A vernier optometer, based on the Scheiner principle, that makes use of polarized light, is designed and developed. It is specialized in measurement of tonic accommodation, accommodation and accommodation response. The vernier optometer has been proved by chinical testing results, to be a reliable and effective instrument with fine stabilily, good repeatability and sensitivity for short sight study relating to oculogyral parameters.
Accommodation, Ocular ; Adult ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Myopia ; diagnosis ; Optometry ; instrumentation ; Refraction, Ocular ; Reproducibility of Results ; Visual Acuity

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been applied in ophthalmology for twenty years. It plays an important role in diagnosis of eye diseases, especially in glaucoma. After years of research, It has been developed in its structure, sensors, imaging technology and applied research.
Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Microscopy, Acoustic

PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics and investigate the differences of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) between the eyes with a natural, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/12 and eyes with highly myopic eyes in Korean adults. METHODS: Thirty-one eyes of 20 subjects with UCVA of 20/12 (Group 1) and 54 eyes of 36 myopic patients with greater than -6 diopters (Group 2) were analyzed for type and magnitude of HOAs across a 6.0 mm pupil. HOAs were measured by Wavescan (VISX, Santa Clara, CA, USA) in natural scotopic conditions and were presented as root-mean-square (RMS: micrometer) in Belle aberration maps. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent (SE) of manifest refraction was -0.15+/-0.25 D (range: +0.37 to -0.50 D) in Group 1 and -7.25+/-0.78 D (range: -6.00 to -9.25 D) in Group 2. The total root-mean-square (RMS) values of HOAs for Group 1 and Group 2 were 0.28+/-0.09 micrometer and 0.27+/-0.087 micrometer, respectively (P>0.05). The mean values of coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration were 0.14+/-0.091 micrometer, 0.14+/-0.089 micrometer, 0.091+/-0.059 micrometer in Group 1 and 0.16+/-0.077 micrometer, 0.14+/-0.073 micrometer, 0.082+/-0.059 micrometer in Group 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study helped establish ocular aberration standards for those with natural supervision and those with highly myopic eyes among Koreans. Individuals with natural supervision had significant amounts of HOAs, and there was no significant difference in the amount of HOAs between the two groups. The index of higher-order aberrations may not be a perfect predictor of the amount of refractive error.
Adult ; Cornea/*physiopathology ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; *Myopia/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Prevalence ; *Refraction, Ocular ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surface Properties ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics and investigate the differences of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) between the eyes with a natural, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/12 and eyes with highly myopic eyes in Korean adults. METHODS: Thirty-one eyes of 20 subjects with UCVA of 20/12 (Group 1) and 54 eyes of 36 myopic patients with greater than -6 diopters (Group 2) were analyzed for type and magnitude of HOAs across a 6.0 mm pupil. HOAs were measured by Wavescan (VISX, Santa Clara, CA, USA) in natural scotopic conditions and were presented as root-mean-square (RMS: micrometer) in Belle aberration maps. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent (SE) of manifest refraction was -0.15+/-0.25 D (range: +0.37 to -0.50 D) in Group 1 and -7.25+/-0.78 D (range: -6.00 to -9.25 D) in Group 2. The total root-mean-square (RMS) values of HOAs for Group 1 and Group 2 were 0.28+/-0.09 micrometer and 0.27+/-0.087 micrometer, respectively (P>0.05). The mean values of coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration were 0.14+/-0.091 micrometer, 0.14+/-0.089 micrometer, 0.091+/-0.059 micrometer in Group 1 and 0.16+/-0.077 micrometer, 0.14+/-0.073 micrometer, 0.082+/-0.059 micrometer in Group 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study helped establish ocular aberration standards for those with natural supervision and those with highly myopic eyes among Koreans. Individuals with natural supervision had significant amounts of HOAs, and there was no significant difference in the amount of HOAs between the two groups. The index of higher-order aberrations may not be a perfect predictor of the amount of refractive error.
Adult ; Cornea/*physiopathology ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; *Myopia/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Prevalence ; *Refraction, Ocular ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surface Properties ; Visual Acuity

This paper presents a vision-based method for the width of NC membrane online inspection. In the production of bio-test strip, the number of antigen or antibody which is coated on the membrane depends on the width and the uniformity of test line T and control line C. People should control the width and the uniformity strictly to ensure the accuracy of lines in order to achieve quantitative inspection with high sensitivity. And online inspection must be done, it cannot be processed when the solution has been dry up. This paper gives a design of online inspection system based on linear charge-coupled device (linear CCD), it makes such advantages in terms of speed, accuracy, and the operation to achieve real-time, online inspection.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gold Colloid ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; instrumentation ; Online Systems ; Photometry ; instrumentation ; Reagent Strips ; Vision Tests ; instrumentation ; methods ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

An instrument for subjective measurement of tonic accommodation has been established based on the Badal system and Scheiner principle. The results of tonic accommodation between subjective measurement and objective measurement have no significant difference. Its establishment is important for the measurement of accommodation parameter in the myopia research center.
Accommodation, Ocular ; physiology ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Optometry ; instrumentation ; methods ; Refractometry ; instrumentation ; methods ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare conventional laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and LPI combined with laser peripheral iridoplasty in eyes with primary angle closure suspect (PACS) by assessment of anterior chamber dimensional changes using a Pentacam. METHODS: Forty-eight eyes of 24 subjects with bilateral PACS were recruited consecutively. Each eye was randomly allocated to treatment with conventional LPI, argon LPI only, or LPI plus iridoplasty, which consisted of simultaneous argon LPI and peripheral iridoplasty. Anterior chamber measurements were performed on each eye using a Pentacam, both before and after treatment. Mean anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle were measured, and topographic ACD analysis was performed. Results were compared between the two treatment groups. RESULTS: After treatment with either conventional LPI or LPI plus iridoplasty, the mean ACD and ACV increased significantly. Topographic ACD analysis revealed that the mid-to-peripheral ACD increase was significantly greater in the LPI plus iridoplasty group than in eyes treated with conventional LPI. Intraocular pressure changes and post-LPI complications did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional LPI, our study showed that LPI plus iridoplasty improved the mid-to-peripheral ACD increase. This procedure may have a role as an adjunct for reducing angle closure by simultaneously eliminating pupillary and non-pupillary block components.
Adult ; Aged ; Anterior Chamber/*pathology/surgery ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/*instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/pathology/physiopathology/*surgery ; Gonioscopy ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iridectomy/*methods ; Iris/pathology/*surgery ; Laser Therapy/*methods ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Tonometry, Ocular

Retinitis Punctata Albescens is a condition characterized by night blindness and the presence of multiple small discrete white dots scattered over the fundus except in the macular area. Progressive form is progressive loss of the visual field, deterioration of central vision, anomalies of color vision, night blindness, some optic atrophy and occasionally appearance of pigmentary changes. Stationary form is benign evolution, little or no constriction of the visual field, good visual acuity and the presence of white dots in the fundus without pigmentary changes. Recently, the authors have been experienced Retinitis Punctata Albescens in 50-year-old male whose complaint was night blindness and slight impairment of visual acuity. Clinical, ophthalmoscopic examination, visual field test, color vision test, fluorescein angiography and electroretinography were performed in patient.
Color Vision ; Constriction ; Electroretinography ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Night Blindness ; Optic Atrophy ; Retinitis* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

Little is known about the natural history and management of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) which developed as a complication of laser photocoagulation for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). We experienced two patients with CNV which developed after laser treatment for CSC. Submacular membranectomy was performed on both cases after the confirmation of subretinal CNV with optical coherence tomography. One patient received photodynamic therapy for recurrent CNV. The vision of both patients has been improved over 6 months of follow up. These cases suggest that active intervention, including submacular surgery, improves the visual prognosis of this condition.
Adult ; Choroid Diseases/*surgery ; Choroidal Neovascularization/etiology/*surgery ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Female ; Human ; Interferometry ; Laser Coagulation/*adverse effects ; Light ; Male ; Retinal Diseases/*surgery ; Tomography ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: We report two familial cases of occult macular dystrophy (OMD) presenting with a progressive decrease in central vision. CASE SUMMARY: Both patients exhibited a normal ophthalmologic examination including slit lamp biomicroscope, fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and full-field electroretinogram. However, there were central visual field defects on a Humphrey static visual field test (C 24-2) and abnormal multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) findings affecting the central portion of the test field. Foveal thinning was also observed by optical coherence tomography images in 1 case. These findings are consistent with the clinical characteristics of occult macular dystrophy, and close observation was recommended. CONCLUSIONS: OMD is a disease characterized by a reduction in central visual acuity without visible fundus abnormalities and full field ERG. It may be misdiagnosed as optic nerve disease, a central nervous system problem, non-organic visual disorder or malingering; therefore, mfERG is essential for the diagnosis of this rare type of macular dystrophy.
Central Nervous System ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vision Disorders ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields