China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Complications/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Humans

Obesity is a medical condition with excess body fat accumulation to the extent which leads to serious health consequences. Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity, refers to the presence of excess fat in the abdominal area. Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, contributes to many metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The incidence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years worldwide. In China, more than one-third of adults are overweight or obese and 10%-20% of all adults are affected by MetS. The pathogenesis underlying the abdominal obesity remains unclear. The ultimate health outcome of obesity and its related metabolic disorders haveprompted physicians to take aggressive treatments (lifestyle changes, pharmacological interventions and surgical therapies) before a serious consequence becomes clinically apparent. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathogenesis and clinic features of obesity in China.
Age Distribution ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; epidemiology ; Obesity ; complications ; epidemiology

Deafness ; Diabetes Complications ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Hearing Loss ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Complications ; complications ; epidemiology ; Diabetic Foot ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans

Erectile dysfunction is common complication of diabetes mellitus. The incidence of diabetes mellitus induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is 20% - 75%. DMED appears to be due to vascular-neuropathic and corpus cavernosum smooth muscular damage. To control blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids is the basis of DMED therapy. In 50% of the patients with DMED, the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors is effective, while intracavernous pharmacotherapy is effective for more than 90%. Penile prosthesis implantation continues to be the treatment of choice in case of other therapy failure.
Animals ; Diabetes Complications ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Rabbits ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between diabetes and risks of primary liver cancer.

METHODSA Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) to evaluate the relationship between diabetes and the risk of primary liver cancer from cohort studies, which were identified by searching in Medline, Chinese CNKI and Wanfang databases from January 1989 to February 2010. A total of 28 publications were found according to this method. Adjusted RRs and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated by using the fixed-effect and random-effect model in our analysis. We also conducted a number of sub-groups analysis stratified by some important variables, such as source, gender, region and quality of study.

RESULTSA total of 3800 cases of liver cancer and 3 672 248 study subjects from 14 prospective cohorts were included in our analysis. The pooled RR of primary liver cancer was 3.33 (95%CI: 1.82 - 6.10) for persons with diabetes when compared to subjects without diabetes. The results showed a significant association between diabetes and the risk of primary liver cancer based on these cohort studies. Subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled RRs for diabetes were 3.76 (95%CI: 1.69 - 8.38) in the population-based cohorts and 2.41 (1.34 - 4.32) in the hospital-based cohorts. In terms of the sex groups, the pooled RRs for diabetes were 2.32 (95%CI: 1.70 - 3.17) for males and 1.63 (95%CI: 1.08 - 2.47) for females, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAs one of independent risk factors, diabetes was associated with an increased risk of primary liver cancer.

China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Complications ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Male ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features of overweight and obese rheumatoid arthritis (RA)patients, and the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and disease characteristics. METHODS: The demographic data, extra-articular manifestations, comorbidities, and disease activity of RA patients admitted to the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected, and the above characteristics of overweight and obese RA patients were retrospectively analyzed. According to the WHO, BMI≥30 kg/m² referred to obese individuals, 25≤BMI < 30 kg/m² referred to overweight individuals, 18.5≤BMI < 25 kg/m² referred to normal individuals, BMI < 18.5 kg/m² referred to reduced body mass individuals. t test was used for the quantitative data in accordance with normal distribution. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the quantitative data of non-normal distribution. The qualitative data were analyzed by chi square test. But while 1≤theoretical frequency < 5, Chi square test of corrected four grid table was used. And Fisher exact probability method was used when theoretical frequency < 1. Analyzing whether overweight or obesity was associated with comorbidities using Logistic regression adjusted confounding factors. RESULTS: A total of 481 RA patients were included in this study, with an average BMI value of (23.28±3.75) kg/m².Of the patients, 31 cases (6.5%) were with BMI < 18.5 kg/m², 309 cases (64.2%) with 18.5≤ BMI < 25 kg/m², amounting to 340 cases (70.7%). There were 119 overweight individuals (25≤ BMI < 30 kg/m², 24.7%) and 22 obese individuals (BMI≥30 kg/m², 4.6%), totaling 141 (29.3%).The proportion of the overweight and obese RA patients suffering from hypertension (57.4% vs. 39.1%, P < 0.001), diabetes (25.5% vs. 15.0%, P=0.006), hyperlipidemia (22.7% vs. 10.9%, P=0.001), fatty liver (28.4% vs. 7.4%, P < 0.001), osteoarthritis (39.0% vs. 29.4%, P=0.040) was significantly higher, and the proportion of the patients with osteoporosis(59.6% vs. 70.9%, P=0.016) and anemia (36.2% vs. 55.6%, P < 0.001) was significantly lower. However, there was no difference between the two groups in coronary heart disease (5.7% vs. 7.6%, P=0.442), cerebrovascular disease (6.4% vs. 8.8%, P=0.372) and peripheral atherosclerosis (9.2% vs. 7.6%, P=0.565).The median C-reactive protein (CRP, 1.52 mg/dL vs. 2.35 mg/dL, P=0.008), median erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, 34.0 mm/h vs. 50.0 mm/h, P=0.003), pain visual simulation score (VAS) (3.66±3.08 vs. 4.40±2.85, P=0.011), and 28 joint disease activity scores (DAS-28, 5.05±1.60 vs. 5.45±1.52, P=0.010) in the overweight and obese RA group were all lower than those in the normal and reduced weight groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that overweight and obesity was an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver, and had protective effects on osteoporosis and anemia. CONCLUSION In RA patients, RA disease activity is lower in overweight and obesity patients. Overweight and obesity is associated with hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, but not with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology* ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hypertension/complications* ; Fatty Liver/complications* ; Hyperlipidemias/complications* ; Osteoporosis/complications* ; Anemia

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; epidemiology ; etiology

Surveys of noncommunicable diseases were performed in six communities in Papua New Guinea during 1985-1986. Results are reported here with respect to blood pressure and associated factors in adults. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lowest, and hypertension was rarest (less than 2%), in three rural/semirural villages on Karkar Island, Madang Province. Intermediate values for blood pressure and moderate prevalence of hypertension (3-6%) were observed in rural and urban Tolai communities in East New Britain Province. A periurban village in the Eastern Highlands Province displayed the highest mean blood pressures and prevalence of hypertension (12% in men and 5% in women). There was a modest rise in mean systolic blood pressure with age in most groups, but the age-related rise in diastolic pressure was much less pronounced. Other cardiovascular risk factors--body mass index (BMI), and plasma cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentrations--were lowest in the least developed rural villages on Karkar Island and highest in the urban Tolai and periurban highland communities. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly (and positively) related to age, male sex, BMI and speaking a non-Austronesian language. It is concluded that there is now a considerable variation in the prevalence of hypertension, and the levels of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors, in different communities in Papua New Guinea.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology ; Hypertension - complications ; Obesity - epidemiology ; Papua New Guinea

BACKGROUND: Preliminary studies have indicated that Shexiang Baoxin Pill (MUSKARDIA) has a coronary artery dilation effect and increases the coronary blood flow, relieving the symptoms of angina. This study aimed to evaluate the benefit of MUSKARDIA on patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: This was a subgroup analysis of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase IV trial. CAD patients with a medical history of DM or baseline fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L were grouped according to the treatment (standard therapy plus MUSKARDIA or placebo). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which was the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. The secondary outcome was the composite outcome of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure, and coronary angioplasty. RESULTS: MACEs occurred in 2.6% (9/340) and 4.8% (18/376) of patients in the MUSKARDIA and placebo groups, respectively ( P  = 0.192). Secondary composite outcome was significantly less frequent with MUSKARDIA than with placebo (15.3% [52/340] vs . 22.6% [85/376], P  = 0.017). Risk of MACEs (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31-1.57) was comparable between two groups. In patients with uncontrolled DM (≥4 measurements of FBG ≥7 mmol/L in five times of follow-up), the risk of secondary outcome was significantly lower with MUSKARDIA (5/83, 6.0%) than with placebo (15/91, 16.5%) (HR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.13-0.95). CONCLUSION: As an add-on to standard therapy, MUSKARDIA shows a trend of reduced MACEs in patients with stable CAD and DM. Furthermore, MUSKARDIA may reduce the frequency of all-cause death, hospitalization, and coronary angioplasty in this population, especially in those with uncontrolled DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR-TRC-12003513.
Humans ; Coronary Artery Disease/complications* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Myocardial Infarction/complications* ; Stroke/epidemiology*