No abstract available.
Diabetic Retinopathy*

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes, which is a cause of visual impairment and blindness. Its development and progression have been linked to dyslipidaemia, although the link remains inconclusive. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia among type 2 diabetic patients with DR in a tertiary setting and to determine the association between dyslipidaemia and DR severity. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study using retrospective data of type 2 diabetic patients attending the opthalmology clinic of a tertiary centre from January 2007 to June 2014. Results of their fasting lipid profile and clinical data were retrieved from the hospital information system. Results: A total of 178 patient’s data were collected. 120 (n=67.4%) patients had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NDPR) with moderate NPDR being the most prevalent. Dyslipidaemia was noted in 151 (84.8%) of the patients. Patients had a combination of more than one abnormality in the lipid profile with increased LDL-cholesterol being the main abnormality. Dyslipidaemia was however, not significantly associated with DR severity. Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia was highly prevalent in DR patients. The dyslipidaemia was however not associated with severity of DR.
Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a disease involving microangiopathic changes in response to chronic hyperglycaemia and pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) is currently the mainstay of treatment for proliferative retinopathy. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) on retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This was a prospective longitudinal study. Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or very severe non- (N)PDR requiring laser treatment were included in the study. PRP was performed by a single trained personnel. Peripapillary RNFL located 3.4 mm around the optic disc was evaluated using time-domain OCT. Examination was performed before treatment, and 2 and 4 months after laser treatment. In total, 39 subjects (39 eyes) were recruited into this study. Twenty-nine patients had PDR and 10 had very severe NPDR. Mean age was 54.97 ± 8.38 years. Male and female genders were almost equally distributed with 18 males and 21 females. Median thickness of average RNFL at baseline was 108.8 um (interquartile range [IQR] 35.3). At two months post-procedure, average RNFL thickness significantly increased to 117.4 (IQR 28.6; P = 0.006). Although, other quadrants revealed a similar trend of increasing thickness at two months but it was not significant. At 4 months post-laser treatment, RNFL thickness in all quadrants reduced to baseline levels with insignificant changes of thickness compared to prior to laser treatment. There was also no significant association between changes in RNFL thickness and HbA1c levels (P = 0.77). In conclusion, PRP causes transient thickening of the RNFL which recovers within 4 months post-laser treatment. At the same time, poor sugar control has no direct influence on the RNFL changes after PRP.
Diabetic Retinopathy

No abstract available.
Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Glucose*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the parameters of electroretinography[ERG]in eyes with diabetic retinopathy. The ERG responses were recorded in 46 normal subjects and 72 diabetic patients.We obtained the values of 12parameters from 5 basic responses and compared the changes of ERG parameters with the stages of diabetic retinopathy. The amplitude of oscillatory potentials decreased progressively from normal to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy[NPDR].The b-wave implicit time of cone response was delayed in eyes with moderate NPDR to high risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy[PDR]. The b-wave amplitude of rod response was reduced in eyes with mild to moderate NPDR.The a-wave amplitude of maximal combined response significantly decreased between severe NPDR and early PDR.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Electroretinography

No abstract available.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Retina*

The scanning laser ophthalmoscope was used to measure arm-retinal time(ART) and arteriovenous passage time(AVP) in 27 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathic eyes(NPDR eyes) and 22 normal controls. The ART in NPDR eyes(12.10 +/- 4.21 sec) was similar to that in normal eyes(12.79 +/- 3.59 sec). The AVPs measured from each quadrant were significantly longer in all quadrants in the NPDR eyes (2.41 +/- 0.85 sec in superior temporal quadrant (ST), 2.29 +/- 0.63 sec in inferior temporal one(IT) , 2.41+/-0.88 see in superior nasal one (SN), and 2.30 +/- 0.72 sec in inferior nasal one(IN)) than in normal eyes(1.73 +/- 0.61 sec in ST, 1.81 +/- 0.75 sec in IT, 1.83 +/- 0.58 sec in SN, and 1.83 +/- 0.58 sec in IN). This results suggest that retinal blood flow and its velocity are reduced in NPDR.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Ophthalmoscopes* ; Retinaldehyde*

No abstract available.
Choroid* ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Osteoma*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between diabetic macular edema diagnosed with stereoscopic slit-lamp and retinal thickness analyzer (RTA). METHODS: Diabetic macular edema diagnosed with stereoscopic slit-lamp was compared to indices of RTA in 50 eyes of 32 persons which were diagnosed clinically with diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: From stereoscopic slit-lamp results, diabetic macular edema was present in 39 of 50 eyes, and absent in 11 of 50. Foveal average thickness out of the RTA indices was 209.7+/-58.5 micrometer from observing diabetic macular edema clinically and 199.4+/-47.3 micrometer from not observing diabetic macular edema clinically. Statistically significant differences were found in average foveal thickness between the 2 groups (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: RTA appears to serve as a useful and sensitive tool for the diagnosis of diabetic macular edema.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Macular Edema* ; Retinaldehyde*

Changes in contrast sensitivity have been demonstrated in patients with normal Snellen acuity. In an attempt to elucidate more sensitively the visual dysfunction before developement of either overt retinopathy or a reduction in Snellen acuity in patients with retinal disorders, contrast sensitivity test was performed in diabetic patients with normal Snellen acuity and control subjects matched for age and sex. The results were as follows. 1) Throughout all spatial frequencies(1.5 - 3.0 - 6.0 - 12.0 - 18.0 cpd), contrast sensitivity was significantly lower(P-value<0.01) in the diabetic eyes with retinopathy(30.7 - 49.3 - 52.5 - 16.1 - 7.8) than in the normal controls(42.5 - 84.3 - 103.0 - 60.5 - 25.1) or the diabetic eyes without retinopathy(43.1 - 92.2 - 95.8 - 43.4 - 16.4 ). 2) In high spatial frequencies(12.0 - 18.0 cpd) contrast sensitivity in the diabetic eyes without retinopathy group(43.4 - 16.4) was significantly decreased(P-value<0.01) in comparison with the normal controls(60.5 - 25.1). So, contrast sensitivity test is more sensitive test for central visual function than Snellen acuity.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde