The achievements inspection and the drive standard of our country' universities and colleges is unscientific.The inspection result and the incentive mechanism have a lot of questions.Based on some medical university,the author analyzed the indicator system's construction,proposed displaying school culture guidance value,construcing the easy and feasible achievements inspection indicator system and completing measures and so on to better inspection feedback.

Objective To explore the expression of chemerin and chemerin receptor ( chemokine-like receptor 1, CMKLR1) during different periods of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) rat model induced by methionine- and choline-deficient ( MCD) diet. Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into control group and MCD group in random. After one week quarantine and acclimation period, these two groups were fed either normal chow or MCD diet. The animals were respectively sacrificed at the first week, the forth week, and the tenth week. The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), blood lipid profile, liver function, and the content of triglyceride in liver were detected. HE staining was done to observe the morphologic change of liver. The mRNA expression changes of chemerin and CMKLR1 in liver were measured using real-time PCR, and the change in chemerin mRNA level was further confirmed in liver by Northern blot. Finally, the concentration of chemerin in serum was measured by Western blot. Results The mRNA level of chemerin decreased significantly after four and ten weeks MCD feeding, although no obvious changes were found at first week, similar changes were found in serum chemerin (1.00±0.11 vs 0.96±0.39; 1.00±0.12 vs 0.21 ±0.77; 1.00±0.42 vs 0.21 ±0. 11). Contrasting with the change of chemerin(1.00±0.08 vs 0.72±0.10;1.00±0.24 vs 0.63±0. 31 ;1.00±0.05 vs 0.50±0.13), the mRNA level of CMKLR1 increased after MCD feeding( 1.00±0. 14 vs 0. 84±0. 26; 1.00±0. 38 vs 1. 51 ±0. 33; 1. 01 ±0. 13 vs 1. 84 ± 0. 39 ). Conclusion The change of chemerin and its receptor may participate in the process of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective To determine the changes of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) ?-endorphin(?-EP) and C-reactive protein(CRP) in children with central nervous system(CNS) infection.Methods Sixty-five children suffered from CNS infection were determined the plasma and CSF ?-EP and CRP concentration during the acute and recovering stage with radioimmunoassay, which included 48 viral encephalitis, 12 purulent meningitis and 5 tuberculou meningitis,and 24 non-CNS disease children were as control group.Results The concentrations of plasma and CSF ?-EP of every experimental group were obviously higher than those of control group during the early stage of CNS infection and these were obviously lower during the recovering stage. The serum concentration of CRP during acute stage was significantly higher than that during recovering stage. No change of serum and CSF CRP concentration was determined during either the acute or recovering stage in the other two experimental groups.Conclusions Determining the plasma and CSF ?-EP is mea-(ningful) in early diagnosis of CNS infection,and determining the serum CRP at the same time may be helpful in differentiating septic and inseptic infection.

OBJECTIVETo detect gene mutation in proband and his mother from a family with piebaldism.

METHODSDiagnosis of a patient with piebaldism was validated by pathology, ultrastructural examination and the typical clinical manifestation. PCR and DNA sequencing were carried out to detect gene mutation of a family with piebaldism.

RESULTSG1833A transition in the KIT gene was found in the proband of the family with piebaldism. This mutation resulted in V604I substitution in KIT gene. No mutation was found in 100 normal individuals and other family members.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation of V604I is the cause of clinical phenotype of the family with piebaldism.

Base Sequence ; Child ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Piebaldism ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the genotype of swines isolated from humans and their relationships with hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the rural areas of southern China.

METHODSSpecimens collected from normal people with HEV-IgM positive, acute hepatitis E patients and from swine in the same area were detected for HEV RNA using RT-nPCR with ORF2 primers. The positive PCR products were cloned and sequenced.

RESULTS13 out of the 132 samples from swine stool, 4 of 26 HEV-IgM positive sera of normal people and 1 of 4 acute hepatitis E patients' stool sample and sera were tested positive for HEV RNA. Data from sequence analysis showed that the identity at nucleotide level was 89.3%-100.0% among the 10 isolates which shared 78.7% - 84.7%, 83.3% - 85.3%, 76.0% - 80.0% and 84.7% - 95.3% nucleotide sequence identity with HEV genotype I, II, III and IV respectively in the region (nt6317- 6466).

CONCLUSIONHEV circulating in humans and swine in the area belonged to genotype IV.

Animals ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Feces ; virology ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis E ; veterinary ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rural Health ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; virology

AIMTo modify the structure of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

METHODSUsing hairy root cultures of Anisodus tanguticus to perform biotransformation of DHEA, using chromatographic and spectral techniques to isolate and identify the products.

RESULTS(1) The MS medium without plant hormone was suitable for the growth of the hairy root. (2) DHEA was converted into five products: androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione (I); 6alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (II); 6alpha, 17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one (III); androst-4-ene-3, 6, 17-trione (IV) and 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one (V).

CONCLUSIONIt is the first time to use hairy root cultures of Anisodus tanguticus for the biotransformation of DHEA and five DHEA-related compounds were obtained.

Androstenedione ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Androstenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Biotransformation ; Culture Media ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; metabolism ; Solanaceae ; metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques

Objective:To analyze the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cognitive dysfunction.Methods:This is a case-control study. From February 2022 to October 2022, 32 COPD patients (inpatient and outpatient) from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and 32 healthy subjects were recruited. All participants underwent a thorough evaluation, which included Montreal Assessment of Cognitive Function (MoCA), visuospatial n-back task included accuracy (ACC) and mean response time (RT), the pulmonary functions including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1), one-second rate (FEV 1/FVC) and maximum volume per minute (MVV), Health Survey Short Form (SF-36), and St. George′s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The correlation between cognitive dysfunction and lung function, SF-36 and SGRQ in COPD patients were analyzed. Results:The prevalence of smoking, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in the two groups were significantly different (all P<0.05). MoCA score, 1-back ACC and 2-back ACC in COPD group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group [(23.86±4.50) vs (27.55±1.29) points, (76.82%±16.60%) vs (90.61%±7.40%), (67.93%±10.10%) vs (78.74%±10.38%), all P<0.001]; 2-back RT was significantly higher than that of healthy group [(316.43±108.17) vs (254.09±101.62) ms, P<0.05]; and the Physiological function (PF), physiological function (RP), emotional function (RE), energy (VT), social function (SF), physical pain (BP) in SF-36 were significantly worse than the healthy control group (all P<0.05). The MoCA score of COPD group was positively correlated with FEV 1/FVC ( r=0.501, P=0.018). The 1-back ACC was positively correlated with FEV 1 and FEV 1/FVC ( r=0.568, 0.634; both P<0.05). The 1-back RT was negatively correlated with FEV 1/FVC and MVV ( r=-0.452, -0.534; both P<0.05). The 2-back ACC was positively correlated with FEV 1/FVC ( r=0.426, P=0.048). The 2-back RT was negatively correlated with MVV ( r=-0.571, P=0.006). In COPD group, MoCA score was negatively correlated with activity, influence and total score in SGRQ ( r=-0.533, -0.466, -0.521; all P<0.05). The 1-back ACC was negatively correlated with activity, influence and total score ( r=-0.552, -0.517, -0.584; all P<0.05). The 1-back RT was positively correlated with activity, influence and total score ( r=0.430, 0.379, 0.417; all P<0.05). The 2-back ACC was negatively correlated with impact and total score ( r=-0.398, -0.412; both P<0.05). Conclusion:COPD patients have impaired cognitive function, which is mainly manifested by the decline of working memory and executive function, and is correlated with the lung function, general health condition and quality of life.

Objective:To systematically retrieve, evaluate and summarize the research evidence on the measurement method of adult nasogastric tube indwelling length and provide a basis for clinical nursing practice.Methods:To search for Cochrane Library(CD-SR, DARE), Joanna Briggs(JBI), PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science electronic database, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Database, China Knowledge Network from the establishment of the database to December 2018. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted the data.Results:A total of 9 articles were included in the study. The recommended anatomical landmarks for measuring the length of the inserted gastric tube included XNE, NEX, XJN, Hanson method, GWNUF model, earlobe to xiphoid to navel-nose tip to earlobe NEX 10 cm. The tip of the nasogastric tube and all its lateral hole locations obtained by the Hanson method, the GWNUF model, and the XEN 10 cm method were more likely to be located in the stomach.Conclusion:Although NEX is an external measurement method that is widely used in clinical practice, it has proven to be insufficiently accurate and has considerable risks. Therefore, the method of measuring the length of the nasogastric tube insertion should be carefully selected for teaching or use in practice.

OBJECTIVETo determine the seasonal prevalence of genotype-IV hepatitis E virus (HEV) in swine herds in Eastern China and explore the phylogenetic relationship between swine HEV and human HEV in the situation that zoonotic features of HEV had been confirmed.

METHODSFrom September 2007 to June 2008, a total of 1200 swine bile specimens were collected from three slaughter houses located in Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangsu, the Eastern China, and detected for HEV RNA by using nested RT-PCR. The positive PCR products were sequenced. Then the swine HEV were phylogenetically determined with human HEV isolated in Eastern China.

RESULTSThe positive rate for HEV RNA in swine herds was 4.5% totally. Significant differences of HEV detection were not observed among seasonal pattern (Sep - Oct: 6%, Dec - Jan: 4.33%, Mar - Apr: 4.33%, May - Jun: 3.33%) but in geographic distribution (Jiangsu: 6%, Anhui: 5%, Zhejiang: 2.5%). Regardless of isolation from different areas,swine and human genotype-IV HEV shared a high similarity. Phylogenetically, there were 80% - 100% and 96% - 100% identities within swine genotype-lV HEV at the nucleotide and amino acid levels respectively. Between swine HEV and human HEV, there were also similarities of 76% -99% and 95% - 100%. It was noted that some human and swine isolates were clustered with bootstrap values of > 90%.

CONCLUSIONGenotype-IV HEV is widely prevalent in swine herds in Eastern China and original common ancestor of evolution and transmission was implied. The sustaining prevalence within swine herds should have a probable influence on the epidemic situation of hepatitis E in human beings.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Geography ; Hepatitis E ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis E virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; epidemiology ; genetics ; virology

OBJECTIVETo detect the gene mutation of a family with piebaldism.

METHODSDiagnosis of a patient with piebaldism was constructed by pathology, ultrastructural examination and typical clinical-phenotype. Detection of gene mutation was carried out by PCR and DNA sequencing.

RESULTSG 2528A substitution transition in the KIT gene was found in the proband of the family with piebaldism. This mutation resulted in S850N substitution in protein product of KIT gene. No mutation was found in 100 normal individuals and other family members.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation of S850N maybe one cause of clinical phenotype of the family with piebaldism.

Adult ; Base Sequence ; China ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Piebaldism ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA