Poorly controlled diabetes is associated with development of various diabetic complications. Large controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that intensive glycemic control can significantly decrease the development and/or progression of microvascular complications of diabetes. Until recently, the goal of treatment in diabetic subjects has been reducing HbA1c level, with a strong emphasis on fasting plasma glucose. Although control of fasting hyperglycemia is necessary, that alone is not sufficient to obtain optimal glycemic control. Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that postprandial hyperglycemia has greater impact on diabetes complications than does average blood glucose as measured by HbA1c or fasting plasma glucose. This report briefly reviews the measurement and treatment goal of postprandial glucose.
Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Hyperglycemia ; Plasma

Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Diabetes Complications ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; therapy ; Humans ; Risk Factors

Complications of diabetes can develop without any sign or symptom, and their progress could be slow. Because most complications cannot be completely cured, their prevention is very important. Appropriate monitoring of diabetes-related complications should include management of blood pressure and blood glucose, regular check-ups of the feet and eyes, and assessment of renal and cardiovascular function. It is very important to maintain quality of life for diabetes patients through the early detection and treatment of complications. For that, diabetic patients should check blood sugar levels and other signs and symptoms of complications by visiting the doctor's office regularly.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Eye ; Foot ; Humans ; Quality of Life

Patients who complained of pain, tenderness mass in neck, fever, limitation of mouth opening, pharyngalgia,dysphagia,with lab showing increased Neu, remarkably decreased PLT, upsurging Glu, urine-Glu, ALT, T-Bil, AFP, were finally diagnosed to suffer from deep neck abscesses after CT scanning. What was worth mentioning was that diabetes, hepatitis C, thrombocytopenia, and fungus infection added to the complexity of the treatment.
Abscess ; complications ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; complications ; Diabetes Complications ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoses ; complications ; Neck ; pathology

Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia, and chronic hyperglycemia leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Glycemic control is assessed and monitored by hemoglobin A1c and self-monitoring of blood glucose. Most guidelines recommend achieving hemoglobin A1c targets of <6.5% or 7%. Improved glycemic control reduces microvascular complications. However, intensive glycemic-control can have different effects on cardiovascular complications depending on the patient population. The glycemic targets should be individualized based on each patient's characteristics, such as age, duration of diabetes, accompanying comorbidities, risk of severe hypoglycemia, life expectancy, and attitude towards treatment.
Blood Glucose ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Life Expectancy

Chronic hyperglycemia is the primary risk factor for the development of complications in diabetes mellitus (DM); however, it is believed that frequent or large glucose fluctuations may independently contribute to diabetes-related complications. Postprandial spikes in blood glucose, as well as hypoglycemic events, are blamed for increased cardiovascular events in DM. Glycemic variability (GV) includes both of these events; hence, minimizing GV can prevent future cardiovascular events. Correcting GV emerges as a target to be pursued in clinical practice to safely reduce the mean blood glucose and to determine its direct effects on vascular complications in diabetes. Modern diabetes management modalities, including glucagon-related peptide-1-based therapy, newer insulins, modern insulin pumps and bariatric surgery, significantly reduce GV. However, defining GV remains a challenge primarily due to the difficulty of measuring it and the lack of consensus regarding the optimal approach for its management. The purpose of this manuscript was not only to review the most recent evidence on GV but also to help readers better understand the available measurement options and how the various definitions relate differently to the development of diabetic complications.
Bariatric Surgery ; Blood Glucose ; Consensus ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glucose ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulins ; Risk Factors

Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic worldwide. The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has risen rapidly over the past two decades, from an estimated 30 million cases in 1985 to 177 million in 2000. Especially, the prevalence of diabetes in Korea has explosively increased six to sevenfold from 1.5% to almost 10% during the past 30 years. Furthermore, diabetic patients in Korea suffered from various diabetic complications and diabetes-related mortality has rapidly increased over the last decades. However, the current status of diabetes management was not good. According to an analysis of Korean National Health Insurance Database on Diabetes (2003), only 53% of diabetic patients visited clinics for diabetes management. The proportion of diabetic patients with optimally controlled glycemia (HbA1c<7%), blood pressure (<130/80 mmHg) and dyslipidema (LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL) were only 40%, 19% and 38%, respectively. If the current trend continues, diabetes would be a disaster in Korea, leading to a greater loss of human and financial resources. To reduce this harmful epidemic, comprehensive and improved public health strategies should be implemented
Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Disasters ; Humans ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Prevalence ; Public Health

The effects of alcohol consumption on diabetic patients are still unclear and inconclusive. Generally, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption (< 3 glasses) may have beneficial effects without disturbing glucose control. However, excessive alcohol consumption may have harmful effects such as hypoglycemia, impaired glucose control, metabolic dysregulation, and increased risk of diabetic complications. This review focused on the relationship between alcohol consumption and diabetic mellitus and effect of alcohol on diabetic patients. Based on previous results, we propose a theory of proper alcohol consumption in diabetic patients.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia

Diabetes should maintain normal blood glucose through the self-management to show the progression of complications, and prevention of diabetes complications. So far, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been the most basic elements of self-management of diabetes. Through SMBG, it is possible for diabetes to monitor the variation of the amount and type they eat, exercise and stress. However, the patient is not easy to apply and interpret the result of the self-measured blood glucose control. It requires appropriate feedback from professional but feedback is not completed because of the constraints of time and space. This inhibitory factor was now enable interactive communication between the practitioner and the patient regardless of time and place with the development of information and communication. The mobile app makes it easier to analyze and interpret SMBG data patterns. Now mobile diabetes apps based on smartphone apps are evolving as an essential tool, not as an aid to help improve the selfmanagement of people with diabetes. Diabetes educators should be interested in developing content for mobile diabetes apps and provide professional monitoring and feedback.
Blood Glucose* ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Mobile Applications ; Self Care ; Smartphone

Chronic hyperglycemia is the main risk factor for the development of diabetes-related complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to estimate the risk of developing diabetic complications, to define targets, and to measure the efficacy of diabetes treatments. Up until recently, it has been thought that frequent or large glucose fluctuations may contribute independently to diabetes-related complications. However, diabetes-related glycemic alterations are now understood in more complex terms, through studies attempting to identify the role of fasting glycemia, postprandial glycemia, and hypoglycemia in the overall assessment of the disease. This set of evaluations has led to the concept of glucose variability (GV). Postprandial spikes in blood glucose as well as hypoglycemic events, both are implicated in increased cardiovascular events in DM. GV includes both of these events; thus, minimizing GV can prevent future cardiovascular events. For these reasons, correcting GV has emerged as an important goal in clinical practice in order to safely reduce mean blood glucose (and thus HbA1c) and for its direct effects on vascular complications of DM. However, the literature available on glucose GV is extensive but confusing. This article highlights the most recent evidence, clinical implications, and measures to control GV in clinical practice.
Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Glucose* ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Risk Factors