Diagnosis of maxillofacial lesions is very difficult. Recent developments in computed tomography enable the production of three dimnesional images of complex anatomical structures from a series of conventional computed tomographic sections. Methods of three-dimensional analysis of computed tomographic images have recently been described. Mostly, reports have concentrated on applications relative to congenital deformities. In this report, one method of three dimensional reformatting is reviews. Images formed by this method have solid surface appearance and can be color enhanced and manipulated to isolate anatomic structures of interest. The program allows tissue densities, volumes, and distances. This report emphasizes maxillofacial applications other than those previously reported in the surgical and radiological literature.]]>
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Surgery, Oral

PURPOSE: This paper describes the basic principles and the feasibility of the field of dental diagnosis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) used in diverse field of medical diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this review, the research data of OCT were searched from PubMed, medical journal and related papers. RESULTS: Generally, OCT is non-invasive and is possible to secure an excellent spatial resolution and real-time images of biological microstructure. CONCLUSION: This review discusses not only the basic principles of operation, types, advantages, disadvantages of OCT but also the future applications of OCT technology and their potential in the field of dental diagnosis.
Dentistry* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Oral ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

Humans ; Leukoplakia, Oral ; diagnosis ; Mouth Diseases ; diagnosis

The korean society of otolaryngology has had and experience on intraining examination since 1992. We also had the fortieth annual board examination for specialist in 1997. But we have no evidence on the validity of these tests yet. The aim of this study is to examine the validity of the intraining examinations as a tool of formative evaluation, to present a personal progress index demonstrating constructive validity, and to examine the validity of the board examination as a tool of summative evaluation. We did statistic analysis on the consecutive personal scores of 1995 and 1996 intraining examinations, and 1997 written and oral board examinations. Analysis of the averages, standard deviations, distribution curves, and Wilcoxon singed rank test on the scores of 1995 and 1996 intraining examinations demonstrated the constructive validity. Chi-square test revealed that those who had low scores in intraining examinations of two consecutive years had low scores in 1997 board examinations and personal progress index demonstrated the predictive validity. Correlation and linear regression analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between 1997 written and oral board examination. Analysis of the averages, standard deviations, distribution curves, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient revealed that 1997 written board examination had higher concurrent validity than the that of oral examination.
Diagnosis, Oral ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Otolaryngology* ; Specialization

The systematic school dental health programmes have been recognized as one of the most effective national dental health measures. This study was conducted to estimate the number of dentists required for the systematic school dental programmes in Korea applying the methodology recommended by WHO. Information necessary for the study was obtained by a mass oral examination to the 1241 primary and middle school students in Kang Wha area. First and 6th grade students from primary school and 3rd year students from middle school were specifically selected for the examination. The results are summarized below: 1) For the Type I program recommended by WHO, 1.8 dentists per 10,000 primary school children were estimated to be necessary. For the Type II program 2.5 dentists, Type III program 2.0 dentists, Type IV program 3.6 dentists per 10,000 primary school children were estimated to be necessary. In order to extend the systematic school dental programmes to the middle students, 2.0 dentists for the Type I program and 2.4 dentists for the Type II program 2.2 dentists for the Type III program, 3.6 dentists for the Type IV program per 10,000 students were estimated to be necessary. 2) If we assume that prophylaxis are done by hygienist, for the Type I program 1.3 dentists and 0.5 hygienist, for the Type II program 1.8 dentists and 0.7 hygienist, for the Type III program 1.3 dentists and 0.7 hygienist, for the Type III program 2.2 dentists and 1.4 hygienists per 10,000 primary school students were estimated to be necessary. In order to extend this program to the middle school, 1.4 dentists and 0.6 hygienist for the Type I program, 1.6 dentists and 0.8 hygienist for the Type II program, 1.4 dentists and 0.8 hygienist for the Type III program, 2.2 dentists and 1.4 hygienist for the Type IV program per 10.000 students were estimated to be necessary.
Child ; Dentists ; Diagnosis, Oral ; Humans ; Korea

Candidiasis, Oral ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans

Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; diagnosis ; therapy

Humans ; Leukoplakia, Oral ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Mouth Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; Oral Submucous Fibrosis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Precancerous Conditions ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare short-term and medium-term effects of gingival index (GI) and dental plaque index (PI), according to the tooth position through the oral hygiene education in the diabetic youth. METHODS: The total number of participants were 31 diabetics and 87 controls in the city of Daegu. Oral examination and professional oral hygiene care were performed among the 31 diabetic youth who consented to the study at the first visit. The professional oral hygiene care consisted of the tooth brushing method, oral prophylaxis, scaling, fluoride application, sealant and dental auxiliary education. We collected the data from all participants for the identification of oral condition at 2 weeks and 3 months. The #11, #14, #16, #31, #34, #36 teeth were selected for the measurement of the oral hygiene conditions. GI and PI were used for oral hygiene scores. The data was analyzed with SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: Both GI and PI were significantly decreased in the treatment group of the 31 diabetic youth in comparison to the controls, by tooth position compared to the baseline (P<0.001). In particular, GI measurements constantly decreased upto 3 months and the PI measurements decreased upto 2 weeks and increased slightly from 2 weeks to 3 months. In the GI measurements, the decrement of #14 was the highest (48.4%) and #36 was the lowest (25.2%) among all teeth. In the PI measurements, the decrement of #14 was the highest (45.5%) and #16 was the lowest (19.8%) among all teeth. In the control group, PI increased on all tooth positions, and GI increased on some tooth positions. CONCLUSIONS: The program of professional oral hygiene care in the diabetic youth has improved the oral health care when compared to the controls. We suggest that the sites where oral hygiene is more difficult to control have more oral hygiene education than the other sites.
Adolescent ; Dental Auxiliaries ; Dental Plaque Index ; Diagnosis, Oral ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Index ; Tooth

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral care interventions on stroke patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Oral hygiene levels, periodontal health, and presence of Candida were evaluated in patients who received an oral care intervention and control patients who did not receive the intervention. METHODS: In this study, 22 stroke patients who were admitted to the ICU between June 2011 and August 2012 underwent oral examinations and were provided with an oral care intervention that included tooth brushing with an interdental brush and the use of a chlorhexidine mouthwash (oral care group), while 21 patients who were admitted to the ICU during the same period did not receive the oral care intervention but underwent oral examination and served as controls (non-oral care group). In the oral care group, oral care was performed once a day for 1-5 weeks according to the general health of the patient. The patients in the oral care group underwent oral examination before and after the oral care intervention. Plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and presence of Candida were evaluated in both the groups. RESULTS: The plaque index and gingival index of the oral care group were significantly lower than those of the non-oral care group; however, no significant difference in CAL was observed. The levels of Candida in the oral care group were lower than those in the non-oral care group. However, no significant intergroup difference was observed in the levels of Candida. CONCLUSIONS: Oral care interventions improved oral health, including oral hygiene and periodontal health, of stroke patients in the ICU. Therefore, this study showed that oral care interventions can be effectively used to improve the oral health of stroke patients in the ICU.
Candida ; Chlorhexidine ; Diagnosis, Oral ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Index ; Stroke ; Tooth