Adiponectin/genetics* ; Biomarkers ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic syndrome of abnormal metabolism, determined by interaction of multifactorial genetic and environmental factors. Some specific types of diabetes, such as MODY, Leprechaunism, lipoatrophic diabetes, and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, are monogenic forms of diabetes and are inherited as a Mendelian pattern. The article reviews the research development of these Mendelian inherited diabetes will be reviewed.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; etiology ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glucokinase ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo identify the A3243G mutation of mitochondrial (mt) DNA in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults (LADA) of Han nationality in the northeast area of China.

METHODSSeventy-nine diabetics of Han nationality, whose families have resided in the northeast area of China for more than 3 generations, were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (22 cases of type 2 diabetes with maternal inheritance history), Group 2 (34 cases of LADA), Group 3 (23 cases of type 1 diabetes in adolescents). The A3243G of mt DNA was detected in these 79 subjects with the method of PCR-RFLP.

RESULTSNone of the 79 diabetics studied was positively identified for the A3243G mutation of mt DNA.

CONCLUSIONThe A3243G mutation of mt DNA might not be related to the onset of LADA in diabetic population of Han nationality in northeast area of China and there might not be close relationship between A3243G mutation of mt DNA and autoimmunity.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases ; genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Point Mutation

The loss of or decreased functional pancreatic β-cell is a major cause of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown that adult β-cells can maintain their ability for a low level of turnover through replication and neogenesis. Thus, a strategy to prevent and treat diabetes would be to enhance the ability of β-cells to increase the mass of functional β-cells. Consequently, much effort has been devoted to identify factors that can effectively induce β-cell expansion. This review focuses on recent reports on small molecules and protein factors that have been shown to promote β-cell expansion.
Cell Communication ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; genetics ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pathology

Type 2 diabetes is the main type of diabetes in diabetic population. Along with the rapid changes of life style and increased life expectancy, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases rapidly worldwide. However, strong evidences have shown that genetic factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, except for some rare subtypes of type 2 diabetes. The genetic patterns of the common forms of type 2 diabetes do not follow the role of classic Mendelian inheritance. Therefore, the type 2 diabetes is regarded as a complex disease caused by interaction between gene and environment. However, little progress has been made during past two decades in the genetic epidemiology of type 2 diabetes. This article reviews the current status of genetic epidemiology of type 2 diabetes and proposes strategies for future researches.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; Environment ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Research ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To construct the differential expression profile of microRNA (miRNA) in plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore the possibility of using miRNA as the target for diagnosis and treatment of T2DM. METHODS: Agilent miRNA microarray was used to determine the expression profiles of miRNA in the plasma of patients with T2DM (FC> 2, P< 0.05). The result was verified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Candidate miRNA was analyzed by bioinformatic tools. RESULTS: In total 122 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Among these, 14 were selected by multi-source intersection screening, which included 5 up-regulated genes and 9 down regulated genes. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of hsa-miR-185-5p and hsa-miR-328-5p have significantly increased in T2DM patients (P< 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis suggested that these miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM through insulin secretion and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Differential expression of hsa-miR-185-5p and hsa-miR-328-5p in the plasma may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM.
Computational Biology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics* ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Signal Transduction

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; etiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; MicroRNAs ; physiology ; Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; ethnology ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel ; genetics ; Male

Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic autosomal dominant inherited disease. Its clinical manifestations are asymptomatic with slightly elevated fasting blood glucose and few complications. This paper reports a novel mutation W257R in glucokinase () gene from a Chinese patient with MODY. Heterozygous mutation c.769T>C (p.W257R) in exon 7 of gene (Chr744187343) was found in the proband, her father and brother. This W257R mutation was first reported in Chinese population.
China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; Female ; Glucokinase ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Diabetes, Gestational/*etiology/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors