Objective To investigate the Human papillomavirus(HPV)infection in different age groups of women in Shenyang, and explore its correlation with cervical biopsy diagnosis.Methods 7 311 women aged 13-85 did HPV test and thin-cytologic test (TCT)in the hospital.Some of them had biopsy detection under electronic colposcopy,and the pathological diagnosis was the golden standard for the diagnosis of cervical lesions.SPSS18.0 statistical software was used for all statistical analysis.Results The infection rate of <30 years old women was significantly higher than that of 30 - <40,40 - <50,≥50 years old women (P <0.05).The most prevalent high-risk HPV genotype in Shenyang were subtype 16,52,58,53,33,31 and 18,and the most prevalent low-risk HPV subtypes were 81,11 and 6.The former 4 subtypes of high-risk HPV infection accounted for 67.3% of all high-risk infection.As to the 4 subtypes with higher infection rate,the infection rate of ≥40 years old women was higher than that of <40 years old(χ2 =20.29,P =0.00).The top two low-risk HPV subtypes accounted for 74.8% of the infections.The mean age of the ICC patients were 48.3,which was statistically different from the other groups(P <0.05).Cervical lesions occured mostly in 40-49 years old,which accounted for 37.1% and was higher than the other agees(P <0.01).HPV16 infection rate increased with the severity of cervical lesions.Conclusion HPV DNA genotyping is a necessary methord for cervical cancer screen,an effective com-plement for precancerous lesions diagnosis which was missed in cytology test,and also an indispensable test for CIN treatment and follow-up after operation.

Objective To investigate the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA levels on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 disease progression in Chinese HIV/HCV co-infected individuals. Methods Cross-sectional analysis was performed among 391 HIV-infected patients for assessment of HCV-IgG, HCV-RNA, HIV-RNA, CD4 cell counts and cell surface markers of immune activation, to compare the difference of viral and immune indexes between HCV-RNA high group and HCV-RNA low group, and to elucidate the association between HCV-RNA, HIV-RNA and CD4 cell counts in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Results (1) The percentage of anti HCV-IgG positive of former plasma donor group (93%) and drug-injection group (97.5%) were significantly higher than that of sexual transmission group (20.1%). The percentage of HCV-RNA positive of drug-injection group (89.9%) was significantly higher than that of former plasma donor group (48.3%) and sexual transmission group (62.5%), P<0.01, respectively. (2) HCV-RNA levels were positively correlated to HIV-RNA levels (r=0.237,P

Objective To compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(US-FNA)biopsy in diagnosing solid and complex thyroid nodules with different size. Methods One hundred and seventy-five thyroid FNA biopsies were prospectively performed on 168 patients ranging from 4 to 75 years of age. Sixty-three nodules were surgically excised and the others were clinically followed-up. The cytology diagnoses were categorized into four groups: benign, malignant, suspicious and unsatisfactory. Results There was no significant complication in the all 115 solid and 60 complex thyroid lesions and there were 36and 3 malignant nodules respectively in solid and complex thyroid nodules. The nondiagnostic rates of solid and complex nodules were 7％ and 8％. The accuracy of US-FNA in diagnosing complex thyroid nodules was comparatively equal to that of in solid thyroid nodules. In solid thyroid nodules, the sensitivity and accuracy in ≤1 cm group were similar to that of in ＞1 cm group. Conclusions US-FNA was an accurate and reliable method to diagnose thyroid solid and complex lesions.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the incidence and time trends of esophageal and gastric cancers in Linzhou city bassed on the data of Linxian Tumor Registry, and to provide valid reference data for research and effective estimation of cancer control in this area.

METHODSAll incidence records for the both cancers during 1988-2003 were drawn from Linzhou Tumor Registry and grouped by sex, age, year and then linked to corresponding population data. The incidence rates of those two topographic site cancers were calculated and the age-adjusted rates were calculated by direct standardization to the world population. A joinpoint model was used to get the annual percentage change (APC) of the age-adjusted rates, and to estimate the epidemiological trends of both cancers in population of Linzhou city.

RESULTSIn the year 2003 the age-adjusted incidence rates of esophageal and gastric cancers were 81.78 per 100 000 and 77.08 per 100 000, respectively, in the population of Linzhou city. The incidence rate of both cancers showed a decreasing trend from 1988 to 2003. The APC of the incidence rates of esophageal cancer was - 2.6% and that of gastric cancer was - 1.8%, and both indexes were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence rates of esophageal and gastric cancers have presented a decreasing trends in the population of Linzhou city. This trend will continue along with the development of social economy, elevation of living standard and improvement in living habit and environment.

Cardia ; China ; epidemiology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology

BACKGROUNDAt the end of 2005, 650,000 people lived with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in China, of whom 75 000 were AIDS patients. Many AIDS patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) supported by the "China CARES" program but the immune responses of HAART were seldom reported. This study investigated the effect of HAART on the activation and coreceptor expression of T lymphocytes in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients and evaluated its effect on immune reconstitution.

METHODSSeventeen HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled and three-color-flow cytometry was used to detect the activation of HLA-DR CD38 and the coreceptor CCR5, CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes in whole blood samples taken from the patients before and after 3- or 6-month HAART.

RESULTSThe activation percents of CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocytes were significantly higher before therapy than the normal controls (HLA-DR/CD4: 40.47 +/- 18.85 vs 11.54 +/- 4.10; CD38/CD4: 81.34 +/- 10.86 vs 53.34 +/- 11.44; HLA-DR/CD8: 63.94 +/- 12.71 vs 25.67 +/- 9.18; CD38/CD8: 86.56 +/- 11.41 vs 58.84 +/- 6.16, all P < 0.01). After 6-month combined antiretroviral treatment, the activation of T lymphocytes in HIV/AIDS patients was significantly decreased (HLA-DR/CD4: 28.31 +/- 13.48; CD38/CD4: 69.88 +/- 12.64; HLA-DR/CD8: 46.56 +/- 18.64; CD38/CD8: 70.17 +/- 14.54, all P < 0.01 compared with the pre-treatment values). Before the treatment, CCR5 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes was up-regulated while CXCR4 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes downregulated in HIV/AIDS patients compared with the normal controls (CD8/CCR5: 70.91 +/- 10.03 vs 52.70 +/- 7.68; CD8/CXCR4: 24.14 +/- 11.08 vs 50.05 +/- 11.68, all P < 0.01). After 6-month HAART, CCR5 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes significantly decreased (56.35 +/- 12.96, P < 0.01), while CXCR4 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes increased (36.95 +/- 9.96, P < 0.05) compared with the pre-treatment and the normal controls. A significant statistical relationship was observed between the expression of activation markers, CCR5 and the CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts after HAART (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSReduced activation of T lymphocytes and a normalization of coreceptor expression were observed in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients after HAART. Immunity can be restored in HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; China ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Chemokine ; analysis ; drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the safety and efficacy of cochlear implantation among elderly patients with severe to profound hearing loss.

METHODSEight pre-elderly and elderly patients with an medium age of 58 years who suffered from bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss received cochlear implantation between November 2008 and November 2009. The patients' tolerance to implant surgery and the occurrence of complications were observed. Three months after switch-on, aided threshold and speech performance were measured.

RESULTSThe surgery was uneventful in all cases with normal intraoperative neural response telemetry elicited. Three months after switch-on, average aided threshold across speech frequencies was 35 - 50 dB HL measured in sound field with warble tone. The results of speech audiometry showed large variation between individuals. Some patients achieved good performance in monosyllable recognition test, disyllables threshold test and sentences recognition test under both bubble noise and quiet conditions.

CONCLUSIONSPre-elderly and elderly patients can endure a state of general anesthesia for cochlear surgery without complications. Cochlear implant can provide reconstruction of speech recognition capabilities for elderly patients suffering from severe to profound hearing loss. Cochlear implantation can improve the quality of life of elderly patients with hearing loss.

Aged ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Aim To determine the effect of histamine H

OBJECTIVEDuring 2003-2005, an outbreak of meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C occurred in China. With the aim to find strain clues result in the final epidemics, the ancestral strain 053442, a clinical isolate, and a carrier strain 053426 with different gene type were analyzed.

METHODSClinical strain 053442 and carrier strain 053426 were cultured on GC agar plates under the same condition. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed using the pH 3-10 nonlinear IPG strips of 24 cm length, and all the protein spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight spectrometry.

RESULTS502 and 380 protein spots were identified in 053426 and 053442 respectively, relating to 266 and 202 different genes covering a wide range of cellular functions. The express volume and number of proteins involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis and amino acid biosynthesis in 053426 were higher than in 053442. Virulence factor Opa, Opc and a series of proteins involved in pilus assembly and retraction were identified in 053442, which appear to be of primary importance in colonization and invasion of human cells. Compared to 053442, virulence protein species were less in 053426, with lower express volumes too. No Opa and Opc were detected in 053426.

CONCLUSIONSThe different protein expression profiles of the clinical strain 053442 and carrier strain 053426 in the present study provide some clues of the different pathogenicity of the two strains, which may account for result in the final epidemics.

Bacterial Proteins ; analysis ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Humans ; Meningitis, Meningococcal ; cerebrospinal fluid ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Proteome ; analysis ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

OBJECTIVE To provide scientific basis for establishing the evaluation index system of professional and specialized drug inspectors in China. METHODS Through the method of literature research， group discussions and behavioral event interview， combined with the practice situation of drug inspection at home and abroad， in accordance with the requirements of Chinese laws and regulations and department rules， the evaluation indexes for drug inspectors were extracted and screened. In addition， the Delphi method was used to conduct correspondence with experts in relevant fields so as to determine the evaluation index system of drug inspectors. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Finally， 62 experts completed two rounds of anonymous online questionnaires， including 29 experts in the first round and 33 experts in the second round. The questionnaire recovery rates were 96.67% and 94.29% respectively， and the expert authority coefficients were 0.81 and 0.79， indicating a high level of authority among experts. After expert consultation， evaluation index system for professional and specialized drug inspectors had been constructed， including five first-level indexes （personal characteristics， professional knowledge， professional skills， professional behavior and professional ethics） and their corresponding 27 second-level indexes. The average score of the importance of second-level indexes was 4.224- 4.879， the full score ratio was 81.8%-100%， the coefficient of variation was 0.067-0.177， and Kendall’s W was 0.643 （P＜0.001）. It indicates that this evaluation index system is relatively reliable and is expected to become a management tool for promoting the construction of professional and specialized drug inspector team and ensuring the quality of drug inspection.

Objective: To explore the composition of bacteria in lower respiratory tract of patients with pneumoconiosis and dust exposure, and to compare and analyze the difference and correlation between them. Methods: From May 2020 to January 2021, a prospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted to select patients with pneumoconiosis who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage treatment at the Respiratory and Critical Care Medical Department of the 920th Hospital of the Joint Support Force and the Respiratory Department of Tongren Hospital in Kunming, as well as the population of dust recipients. A total of 24 patients with pneumoconiosis (pneumoconiosis group) were included, and 16 dust exposed individuals (dust exposed group) were used as controls. Two groups of patients' alveolar lavage fluid were collected. The 16SrRNA gene V3-V4 sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis platform were used to measure and analyze the differences in microbial structure composition and associations between bacterial communities. Results: Compared with the dust exposed group, the top 5 bacterial phyla in the alveolar lavage fluid level of patients with pneumoconiosis were the same, followed by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Compared with the dust exposure group, the pneumoconiosis group patients belong to the top 5 genera of horizontal flora abundance, which are different. The dust exposure group is respectively: Pseudomonas, Proctor, Streptococcus, Achromobacter, and Neisseria. The pneumoconiosis group is respectively: Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Streptococcus, Ralstonia, and Proctor. The Alpha diversity analysis results showed that compared with the dust exposed group, the level of bacterial diversity in the pneumoconiosis group was difference (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in bacterial evenness (P>0.05) ; Beta diversity showed differences in microbial community structure between the two groups (P<0.05 ). Single factor microbial association network analysis showed that there was a high correlation between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the pneumoconiosis and dust exposed groups and other species, showing a positive correlation; The correlation between Proteobacteria and other species is high, showing a negative correlation. Conclusion: The structure and relative abundance of bacteria in lower respiratory tract were different between patients with pneumoconiosis and dust exposure, and the diversity of bacteria in lower respiratory tract increased in patients with pneumoconiosis, which may be related to disease status.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Pneumoconiosis ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Dust ; Respiratory System