OBJECTIVE: To prepare lipid microbubbles as well as to evaluate their characteristics and efficacy. METHODS: Octafluoropropane-containing lipid microbubbles were prepared by high speed shearing method. Orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the prescription. The resultant microbubbles were characterized, in terms of morphology, concentration, size, distribution and the octafluoropropane content. Moreover, the contrast effect of the microbubbles in New Zealand rabbit's kidney and liver was studied. RESULTS: The average concentration of microbubbles was (2.99±0.19)×109 their average size was (2.46±0.05) μm, and 97% of them were smaller than 7 μm. Octafluoropropane content was (387.81±35.28) μg·mL-1. With the help of the lipid microbubbles, satisfactory ultrasound contrast images of rabbit's kidney and liver were got. CONCLUSION: The microbubbles prepared by high speed shearing method have regular morphology, and their size distribution is small and even. It can be used as an excellent ultrasound contrast agent which can enhance significantly the yield of ultrasound examination and thus allow better imaging. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

AlM:To observe the efficacy of using botulinum toxin A in the treatment of blepharospasm.
METHODS: Totally 113 patients with blepharospasm were managed with a local injection of botulinum toxin A, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated.
RESULTS:Fifty-nine cases ( 52. 2%) had a complete remission of symptoms, 49 patients ( 43. 4%) presented with obvious relieved spasm, 4 cases ( 3. 5%) were partially relieved and the 1 patient ( 0. 9%) remained unchanged. The total effective rate was 99. 1%. The time of beginning effect was 1-14d. The recover time was mostly in 14d. The average of therapeutic effect lasted 1-9mo. Adverse reactions such as mild palpebra dysraphism, palpebra ptosis and local subcutaneous blood stasis were found in 23 patients, and the symptoms disappeared in 2-4wk.
CONCLUSlON:Botulinum toxin A can effectively control medium and severe blepharospasm by injecting a little dose on local muscle.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride for postoperative analgesia in patients who received spin surgery.Methods Sixty -nine patients treated with spin surgery were included in this study and randomly divided into treatment group ( n=34 ) and control group ( n=35).Half an hour before the end of operation ,the patients of the two group were given oxycodone hydrochloride and morphine 0.07 mg · kg-1 , respectively.After extubation , patient -controlled analgesia pump was given with the background dosage of 0.5 mg · h -1 and one time push 1 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride or morphine.The mean arterial pressure ( MAP) , and heart rate were com-pared in the time points of entering the operation room ( T0 ) ,tracheal in-tubation ( T1 ) , 5 min after tracheal intubation ( T2 ) , and 15 min after tra-cheal intubation(T3) between the two groups.The recovery time, extu-bation time ,visual analogue scale ( VAS) ,observer assessment of sedation ( OAA/S ) score and safety were compared between the two groups . Results The MAP and heart rate were not statistically different between the two groups and among the time points ( P>0.05 ).The recovery time , extubation time , VAS, OAA/S score in treatment group were significant lower than those of control group( P<0.05 ).The adverse drug reaction rates were 17.14%and 8.82% in the control group and treatment group respectively with statistical difference ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion Compared with morphine , oxycodone hydrochloride is more effective and safe for postoperative analgesia in patients who received spin surgery.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical results of an interspinous stabilization system (Wallis) in treating lumbar degenerative disease in the short-term.

METHODSFrom August 2007 to June 2010,48 patients with lumbar degenerative disease who were treated with interspinous stabilization system, the data of patients were analyzed retrospectively. In all of the 48 cases, there were 30 males and 18 females with an average age of 54.2 years (ranged, 40 to 68 years). Forty-four cases were with single segment and 4 cases with two segments. Of them, 4 cases were in L3, 4, 40 cases were in L4, 5, 4 cases were in L3, 4 and L4, 5. The radiographic data of patients were analyzed. Clinical effects were evaluated by Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score system and low back pain disability questionnaire (Oswestry) and Odom method.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 1 to 2 years with an average of 18 months. According to Odom's criteria, 20 cases obtained excellent results, 24 good, 4 fair. JOA score increased from 12.4 +/- 2.7 preoperatively to 26.1 +/- 2.0 postoperatively (P < 0.01). Oswestry score decreased from 14.1 +/- 2.9 preoperatively to 5.5 +/- 1.8 postoperatively (P < 0.01). The posterior height of intervertebral space and height of nerve root canal increased compared with that of preperative height.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment of lumbar degenerative disease with interspinous stabilization system can obtain satisfactory effects in the near future. It can retain dynamic stable of corresponding segments, expand volume of vertebral canal, and is safe and feasible.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; surgery

Objective To study the application of the trinity model and trinity forecasting method in predicting the incidence trend of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB).Methods By applying the monthly PTB incidence data in Zhe-jiang Province from 2011 to 2021,a prediction model was constructed based on the trinity model and trinity forecas-ting method.Predictive performance of the model was evaluated.Results The mean relative prediction errors of model 1 and model 2 based on trinity model and trinity forecasting method were 7.94％and 8.43％,respectively.The mean relative prediction error obtained by adopting autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was 8.87％,and the above mean relative prediction error were all in the range of 7.9％-8.9％,which presented an excellent performance of the forecasting model.Conclusion The trinity model is an excellent time series forecasting model,and the trinity forecasting method is an excellent time series forecasting method,with high application value.

Objective :To explore correlation between serum vitamin D level and cardiac diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension (EH) and normal left ventricular systolic function .Methods :A total of 177 EH patients with normal left ventricular systolic function in our department were divided into vitamin D no deficiency group (≥20ng／ml ,n＝62) and vitamin D deficiency group (＜20ng／ml ,n＝115) ,according to serum vitamin D level .The relationship between serum vitamin D level and cardiac diastolic function was analyzed .Results :(1) Compared with vitamin D no deficiency group , there were significant reductions in blood calcium level [ (2.38 ± 0.12) mmol／L vs.(2.32 ± 0.15) mmol／L] ,mitral early diastolic peak flow velocity [E ,(0.73 ± 0.15) m／s vs.(0.66 ± 0.14) m／s] ,ratio of E to late diastolic peak flow velocity (A) [E／A ,(0.86 ± 0.26) vs.(0.76 ± 0.20)] in vitamin D deficiency group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01 ;(2) Among the total 177 patients ,serum vitamin D level was significant positively correlated with E and E／A ( r＝0.200 ,0.193 , P＝0.008 , 0.01) ;according to age stratification ,serum vitamin D level was significant positively correlated with E and E／A in ≥60 years patients (r＝0.175 ,0.223 ,P＝0.037 ,0.007) ;according to gender stratification ,serum vitamin D level was signifi‐cant positively correlated with E and E／A in male patients ( r＝0.268 ,0.221 , P＝0.003 ,0.014) ;(3) After correcting age and gender ,Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum vitamin D level was significant positively correlated with E and E／A (β＝3.418 ,1.738 , P＝0.002 ,0.023).Conclusion :Serum vitamin D level is significant positively correlated with cardiac diastolic function in EH patients with normal left ventricular systolic function .

Objective To explore the mechanism of action of Danshen Baoxin Cha(DBC) on depressed mice with coronary heart disease (CHD) based on network pharmacology and NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. Methods (1) TCMSP and BATMAN-TICAM databases were used to screen the DBC active ingredients and targets. The targets of CHD with depression were screened using the OMIM and Genecards databases. The targets of DBC active ingredients and related targets of CHD with depression were imported into Venny 2.1 online platform to obtain the intersection targets,which was the potential target of DBC in the treatment of CHD with depression. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed on the intersection targets using the STRING platform to screen the key targets. A "drug-active ingredients-disease-targets" network was created to select the main active ingredients and core targets of DBC for the treatment of CHD with depression. Thereafter,the primary targets were examined by GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment using the Metascape database.(2)Kunming mice were split into six groups of eight mice each at random:the control group,the model group,the positive control group (metoprolol tartrate 5.14 mg·kg-1+sertraline hydrochloride 10.3 mg·kg-1),and the DBC high-,middle-,and low-dose groups (30.8,15.4 and 7.7 g·kg-1·d-1). Chronic unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS)and subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO) were used to induce a mice model of CHD with depression. Mice were treated orally with the corresponding drug once a day for 18 consecutive days. Behavioral experiments involving forced swimming test,tail suspension test,and open-field test were applied to detect depression levels of mice. Histopathological alterations in hippocampus tissues were noted using HE and Nissl staining. qPCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of IL-6,TNF-α,NLRP3,IL-1β,IL-10,and Caspase-1 in hippocampus tissues. Results(1) Sixty-five active components in Salvia and seven active components in green tea were screened out. A total of 1042 potential targets and 2116 CHD complicated with depression-related targets were obtained. The intersection of the targets of active components and disease-related targets was performed by Venny 2.1.0 platform to obtain 299 potential targets (common targets) of DBC in the treatment of CHD with depression. The core targets including IL-1β,AKT1,TNF-α,IL-6,VEGFA,CASP3 and IL-10 were screened through PPI network analysis of potential targets. Key active ingredients including vitamin B,luteolin,salvianolic acid,tanshinone ⅡA and catechin,as well as key targets,such as PTGS2、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α and IL-10,were obtained by network analysis of "drugs-active ingredients-disease-targets". The potential targets were correlated with biological processes such as inflammation response,regulation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF),glucocorticoid regulation,regulation of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) transcription factor,as well as major pathways including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,apoptosis signaling pathway,and NF-κB signaling pathway.(2) Compared with the control group,mice in the model group showed a significant decrease in the total and center distance of the open field (P<0.01) and a significant increase in the time of forced swimming and immobility time of tail suspension test (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of IL-6,TNF-α,NLRP3,IL-1β,and Caspase-1 was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01) in the hippocampus tissues,but IL-10 mRNA expression was down-regulated (P<0.05). Compared with the model group,the total and center distance in DBC high-,middle-,and low-dose groups were significantly up-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the time of forced swimming and immobility time of tail suspension test were significantly down-regulated (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of IL-6,TNF-α,NLRP3,IL-1β and Caspase-1 of the DBC high-,middle-,and low-dose groups were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01),IL-10 mRNA expression in mice hippocampus tissue of DBC high-and middle-dose groups was up-regulated (P<0.01). Conclusion The intervention effect of DBC on depressed mice with CHD may be achieved by active ingredients including luteolin,tanshinone,salvianolic acid and catechin acting on the key targets,such as IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10,to regulate the NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty ( SILS-TEP ) with self-made port for repairing of inguinal hernia .Methods: SILS-TEP was performed in 7 inguinal hernia patients ( 9 sides) with conventional laparoscopic instruments and self-made port, which composed of a wound retractor , surgical gloves and 3 ordinary trocars .The clinical data and fellow-up results of 7 cases were retrospectively collected and analyzed .Results: The self-made port was applied for SILS-TEP uneventfully without the need of additional ports in all 7 patients (9 inguinal hernias).The median operating time was 90.0 (70-125) min, intraoperative blood loss was 10.0 ( 5.0 -20.0 ) mL and postoperative hospital stay was 2.0 ( 2.0 -4.0 ) d.The median pain scores of visual analog scale (VAS) at 6 h,12 h, 24 h and 14 d were 3(2~4), 2(1~2), 1(0~2) and 0(0~1 ) , respectively .There were no intraoperative complications reported , and all patients were satisfied with wound healing . No hernia recurrence was observed during the 3-months of follow-up.Conclusion: Our initial experiences show that SILS-TEP with self-made port is s safe and feasible surgery , which can simplify the procedure with available equipments and reduce the cost , therefore can be applied in grass-root hospitals .

Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Dentate Gyrus ; cytology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; transplantation ; Swine

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mortality of injuries among children and adolescents aged 5 to 24 in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide the theoretical basis for the formulation of policies related to injury prevention. METHODS: The mortality data of children and adolescents aged 5 to 24 years in China between 1990 and 2019 were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, and the change in mortality between 1990 and 2019 was described. Age-period-cohort analysis was utilized to determine the age effect, period effect and cohort effect for road injuries, drowning and self-harm. RESULTS: Injury mortality of Chinese children and adolescents aged 5 to 24 years decreased from 46.22 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 40.88-52.12] per 100 000 to 20.36 (95%UI: 17.58-23.38) per 100 000 between 1990 and 2019. Sub-group analysis revealed a pattern that was basically consistent with the overall trend. From 1990 to 2019, drowning declined from the first leading cause of injury death among children and adolescents aged 5 to 24 years in China to the second while road injuries became the one which caused the most death among them, and self-harm was the third leading cause of injury death. The top three causes of injury death in each subgroup were basically the same as the overall, but the order was different in each subgroup. Age-period-cohort analysis showed that the death risk of road injuries, drowning, and self-harm all decreased with period and cohort. Aside from that, the death risk of road injuries showed a U-shape trend, which decreased at first but increased soon afterwards, with the increase of age, while the death risk of drowning decreased with age and the death risk of self-harm increased with age. CONCLUSION In China, the injuries mortality among children and adolescents aged 5 to 24 years has decreased over the last three decades. However, specific cause-related injury deaths, manifested differently in different sub-groups. Targeted policies and intervention should be proposed to reduce the mortality of children and adolescents in accordance with the characteristics of injuries death in different genders and age groups.
Adolescent ; Asians ; Cause of Death ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Drowning ; Female ; Global Burden of Disease ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries