In the load capacity test of CT diagnosis table top, by analyzing the easy destroy area and related test data for the table top, using a simple mechanical auxiliary support structure in local area of the table top to solve the insufficient loading strength problem of table top and obtain significant results during the actual product usage.
Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; instrumentation ; methods

Aim To establish insulin resistance cell model on HepG2 cells (human embryonic liver tumor cells )and investigate the effect of berberine hydro-chloride on insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2 ) cells.Methods ① IR model was induced by respec-tively using 10 -9 ,10 -8 ,10 -7 ,10 -6 ,10 -5 ,10 -4 mol ·L-1 insulin with 25 mmol · L-1 glucose in HepG2 cells.② HepG2 cells were incubated with 2-NBDG (fluorescent labeled glucose)in a series of concentra-tion:50,100,200,400,600,800 μmol·L-1 and a series of incubation time:20,40,60,80,100 min, to select the optimum concentration of insulin and the optimum incubation concentration and time of 2-NBDG in HepG2 cells.The success of the model was deter-mined by detecting the consumption of glucose in the cell supernatant and the uptake of glucose in HepG2 cells.③To study the effect of berberine hydrochloride on improving insulin resistance on the cell level,met-formin and berberine hydrochloride were used in the IR cells.Results Six concentrations of insulin induced the IR model in different degrees.Although 10 -4, 10 -5 mol·L-1 insulin was significant,a large amount of cells died.10 -6 mol·L-1 insulin was effective and had high survival rate of HepG2 cells,which had sta-tistical significance compared with the normal group. When the incubation concentration of 2-NBDG was more than 100 mol·L-1 ,the fluorescence intensity of the cells was significantly different from the normal group.When the incubation time of 2-NBDG was more than 20 min,fluorescence intensity was significantly different from the normal group.When the incubation time of 2-NBDG was more than 100 min,the fluores-cence quenching phenomenon was obvious in the cells. Berberine hydrochloride and metformin significantly in-creased the glucose consumption and glucose uptake in cell supernatant, which had statistical significance compared with the model group.Conclusions Using 10 -6 mol · L-1 insulin induced IR model in HepG2 cells,the optimum incubation concentration and incu-bation time of 2-NBDG is 200 μmol·L-1 and 80 min, respectively.Berberine hydrochloride and metformin have obvious effect on improving IR in HepG2 cells.

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic association of apolipoprotein (apo) E and apoCI gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China.

METHODSapoE genotypes were identified by multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (multi-ARMS) and the apoCI promoter polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 186 cases with CHD (age: 65.0 +/- 10.5 years) and 350 controls (age: 63.6 +/- 8.3 years). The haplotype frequencies were estimated.

RESULTSThe frequencies of apoE E4/3 genotype (26.9%) and epsilon4 (14.5%) in CHD group were significantly higher than that in the control group (12.6%, 7.0%), P <0.05. The significant difference was also found for the apoCI locus and the CHD group showed higher rate of both for the H2 allele and genotypes, carrying this allele. Estimation of the haplotype frequencies indicated that the association between the apoE-CI haplotype and CHD was significantly strong. The apoE-epsilon4/apoCI-H2 was estimated to be responsible for 9.86% of CHD.

CONCLUSIONWhen the subjects carrying both epsilon4 and H2 alleles, they would have higher risk of suffering from CHD than controls.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Apolipoproteins C ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Risk Factors

In the load capacity test of CT diagnosis table top, by analyzing the easy destroy area and related test data for the table top, using a simple mechanical auxiliary support structure in local area of the table top to solve the insufficient loading strength problem of table top and obtain significant results during the actual product usage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) play a role in spermatogenesis in male rats.

METHODSThirty-two male rats were divided into 4 groups (Groups C, T, F and FT). Group C received plant oil injection and oral starch perfusion, Group T testosterone undecanoate (TU, 20 mg/kg) injection and oral starch perfusion, Group F plant oil injection and oral Finasteride perfusion, and Group FT TU (20 mg/kg) injection and oral Finasteride perfusion. Data on serum T and DHT, sperm count, sperm mobility and reproductive function were collected and analysed.

RESULTS(1) 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, Finasteride and TU reduced the weight of the testis and epididymis in the experiment groups compared with the negative control (Group C), but TU increased the weight of the prostate while Finasteride decreased it compared with the positive control (Group T). TU combined with Finasteride could counteract the effect of the weight increase of the prostate, but not that of the testis. (2) Finasteride, or Finasteride combined with TU, reduced the DHT but increased the testosterone level in comparison with the control group. (3) Both Finasteride and TU could inhibit epididymal sperm count and reproductive function compared with the control, but the effect was less significant in Group FT than in Group F.

CONCLUSIONHigh dosages of 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, Finasteride, can suppress male reproductive function, but the inhibiting effect could be counteracted by administration of 5alpha-reductase inhibitor along with TU.

Animals ; Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Dihydrotestosterone ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Finasteride ; pharmacology ; Male ; Organ Size ; Prostate ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; Testis ; drug effects ; pathology ; Testosterone ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of verapamil pretreatment against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils.

METHODSThirty-three Mongolian gerbils were randomized into the control group (group A, n=6, with sham operation), ischemia group (group B), and 3 verapamil groups (groups C, D, and E, n=7) with intraperitpneal verapamil injection (2 mg/kg) 48, 24 and 12 h before ischemia, respectively. In group A, the bilateral common carotid arteries were only exposed without clamping, and in the other 4 groups, the arteries were clamped for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 50 min. The gerbils were then decapitated and the forebrain cerebral cortex was removed to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities and measure the contents of malondial dehyde (MDA), endothelin (ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The left forebrain cerebral cortex was sampled in each group to observe the ultrastructural changes under electron microscope.

RESULTSIn groups C and D, SOD activities were significantly higher than those in group B (P<0.05), and in group E, the SOD activity elevation was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In groups C, D and E, GSH activity was significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05). MDA content was significantly lower in groups C and D than in group B (P<0.05), but comparable between groups E and B (P>0.05). ET content was also significantly lower in the pretreatment groups (P<0.05), but CGRP content higher (not statistically so, however) than those in group B. The more serious ultrastructural damage of the cerebral tissue was observed in group B, but only mild damage was found in the verapamil groups.

CONCLUSIONSVerapamil given 12-48 h before cerebral ischemia may protect the gerbils from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing SOD, GSH activities and decreasing ET content.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Endothelins ; metabolism ; Gerbillinae ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Verapamil ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo identify the role of 5alpha-reductase in the spermatogenesis of male rats by studying the effect of two 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, Epristeride and Finasteride, on the spermatogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

METHODSChanges in the weight of the testis, serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels, epididymal sperm count, and reproductive function were observed and analyzed after the two 5alpha-reductase inhibitors were administered to male SD rats orally.

RESULTSThe experiment showed that in comparison with control animals, both the two 5alpha-reductase inhibitors: 1. suppressed the development of the prostate and reduced the weight of the testis in the experimental groups (P < 0.05); 2. decreased the serum level of dihydrotestosterone and enhanced testosterone; 3. inhibited epididymal sperm count and productive function.

CONCLUSIONHigh dosages of the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, Epristeride, can suppress the development of the prostate and reduce the weight of the testis, decrease dihydrotestosterone, and inhibit spermatogenesis and productive function in male rats.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors ; Androstadienes ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Finasteride ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects

Objective To explore the clinical treatment efficacy of punch drainage combined with ventricle puncture in patients with senile hypertensive hemorrhage. Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with senile hypertensive hemorrhage, admitted to our hospital from March 2002 to February 2009, were treated by punch drainage combined with ventricle puncture and hematoma dissolution with urokinase. Meanwhile, follow-up for 6-12 months was performed to every patient; the postoperative treatment effects and complications were evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scale; the relations between the prognosis and both the amount of intracerebral hemorrhage and grades of consciousness situation were statistically analyzed. Results Good prognosis was noted in 91 patients,mild disability in 41, severe disability and vegetative state in 13, and death in 23; few postoperative complications were noted. The prognoses were significantly different in patients with different amounts of intracerebral hemorrhage; so are those in patients with different grades of consciousness situation (P＜0.05); the prognosis of patients under grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ consciousness situation was better than that of patients under grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ consciousness situation and the prognosis of patients with hemorrhage between 30-70 mL was obviously better than that of patients with hemorrhage above 70 mL. Conclusion The punch drainage combined with ventricle puncture and hematoma dissolution with urokinase is an effective treatment method for patients with senile hypertensive intracerebral hematoma.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effect of administration of MPA with/without TU on serum sexual hormones and spermatogenesis of male rats.

METHODSTwenty rats had been classified into four groups. Each group received injection of saline(group A) or MPA(37.5 or 75 mg/kg) (group B or group C, respectively) or MPA (75 mg/kg) + TU (25 mg/kg) (group D) every month during three months. Data from serum sexual hormones (FSH, LH, T), sperm counting and motility had been collected and analysed.

RESULTSSpermatogenesis of rats undergoing administration of MPA with or without TU had been suppressed. Serum FSH and LH of group B, C, D declined, and so did serum T of group D. Testis of rats of group D atrophied and sperm counting of group D decreased remarkably compared with group B and C. But there was no statistics difference of the sexual hormone level among group B, C and D.

CONCLUSIONSAdministration of MPA alone could suppress the levels of FSH and LH and block the spermatogenesis of male rats. MPA combined with TU could offer stronger suppression on spermatogenesis. Mechanism of the suppression on spermatogenesis of MPA + TU is not only limited in the feed-back of gonadotropin, but there maybe exist a direct suppression on testis.

Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Drug Interactions ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; metabolism ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; metabolism ; Male ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; pharmacology ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; Testosterone ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDThe epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) maybe changed by strict infection control measures, and the impact of empirical antibiotic therapy on the outcomes of MRSA infection was not clear. We aimed to investigate the present epidemiological status of MRSA infection and empirical antibiotic therapy for MRSA infection in university teaching hospitals in mainland China.

METHODSThe present study was a multicenter prospective observational study conducted in five university teaching hospitals. Patients who were consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit and signed a consent form from March 3, 2011 to May 31, 2011 were included. Patients with age <18 years or with a length of hospital stay <48 hours were excluded from this study. The following variables were collected or recorded: demographic data, general status, APACHE II score of the patient at the time of admission, infections, and the use of antibiotics during a stay. Primary outcomes and prognostic indicators included length of hospital stay and 28-day and 90-day mortality. The differences between the patients with appropriate empirical therapy and patients with inappropriate therapy were analyzed to detect the influences of antibiotic therapy on the prognosis of MRSA infection.

RESULTSA total of 682 cases were enrolled. Thirty (66.2%) of 88 MRSA cases were treated with effective antibiotics for MRSA infection; only 20% received appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. The empirical therapy group compared with the target therapy group had a shorter length of stay, but there were no significant differences in mortality rates. There were no significant differences in the length of hospital stay, length of stay, and 28-day and 90-day mortality between MRSA-infected patients who received or not received effective antibiotics. Two hundred and eighteen cases received sensitive antibiotics for MRSA.

CONCLUSIONSThe MRSA infection rates are at relatively low levels in university teaching hospitals in China. The empirical use of sensitive antibiotics for MRSA infection was at relatively high rate, and there is a tendency of overusing in patients without MRSA infection. On the other hand, the rate of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for patients with MRSA infection is relatively low.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology