OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) in protection of rat hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms.

METHODSCardiac contractility, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine kinase(CK) and infarct area were analyzed by the Langendorff isolated rat hearts. All isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion.

RESULTSPerfusion with 25 micromol/L of CORM-2 (an exogenous CO releaser) during the first 10 min of reperfusion prevented the increase in LVEDP and decrease in LVDP, +dp/dt(max) in isolated ischemia/reperfusion hearts. CORM-2(25 micromol/L) had no effect on the changes of coronary flow, but it really inhibited the release of LDH and CK, and also reduced the infarct size. Perfusion with 10 micromol/L of CORM-2 decreased the LDH, CK and infarct size, but it did not improve the contractility of ischemia/reperfusion hearts. However, perfusion with 100 micromol/L of CORM-2 exacerbated the injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Pretreatment of a NOS inhibitor L-NAME and a HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP partly abolished the protection effect of CORM-2(25 micromol/L) on LVEDP, and L-NAME and a GC inhibitor methylene blue could also cancel the enhance of LVDP and +dp/dt(max) incuced by CORM-2. All of the inhibitor (methylene blue, L-NAME, a mitoK(ATP )channel blocker 5-HD and ZnPP) could partly enlarge infarct area compared with CORM-2 treatment.

CONCLUSIONSExogenous CO could protect heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. The cardiac protection of CO might be through NOS-cGMP and HO-1 pathway, and the activation of mitoK(ATP)channel might be also involved in.

Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Cardiotonic Agents ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; drug effects ; Myocardial Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Organometallic Compounds ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

In order to produce relatively large amounts of recombinant human intestinal trefoil factor and assess its biological activity. The expression plasmid pPIC9-hITF containing AOX1 promotor and the sequences of secreting signal peptides was transformed into the yeast cells. Then through selection, positive transformants were cultivated in fermentation basal salts medium in a 5L fermenter to obtain large amount product with low cost. The secreted peptides were then purified by a combination of ionic exchange chromatography and molecular sieve. To verify the product, electrospray mass spectrometry analyses was used to determine the structure of rhITF and Western Blotting was performed to test the immunological activity. Furthermore, the biological activity of the peptide was examined by experiments from cell to tissue. The nucleotide sequence of rhITF was the same as expected. With a 5-L fermenter, 253mg of hITF was isolated at the purity of 96% from 3.5 L of yeast fermentation broth. The expression level for recombinant human ITF in this yeast system was 73.33mg/L. In our study, we provided a way to gain a production among milligram to gram of recombinant human ITF by the use of a yeast expression system. As human ITF are difficult to purify in any significant amount from tissue extraction, the way described may become a valuable tool in obtaining pure peptide for further studies of trefoil peptide function.
Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Fermentation ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; cytology ; Peptides ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Trefoil Factor-2

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the possibility of dissemination of lung cancer cells through blood during the operation for lung cancer.

METHODSThe blood samples were taken from 52 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 5 patients with benign lung diseases at four different intervals during the operation. The transcription of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) messenger ribonucleic acid was assayed by means of nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A549 (a human adenocarcinoma cell line) served as positive control. The sensitivity has been tested using quantificationally diluted A549 cells.

RESULTSThe CEA mRNA positive rates of all four time spots are as follows: 31% (16/52) at beginning of the operation (sample taken from peripheral vein), 54% (28/52) at ligating the pulmonary vein (peripheral vein), 54% (28/52) at ligating the pulmonary vein (pulmonary vein) and 54% (28/52) at 1 hour after ligating the pulmonary vein (peripheral vein). There is no relationship between the tumor identity and the positive rate of CEA mRNA. The positive rate of CEA mRNA is higher in patients with centrally located lung cancer than that in patients with peripherally located lung cancer, similar phenomenon is also found between patients with advanced lung cancer and the patients with early stage of lung cancer. No negative control samples was found to be positive for CEA mRNA, the sensitivity of our test was 1 x 10(-6).

CONCLUSIONSThe cancer cell dissemination during operation was demonstrated indirectly in our study, the time of pulmonary vein ligation (later or earlier) may affect the quantity of tumor cells released into circulation. Patients with lung cancer of central type and late TNM stage have more possibility of cancer cell dissemination during operation. More effective means may be needed to avoid the dissemination of cancer cells.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; blood ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Seeding ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; RNA, Messenger ; blood ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of primary malignant tumor of the appendix.

METHODSThe clinical data were reviewed; and histopathological and immunohistochemical features were analyzed in 22 cases with primary malignant tumor of the appendix.

RESULTIn 22 cases of primary malignant tumor of the appendix, 19 cases were carcinoid and 3 were adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed that the carcinoid was positively reacted to the neuroendocrine markers, and the adenocarcinoma was negatively reacted to the neuroendocrine markers.

CONCLUSIONImmunohistochemistry is useful in diagnosis of primary malignant tumor of the appendix, a rare type of cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Appendiceal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoid Tumor ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

To investigate the activity of CKLF1 on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells. Methods Human low density bone marrow cells and mouse bone marrow cells were plated in 96-well microplate and supernatants from transfected COS-7 cell culture were added. The cell proliferation was assayed by MTT method after 5 days incubation. The enhancing effect of CKLF1 on the colony forma tion of human hematopoietic progenitor cells was identified in semi-solid culture. Results CKLF1 has obvi ous enhancing effect on both human and mouse bone marrow cells, it can stimulate the colony formation of human hematopoietic stem cells and has synergistic action with GM-CSF. Conclusion CKLF1 can pro mote the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Hodgkin Disease ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; PAX5 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Trans-Activators ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the distribution of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and its influencing factorsamong middle and old aged people with normal glucose and to provide the basis for early screening and prevention of type 2diabetes. Methods A total of 229 residents were selected with health records showed normal blood glucose (fasting bloodglucose < 7.0mmol/L, postprandial 2h blood glucose<11.1 mmol/L) and more than 40 years old from July, 2012 to June,2015. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin (FINS), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) were recorded to analyzethe distribution of HOMA-IR and its influencing factors. Results Totally 229 people were included, of which 113 were male(49.34%), 116 female(50.66%) . The average age was(63.58 + 8.85) years old. The average HOMA-IR index was 0.94(1.08) and there were 21 people that HOMA-IR exceed the standard (HOMA-IR≥2.68), accounting for 9.17%.TheHOMA-IR index of different gender, age, waist circumference, hip circumference, uric acid in the elderly had significantdifference (P < 0.05) .Multiple linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR index was positively correlated withfemale, waist circumference and IL-6 and was negatively correlated with age. Conclusion The possibility of IR was higherin women with relatively low age, female, central obesity and high IL-6 levels among the middle and old aged people withnormal blood glucose.

Objective To investigate the baseline data on off -label medication specification for clinical doctors or management department in hospitals.Methods Random questionnaire survey was implemented on various grades medical workers in hospitals by the conference, E-mail and web network.The usage practices of domestic off -label medicine were collected and analyzed.Results Totally 756 cases of off -label usage on 405 drugs from 1163 hospitals (617 tertiary referral center, 463 secondary, 83 primary) were investigated.Among the investigated hospi-tals, 71.88%hospitals allow the off-label usage, only 32.07%hospi-tals established the off-label medicine manual management regulations. The tertiary referral center hospitals established the drug management sys-tem and the regular meeting on off-label medicine usage, while the sec-ondary and primary hospitals insufficient relevant practice, the difference between them have statistical significance (P<0.01).Relevant statisti-cal significance also existed in pharmacists with various background of professional qualifications and academic diplomas ( P <0.01 ) . Conclusion Standardizing the instructions on off -label medication management is urgent for domestic hospitals, especially for the secondary and below hospitals.It is necessary to established national level applica-tion guidelines or management specification on off-label drug usage.

ABSTRACT:Objective To assess the effectiveness of the disease management model of stepped-nursing intervention in the metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Methods 114 patients with DM2 were randomized in experimental group and control group.The experimental group applied stepped-nursing model while the control group applied conventional nursing.Blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin A1c,body mass index (BMI),waist -hip ratio (WHR),blood pressure,lipids and control criteria were observed.Results BMI,glycated hemoglobin A1c,fasting blood sugar(FBS),triglycerides,systolic blood pressure (SBP)levels and diabetic knowledge score decreased significantly in the stepped-nursing group(P <0.05).The decrease levels in postprandial blood sugar(PBS),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),total cholesterol (TC),LDL cholesterol and WHR reduced,which showed no significant difference(P >0.05). The levels of HDL cholesterol were slightly improved,which showed no significant difference(P >0.05).Conclusion Stepped-nursing model is useful in overall treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes,it improves the condition of glycated hemoglobin A1c,SBP levels FBS and triglycerides and increases the command of diabetic knowledge.

ABSTRACT:Objective To assess the effectiveness of the disease management model of stepped-nursing intervention in the metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Methods 114 patients with DM2 were randomized in experimental group and control group.The experimental group applied stepped-nursing model while the control group applied conventional nursing.Blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin A1c,body mass index (BMI),waist -hip ratio (WHR),blood pressure,lipids and control criteria were observed.Results BMI,glycated hemoglobin A1c,fasting blood sugar(FBS),triglycerides,systolic blood pressure (SBP)levels and diabetic knowledge score decreased significantly in the stepped-nursing group(P <0.05).The decrease levels in postprandial blood sugar(PBS),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),total cholesterol (TC),LDL cholesterol and WHR reduced,which showed no significant difference(P >0.05). The levels of HDL cholesterol were slightly improved,which showed no significant difference(P >0.05).Conclusion Stepped-nursing model is useful in overall treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes,it improves the condition of glycated hemoglobin A1c,SBP levels FBS and triglycerides and increases the command of diabetic knowledge.