No abstract available.
DiGeorge Syndrome*

Primary hypoparathyroidism is caused by a group of heterogeneous conditions in which hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia occur as a result of deficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. The most common cause is surgical excision and damage to the parathyroid gland(s). Nonetheless, autoimmune endocrine disorder of primary hypothyroidism has been well-described in polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PAS).1 Its association with pituitary lesion may be autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis as the cause for pituitary disorder. In this report, we encountered a patient with primary hypoparathyroidism who had a non-functioning pituitary tumour. It was confirmed as pituitary adenoma rather than lymphocytic hypophysitis from the histopathological examination. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma and primary hypoparathyroidism.
Hypopituitarism ; Autoimmune Hypophysitis ; DiGeorge Syndrome

DiGeorge Syndrome ; genetics ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Twins, Monozygotic

DiGeorge syndrome is associated with a chromosome 22q11.2 deletion and manifests with variable clinical findings. Aspiration pneumonia can be a perioperative complication of great concern in this syndrome. In this report, we present a case of a 16-month old child with DiGeorge syndrome undergoing cranioplasty. He developed perioperative aspiration pneumonia but was managed successfully.
Child ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Aspiration

Symptomatic bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis is required to identify the underlying causes. Disorder of calcium metabolism, such as hypoparathyroidism is the most common cause. We report a patient with hypoparathyroidism induced intracranial calcification who presented seizure and psychotic symptoms in adult and finally diagnosed as a choromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Adult ; Calcinosis ; Calcium ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Seizures

DiGeorge Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Humans ; DiGeorge Syndrome/diagnostic imaging* ; Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery* ; Ultrasonography

CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, and ear abnormalities) is characterized by multiple malformations and is diagnosed using distinct consensus criteria. Mutations in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) are the major cause of CHARGE syndrome. Clinical features of CHARGE syndrome considerably overlap those of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Of these features, immunodeficiency and hypocalcemia are frequently reported in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome but are rarely reported in patients with CHARGE syndrome. In this report, we have described the case of a patient with typical phenotypes of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome but without the proven chromosome microdeletion. Mutation analysis of CHD7 identified a pathogenic mutation (c.2238+1G>A) in this patient. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CHARGE syndrome with immunodeficiency and hypocalcemia in Korea. Our observations suggest that mutation analysis of CHD7 should be performed for patients showing the typical phenotypes of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome but lacking the proven chromosome microdeletion.
CHARGE Syndrome* ; Consensus ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Ear ; Growth and Development ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia* ; Korea ; Nasopharynx ; Phenotype

BACKGROUND: An abnormally obtuse cranial base angle, also known as platybasia, is a common finding in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Platybasia increases the depth of the velopharynx and is therefore postulated to contribute to velopharyngeal dysfunction. Our objective was to determine the clinical significance of platybasia in 22q11DS by exploring the relationship between cranial base angles and speech resonance. METHODS: In this retrospective chart review at a tertiary hospital, 24 children (age, 4.0-13.1 years) with 22q11.2DS underwent speech assessments and lateral cephalograms, which allowed for the measurement of the cranial base angles. RESULTS: One patient (4%) had hyponasal resonance, 8 (33%) had normal resonance, 10 (42%) had hypernasal resonance on vowels only, and 5 (21%) had hypernasal resonance on both vowels and consonants. The mean cranial base angle was 136.5degrees (standard deviation, 5.3degrees; range, 122.3-144.8degrees). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant relationship between the resonance ratings and cranial base angles (P=0.242). Cranial base angles and speech ratings were not correlated (Spearman correlation=0.321, P=0.126). The group with hypernasal resonance had a significantly more obtuse mean cranial base angle (138degrees vs. 134degrees, P=0.049) but did not have a greater prevalence of platybasia (73% vs. 56%, P=0.412). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective chart review of patients with 22q11DS, cranial base angles were not correlated with speech resonance. The clinical significance of platybasia remains unknown.
Child ; DiGeorge Syndrome* ; Humans ; Platybasia* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

The 22q11.2 deletion is a genetic disorder which is characterized by abnormalities in cardiac functioning, facial structure, neurobehavioral development, T cell functioning, and velopharyngeal insufficiencies. In the presented case study, 22q11.2 deletion was found in a patient who has psychotic symptoms only. A 25-year-old woman with a history of hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism presented with auditory hallucinations and persecutory delusions. After three months of treatment with antipsychotic medications, the patient was readmitted with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The following week, the patient went into sepsis. A fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed the presence of a 22q11.2 microdeletion. This case study suggests that psychotic symptoms can develop prior to the typical symptoms of a 22q11.2 deletion. As such, psychiatrists should test for genetic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia when these patients present with seizures and immunodeficiencies.
Adult ; Delusions ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Female ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Psychiatry ; Schizophrenia ; Seizures ; Sepsis