Coinfection ; complications ; virology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; virology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; virology ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Impaired glucose tolerance and overt diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently occurs in patients with chronic liver disease. Hyperinsulinaemia and peripheral insulin resistance contribute to the development of DM in these patients. The clinical relevance, however, of DM to their clinical course was not determined. We investigated the prevalence of DM in patients with liver cirrhosis and their clinical characteristics and prognosis. METHODS: A total of 606 consecutive cirrhotic patients were enrolled for 5 years. We reviewed all laboratory findings, clinical courses, and mortality, retrospectively. The cirrhotic patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of DM, and their clinical characteristics and mortality were compared. DM was diagnosed in accordance with National Diabetes Data Group criteria. RESULTS: Among the total of 606 cirrhotic patients (M:F, 482:124), 346 (57.1%) had HBV related disease and 60 (10%) had HCV related disease. Forty-five percent of the patients had a history of habitual drinking. DM was observed in 22.4% of the cirrhotic patients. In the diabetic group, the frequency of HCV infection was significantly greater. DM did not affect survival. The DM group, however, appeared to have higher mortality in the patients with Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis during long-term follow up. Only 20.6% of the diabetic patients had normal range blood glucose levels even though most of them received medical therapy. The cases with well controlled blood glucose showed higher survival than poorly controlled cases n the DM group. CONCLUSIONS: Cirrhotic patients have a high prevalence of DM, and more frequently are associated with HCV infection. The strict control of blood glucose and the control of infection could be important in prolonging the survival in compensated cirrhotic patients with DM.
*Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus/virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B/complications ; Hepatitis C/complications ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/*complications/mortality/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and its relation to HCV genotypes, and to confirm whether diabetes is an exohepatic manifestation of CHC.

METHODSSandwich hybridization microplate assays and fluorescence quantification PCR technology were used to detect HBV DNA, HCV RNA and HCV genotypes of 308 chronic hepatitis C patients and 305 chronic hepatitis B patients. The incidence of diabetes in these patients was compared and analyzed with that in 310 controls.

RESULTSThe incidence of diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 32.79%, higher than that in patients with chronic hepatitis B (9.84%) and in the control group (8.39%). Serum levels of ALT and TBIL in hepatitis C patients with diabetes were higher than those without diabetes. Infection rate of HCV 1b in hepatitis C patients with diabetes was the highest (40.59%), and when compared with that of those without diabetes the difference was very significant.

CONCLUSIONIncidence of diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis C is high, especially those infected with HCV 1b, and the liver functions of these patients are more severely damaged.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; virology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of HCV genotypes of Han and Korean in Yanbian area of Jilin Province.

METHODSThe HCV RNA load and genotypes of the 119 chronic hepatitis C patients in Yanbian area of Jilin Province were determined by real-time PCR and LiPA. The differences of the HCV genotypes in Han and Korean cases, in severity of the diseases, in HCV-RNA load, and in the relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus were analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the distribution of each HCV genotype between Han and Korean patients (P > 0.05) with chronic hepatitis C. The difference between HCV genotype and HCV-RNA load was not significant (P > 0.05). With and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in these patients. The distribution of HCV genotype was also not significantly different (P > 0.05). The type 1b of HCV genotype in the moderate to severe chronic hepatitis C patients accounted for 58.06%. It was different compared with mild chronic hepatitis C patients (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION1) The type 1b is the most popular HCV genotype in Yanbian area of Jilin Province, type 2a is the second and there are still a few other genotypes. 2) There is no significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between Han and Korean cases. 3) The HCV genotypes has nothing to do with the load of HCV-RNA. 4) The distribution of HCV genotypes in chronic hepatitis C patients with and without diabetes mellitus is not significantly different. 5) Type 1b of HCV infection is relatively severe.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Korea ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo further study the role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in the pathogenesis of the type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODSHCMV DNA levels in sera from 29 type 2 diabetic patients and 23 controls were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and comparative analyses was made between HCMV DNA and T cell subsets, blood glucose (BG), insulin (Ins) and C peptide (C-P).

RESULTSThe levels of HCMV DNA were (1.81+/-1.67) x 10(8) copies/ml for type 2 diabetic patients, a level significantly higher than that (5.50+/-4.30) x 10(7) copies/ml of controls. The percentage of CD8 for type 2 diabetic patients with positive HCMV DNA was 29.53%+/-2.00%, being much higher than that for controls (27.13%+/-4.12%), while the ratio of CD4/CD8 1.24+/-0.05 was significantly lower than that 1.41+/-0.10 of controls. Fasting C-P of type 2 diabetic patients with positive HCMV DNA was far lower than that of those with negative HCMV DNA, but the differences of BG and Ins between the two groups were not significant.

CONCLUSIONActive HCMV infection of type 2 diabetic patients may suppress cellular immunity and its influence on the pathogenesis of the type 2 diabetes mellitus should be further studied.

Adult ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; immunology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; immunology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

BACKGROUND: Most patients with acute viral hepatitis A (AVHA) spontaneously recover, but a few patients experience complications. This study was carried out to examine clinical features of AVHA complicated with acute renal failure (ARF). METHOD: Medical records of 404 patients with AVHA were reviewed. Clinical features of AVHA patients with ARF (group A) were compared with those of AVHA patients without ARF (group B). RESULT: ARF complication was present in 11 patients (3%). There were no differences between group A and B in sex ratio and age. Microscopic hematuria (7 cases), proteinuria (7 cases), metabolic acidosis (4 cases), oliguria (4 cases), pulmonary edema (3 cases) and hyperkalemia (2 cases) were found in group A. The prevalence of heavy alcohol drinking (64% vs 3%, p<0.001) and diabetes mellitus (18% vs 1%, p=0.01) was higher in group A than B. The peak value of ALT (median: 4,290 IU/L vs 1,266 IU/L, p=0.006) and total bilirubin (median: 10.8 mg/dL vs 6.0 mg/dL, p=0.001) was higher in group A than B. Duration of admission was longer in group A than B (median: 14 days vs 5 days, p<0.001). Four patients of group A recovered with renal replacement therapy, while 7 patients recovered with conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The AVHA patients with ARF experienced more severe hepatitis than those without ARF, but they had a good prognosis with the proper treatment.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alanine Transaminase/analysis ; Bilirubin/analysis ; Biological Markers/blood ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis A/*complications/diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Acute/*virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between coxsackievirus infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and observe the changes of T lymphocyte subsets in the development of T1DM.

METHODSWe detected Coxsackievirus RNA by reverse transcription PCR, and measured the change in T-lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry in 22 cases of newly diagnosed T1DM (group I), 30 patients with diabetes for some time (group II), and 30 healthy subjects (group III).

RESULTSThe positivity rate of coxsackie virus RNA in groups I, II, and III was 55.55%, 23.33%, and 6.67%, respectively, showing a significant difference among the 3 groups (P<0.01). Patients with upper respiratory tract infection had a higher positivity rate for coxsackie virus RNA than those without upper respiratory tract infection in group I (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the percentage of CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio decreased significantly in groups I and II (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 tended to increase in group II in comparison with group I, and there was an significant difference in CD3 and CD4 between the two groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared with the control group and CVBRNA-negative group, CVBRNA-positive group showed significantly lowered CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe occurrence and development of type 1 diabetes is closely related to coxsackie virus infection, and the changes in T lymphocyte subsets serves as a probable mechanism of its pathogenicity.

Adolescent ; Adult ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; complications ; immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; complications ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDTo study the relationship between HCV infection and the development of type II diabetes mellitus.

METHODS1. The case record files of 126 patients with chronic hepatitis C vs. 227 with chronic hepatitis B were reviewed and the laboratory and demographic data were extracted. 2. Anti-HCV and HBsAg were determined for 160 type II diabetes patients and 223 healthy adults by ELISA.

RESULTS1. The occurrence of diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 19.05%, higher than 8.37% in patients with chronic hepatitis B (P<0.01). Age and HCV infection were independent risk factors for diabetes. 2. Five patients with type II diabetes were anti-HCV positive (3.12%) while none of the 223 healthy adults was anti-HCV positive (P<0.05). Seven patients with diabetes (4.37%) and 12 healthy adults (5.38%)were HBsAg positive (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS1. The occurrence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with HCV related liver disease than in patients with HBV related liver disease. 2. The occurrence of anti HCV was higher in diabetes patients than in healthy adults. HCV may play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Random Allocation ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUNDAn epidemiologic link between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and abnormal glycometabolism had been established. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, and to explore the relation between insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus genotype, serum hepatitis C virus-RNA level in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.

METHODSThree hundred and fifty-nine consecutive patients (CHC, n = 296; chronic hepatitis B (CHB), n = 63) were evaluated. HCV genotyping was performed by restriction fragment method and serum hepatitis C virus-RNA quantified PCR for all CHC patients in the baseline serum. Fasting levels of insulin and glucose were measured in all patients and the homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance was calculated in the baseline serum.

RESULTSType 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 15.5% of 296 CHC patients. Insulin resistance was present in 23.8% of the 235 nondiabetic CHC patients, in 23.1% of the 182 nondiabetic and noncirrhotic CHC patients, and associated with high serum HCV RNA level (OR: 1.754; 95%CI: 1.207 - 2.548, P = 0.003) and age > 40 years (OR: 3.542; 95%CI: 1.257 - 9.978, P = 0.017). Insulin resistance was less frequent in CHB than in matched CHC (7.9% vs. 21.4% respectively, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of insulin resistance in CHC was significantly higher than that in CHB patients, associated with high serum HCV RNA level and age > 40 years.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; metabolism ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; classification ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; blood ; metabolism ; virology ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; genetics ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Risk Factors

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Fatty Liver ; complications ; Female ; Glucose Metabolism Disorders ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; virology ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; virology ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies