conditions as severe osteoporosis, severe comminution that internal plates can not get stable fixation, severe cartilage damage (because of fracture or inflammatory arthritis) that indicate traumatic or inflammatory arthritis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Elbow ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDOverexpression of Bcl-2 protein in cancer cells can inhibit programmed cell death and engender chemoresistance. Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide (G3139) has shown its antitumor effects enhanced in preclinical models when combined with taxol-based chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of G3139 combined with epirubicin in the androgen-independent prostate cancer.

METHODSPC3 prostate cancer cell line was cultured and treated with epirubicin and Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide alone or in combination. The effects of therapeutic agents on cells were determined by the MTT assay. Expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein was documented by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis induction was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis.

RESULTSBcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide alone produced no cytotoxic effects and the combination of Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide with epirubicin sensitized PC-3 cells to the killing effects of chemotherapy. A marked down-regulation of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein was observed after antisense and epirubicin cotreatment. A statistically significantly higher fraction of apoptotic cells was detected by flow-cytometric analysis after epirubicin treatment with prior antisense Bcl-2 transfenction, as compared with mono antisense Bcl-2 or epirubicin treatment.

CONCLUSIONThese data suggested that inhibition of Bcl-2 expression combined with epirubicin may be an attractive therapeutic strategy in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; genetics ; Epirubicin ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of work needed to release adhesion in the early stage of flexor tendon healing.

METHODSEighty-four profoundus flexor tendons of the 3rd toe of Sanhuang chicken were severed and repaired by either Modified Kessler technique or Tsuge technique randomly. At 0, 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 d after the operation, 6 tendons from each repair technique group were harvested and tested by biomechanical test machine. An elongation force-elongation distance curve was obtained and work of adhesion release was calculated in this curve. Whether adhesion band had been released or not was confirmed by gross inspection immediately after the test.

RESULTSWork of adhesion release: this work significantly increased at the 7th day in Modified Kessler group and at the 10th day in Tsuge group. Modified Kessler group was significantly higher than Tsuge group at the 7th day. At the 21st day after operation, adhesion could not be effectively released by full range excursion of flexor tendon profoundus.

CONCLUSIONWork of adhesion release begins to increase significantly since the 7th approximately 10th day postoperatively. At the 21st day after the operation, adhesion could not be fully released by full range of flexor tendon profoundus flexion.

Animals ; Chickens ; Male ; Stress, Mechanical ; Suture Techniques ; Tendon Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tendons ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Tensile Strength ; Time Factors ; Tissue Adhesions ; physiopathology ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo compare the biomechanical characteristics of 2 different repair methods:Modified Kessler and Tsuge.

METHODSEighty-four profound flexor tendons of 3(rd) toe of Sanhuang chicken were severed and repaired by either Modified Kessler or Tsuge method randomly. Six repaired tendons for each repair method were harvested at 0, 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 days after operation and tested in an Instron 1185 biomechanical testing machine. An elongation force-elongation distance curve was obtained, and biomechanical meters (including rupture force and rupture work) were calculated from this curve.

RESULTSRupture force: rupture force significantly decreased at 10(th) and 14(th) day in both repair groups, and returned to immediate level at 21(st) day in Modified Kessler group but not in Tsuge group; Tsuge method was significantly higher than Modified Kessler group at time-points immediately and 7 days after operation. Rupture work: this work significantly decreased at 10(th) (65.17 mJ) and 14(th) (40.0 mJ) day and resumed to immediate level at 21(st) day in Modified Kessler group; While in Tsuge group, it decreased significantly at 14(th) and 21(st) day. Tsuge method was significantly higher than Modified Kessler group only at time 0.

CONCLUSIONThe biomechanical properties decrease significantly after 10(th) day at both repair method groups. It resumes to immediate level at 21(st) day in Modified Kessler group. There is no significant difference after 10(th) day between both repair methods.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Chickens ; Disease Models, Animal ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Suture Techniques ; Tendon Injuries ; surgery ; Tendons ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biomechanics effect due to unilateral cortical bone defect of different size in long tubular bone.

METHODSSeventy-six pieces of Sanhuang cock tibial were randomly divided into 7 groups. The unilateral diaphyses cortical were drilled holes of different size, include 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.5 mm, performed three-points bend single experiment. The intact bone cortical group was control group.

RESULTSWhen there were bone structure destructions, the maximum of the bend load between 3 groups which bone defect diameter were 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and control was not significant difference (P = 0.824, 0.865), but the maximum of the bend load between 3 groups which bone defect diameter were 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm decreasing about 14 percent of the control group (P = 0.015, 0.010, 0.021). and the maximum of the bend load which bone defect diameter were 4.5 mm decrease about 23 percent of the control group (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSIf the diameter of bone cortical defect is within 22.63 +/- 1.39 percent of bone cortical outer diameter, there was no reduction of the bend load. If the diameter of bone cortical defect is beyond 29.36 +/- 2.07 percent of bone cortical outer diameter, it decreases the maximum bend load of the long tubular bone, but the reduced range is not complete with direct ratio to the bone defect size.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Chickens ; Diaphyses ; injuries ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tibia ; injuries ; physiopathology ; Weight-Bearing

BACKGROUNDLaparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been considered to be safe and feasible. However, few studies focused on the comparison between the anatomic and nonanatomic LLR. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative factors and outcomes of the anatomic and nonanatomic LLR, especially the area of liver parenchymal transection and blood loss per unit area.

METHODSIn this study, surgical and oncological data of patients underwent pure LLR procedures for malignant liver tumor were prospectively collected. Blood loss per unit area of liver parenchymal transection was measured and considered as an important parameter. All procedures were conducted by a single surgeon.

RESULTSDuring nearly 5 years, 84 patients with malignant liver tumor received a pure LLR procedure were included. Among them, 34 patients received anatomic LLR and 50 received nonanatomic LLR, respectively. Patients of the two groups were similar in terms of demographic features and tumor characteristics, despite the tumor size was significantly larger in the anatomic LLR group than that in the nonanatomic LLR group (4.77 ± 2.57 vs. 2.87 ± 2.10 cm, P = 0.001). Patients who underwent anatomic resection had longer operation time (364.09 ± 131.22 vs. 252.00 ± 135.21 min, P < 0.001) but less blood loss per unit area (7.85 ± 7.17 vs. 14.17 ± 10.43 ml/cm 2 , P = 0.018). Nonanatomic LLR was associated with more blood loss when the area of parenchymal transection was equal to the anatomic LLR. No mortality occurred during the hospital stay and 30 days after the operation. Moreover, there was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications. The disease-free and overall survival rates showed no significant differences between the anatomic LLR and nonanatomic LLR groups.

CONCLUSIONSBoth anatomic and nonanatomic pure LLR are safe and feasible. Measuring the area of parenchymal transection is a simple and effective method to estimate the outcomes of the liver resection surgery. Blood loss per unit area is an important parameter which is comparable between the anatomic LLR and nonanatomic LLR groups.

Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Liver ; pathology ; surgery ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the three different methods in monitoring the lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants in lamivudine-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSThe sensitivity and specialty of melting curve assay and polymerase chain reaction microplate nucleotide hybridization-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PCRmnh-ELISA) were compared with those of mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (mPCR-RFLP) and sequence analysis, through detection of HBV YMDD mutants in 44 serums from chronic hepatitis B patients receiving lamivudine monotherapy at the time of viral breakthrough.

RESULTSmPCR-RFLP assay was more sensitive (10(4) copies/ml) than both PCRmnh-ELISA (10(5) copies/ml) and melting curve assay (10(6) copies/ml). 26 YMDD mutants and 18 wild-types were determined by the means of mPCR-RFLP. Among the 26 mutants, only 16 and 18 mutants were found by melting curve assay and PCRmnh-ELISA, respectively. Whereas, out of the 18 wild-types, 2 and 13 mutants were detected by melting curve assay and PCRmnh-ELISA, respectively. To confirm the different results determined by the three methods in 16 samples, sequence analysis was conducted and showed that the rate of consistency with sequencing was 93.8% by mPCR-RFLP, 43.8% by melting curve, and 18.8% by PCRmnh-ELISA, respectively (chi2=18.7, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe mPCR-RFLP assay is reliable to monitor HBV YMDD mutations. Melting curve assay and PCRmnh-ELISA should be further improved to increase their sensitivity and specialty.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Gene Products, pol ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sensitivity and Specificity