Objectives To analyze the relationship between phosphorylation of serine-3 of cofilin1 and Taxol resistance of ovarian cancer and to evaluate the prognostic value of cofilin1 phosphorylation in estimating ovarian cancer survival using clinical samples.Methods Wild type (WT) plasmids with over-expression of wild cofilin1,S3L plasmids with over-expression of cofilin1 and inhibited phosphorylation at serine-3,and siRNA-C plasmids with down-regulation of cofilin1 were constructed using molecular biology techniques.After the SKOV3 and SK-TR30 cell-lines were transfected with these plasmids,changes in biological characteristics and drug resistance after instant transfection were compared.Fifty-one elderly female patients with microscopically confirmed ovarian cancer,who had received chemotherapy with Taxol and cis-platinum (TC)after surgery,including 30 chemo-sensitive and 21 chemo-resistant cases,were recruited in this study.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of cofilinl and phosphorylated cofilin in tissue sections from the two groups.Progression free survival(PFS)was analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the proportion of cells increased at the G0/G1 phase(P=0.034)and decreased at the S phase (P=0.031),and the apoptosis rate decreased(P=0.020),in SKOV3 cells with high expression of cofilin1.However,these characteristics disappeared when the wild type was replaced with the inactive mutant S3L.When cofilin1 expression was down-regulated in SK-TR30 cells,the proportion of cells at the G0/G1 phase decreased(P=0.020).The expression of cofilin1 was detected in 56.7 ％ (17/30)and 57.1％ (12/21),respectively,sections of ovarian tumor tissues of the chemo-sensitive and chemoresistant groups,and there was no statistic difference (x2=0.332,P =0.943)between the two groups.The expression of phosphorylated cofilin was much higher in the chemo-resistant group (85.7％ or 18/21)than in the chemo-sensitive group (53.3％ or 16/30),and the difference was statistically significant(x2=5.829,P=0.016).The higher expression of phosphorylated cofilin was also correlated with shorter PFS(x2 =21.440,P＜0.01,95％ CI:0.068-0.883),especially in the chemo-sensitive group.Conclusions Serine-3 phosphorylation status of cofilin 1 is associated with paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer,but the underlying mechanisms of regulation need further investigation.

Objective To study the effect of lentinan on cisplatin’s inhibition on cervical cancer Hela cell line. Method Cervical cancer Hela cell line were divided into LEN group (only lentinan treatment), CIS group (only Cisplatin treatment), LEC group (Both Lentinan and Cisplatin treatment) and CON group (no Lentinan and Cisplatin treatment) according to their treatment methods. The differences of cell proliferation, cell cycle, PI and apoptosis were compared. Results The differences of absorbance between LEN group and CON group were not significant d1-d8 after treatment, but significant between CIS and LEC group (P<0.05). The absorbance in LEC group was significantly lower than in CIS group (P<0.05). The differences of PI and apoptosis rate in LEC and CIS group were significant (P<0.05), but not between LEN and group. The PI in LEC group was lower than in CIS group (P<0.05), while apoptosis rate was higher (P<0.05). Conclusion Lentinan could significantly promote Cisplatin’s inhibition effects on cervical cancer Hela cell line.

Objective To investigate the condition of activity and participation of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods 34 inpatients with TBI were assessed with World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS) 2.0 (International Chinese Version of fully structured interviewer administered 36 question). Results The patients with TBI had mild difficulty (2.10±1.33) in understanding and communicating, moderate in getting around (3.20±1.56), self-care (3.06±1.41) and getting along with people (2.43±1.33),and moderate to severe in life activities (3.86±1.33) and participation in society (3.51±1.19). Conclusion The patients with TBI feel difficulty major in life activities, participation in society, and getting around.

Objective To explore the status and economic burden of falls in elderly people living in an urban community and tO provide evidence for prevention of falls in the elderly. Methods A cross-section study was conducted in a community in Beijing.A total of 1512 persons aged 60 years and over were selected with stratified cluster sampling,and the data about falls within the past 12months,the consequences and the direct economic burden were collected by face-to-face interview.Results The overall incidence of falls was 18.0%within 1 year among 1512 interviewees.Of the participants,8.7%(131 cases)suffered from injuries of falls(143 times)and 77.6%(111 times)adopted the corresponding treatments.Direct economic burden caused by falls totaled 741.82 yuan per fall,including direct medical cost 650.77 yuan per fall,and 244.76 yuan per fall should be paid by the elderly themselves.In 143 times of falls,74.8%recovered and a few(5 cases)had complications and disability accordingly. Conclusions The incidence of fall in an urban elderly community of Beijing is high and will cause huge economic burden.

The fragmentation pathways of five estrogens (estradiol, estrone, equilin sulfate, 17 a-dihydroequilin sulfate and equilenin sulfate) have been studied with high resolution and high mass accuracy using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF/MS) in the negative ion mode. Molecular weights were obtained from [M-H](-) ions in the product ion spectra. The results indicate that the five structurally similar estrogens have similar fragmentation pathways. Using their stable isotope forms as internal reference compounds, the accurate mass and composition of the fragment ions were determined. During collision-induced dissociation (CID), cleavage is initiated by loss of oxygen atoms from carbon-17, after which D and C rings cleave sequentially and rearrange to finally form stable conjugate structures with highly abundant characteristic fragment ions at m/z 183 (accompanied by m/z 181), m/z 169 and m/z 145 (accompanied by m/z 143). Understanding these characteristic fragmentation pathways of estrogens will be helpful in identifying the structures of steroid hormones in general.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Equilenin ; chemistry ; Equilin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Estradiol ; chemistry ; Estrogens ; chemistry ; Estrone ; chemistry ; Ions ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

With the continuous progress of tumor treatment methods in recent years, more and more emerging antitumor drugs have been approved to market and put into clinical use. In addition, some treatments that are in clinical trials such as gene therapy are also continuously making new breakthroughs. In this review, we mainly give a brief introduction to the novel antineoplastic therapies that have been clinically used in recent years, as well as the ones with remarkable efficacy and are expected to be approved for marketing.

Objective To analyze the epidemic features of anemia among students aged 6-11 years old in Minghang District,to provide basis for the control and prevention strategies of anemia among school students.Methods Surveillance on hemoglobin concentration was conducted among 42 872 students aged from 6 to 11 years old between 2012 and 2015.All data analyses were completed by SPSS 18.0 statistical software.Results The prevalence rate of anemia among school students 6-11 years old was 5.05％ (95％CI:4.84-5.26).The prevalence rate of anemia among girls was 5.28％,which was significantly higher than that 4.84％ among boys (x2 =4.24,P =0.037).Six-year-old boys and girls were most susceptible to anemia.Compared to students in Hope Schools,public school students are more vulnerable to anemia (boys:OR =2.37,95 ％ CI:2.03-2.76;girls:OR =2.08,95 ％ CI:1.74 -2.49).Overweight and obese students had a lower risk of anemia than average students (boys:OR =0.65,95 ％ CI:0.55-0.76;girls:OR =0.75,95 ％ CI:0.61-0.92).The three-year cumulative incidence of anemia was 12.80％ (95 ％CI:12.49-13.12).The cumulative incidence among girls was 14.52％,which was significantly higher than that of 11.28％ among boys (x2 =100.26,P＜0.001).Six-year-old boys have the highest three-year cumulative risk among all students,while 10-11-year-old girls have the highest three-year cumulative incidence.The risk of anemia in Hope School was found highest in all schools (boys:RR =1.93,95％CI:1.72-2.16;girls:RR =1.20,95 ％CI:1.04-1.39).Overweight and obesity were considered protective factors to anemia (boys:RR =0.75,95％CI:0.67-0.84;girls:RR =0.77,95％CI:0.68-0.88).The primary and recurrent detection rates of anemia were 14.58％ and 2.54％.The anemia among students was mainly detected during the first examination despite the differences in ages,schools and nutrition conditions (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of anemia among primary school students in Minhang District is at a mild level.Control measures should be adopted,including monitoring of hemoglobin in all school children and adolescents,taking individual intervention measures based on results,promoting the health education for adolescent girls and parents of school children,and paying special attention to Hope School and students with recurrent and continuous anemia.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the role of resistin in insulin resistance (IR) through investigating the variation of plasma resistin levels and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in resistin gene 5' flanking region in stroke patients.

METHODSIn 103 atherothrombotic cerebral infarction (ACI) patients, 85 lacunar infarction (LI) patients, 70 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients, and 86 healthy controls, plasma resistin and insulin levels were measured by ELISA, SNPs in resistin gene 5' flanking region were detected by PCR and direct DNA sequencing. The subjects' body height and weight, the body mass index, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), blood pressure, and the concentration of fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were also determined.

RESULTSQUICKI was significantly lower in the ACI and ICH patients (0.316 +/- 0.037 and 0.309 +/- 0.032, respectively) than that in the controls (0.342 +/- 0.043, P < 0.001), while plasma resistin level was significantly higher in the ACI and ICH patients (6.36 +/- 3.79 and 7.15 +/- 4.27 ng/mL, respectively) than that in the controls (5.28 +/- 2.56 ng/mL, P < 0.05), but such difference was not observed in the LI patients compared with controls. There was a statistically negative correlation between plasma resistin level with QUICKI (r = -0.228, P < 0.001). The distributions of allele and genotype frequencies of resistin gene - 420C > G and - 537A > C SNPs were not significantly different among the different groups, and those SNPs were not correlated with other clinical and biochemical parameters.

CONCLUSIONSPlasma resistin is associated with stroke by participating in the development of IR. The SNPs in resistin gene 5' flanking region has no impact on the plasma resistin level.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; genetics ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; physiology ; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis ; blood ; genetics ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Resistin ; blood ; genetics ; Stroke ; blood ; genetics ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo construct a recombinant lentiviral vector for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression, and observe its effect on the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells in vitro.

METHODSChemical methods were employed for synthesis of the MnSOD cDNA sequence sections, along with the attB sites. Target gene fragment was constructed on the pMD-18T vector, and the recombinant plasmid pDONR221 was obtained after BP recombination reaction. Sequencing was followed by LR recombination reaction between the plasmid and DEST to obtain the lentiviral vector, which worked with helper plasmid for co-transfection of human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (293T cells). Amplification was done to determine its titer, and both transfection and selection procedures were made to get two stable transfected esophageal cancer TE-1 cell lines with medium MnSOD expression (TE-1Mm cells) and high MnSOD expression (TE-1Mh cell), and empty vector cell (TE-1Mn cells). Reverse transcription polymerase chine reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the target gene with respect to its expression in the TE-1 cells. Additionally, colorimetric 3-[4,5-dimethy thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, agar colony formation assay, annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry experiments were also conducted as to observe the influence of the medium and high MnSOD overexpressions on the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells.

RESULTSRT-PCR indicated that the transfected TE-1 cells showed positive MnSOD expression at different levels. Immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and Western blot suggested that TE-1Mm cells and TE-1Mh cells had MnSOD protein expression at different levels. MTT assay indicated that TE-1Mm cells had a significantly decreased survival rate compared with that of the two control cells (TE-1 cells and TE-1Mn cells), and TE-1 Mh cells had an significantly increased survival rate (P<0.05). The colony formation ability of TE-1Mm cells was (23.0 +/- 2.7)%, and that of TE-1Mh cells was (45.3 +/- 4.5)%, significantly different form the (34.7 +/- 4.2)% in TE-1 cells and (33.7 +/- 4.7)% in TE-1Mn cells (P<0.05). Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining experiment of the stably transfected cells cultured for 48 h showed that the early apoptosis rate in TE-1Mm cells was (10.6 +/- 1.0)%, significantly higher than (2.6 +/- 0.2)% in the TE-1 cells, (2.5 +/- 0.6)% in the empty vector cells and (1.0 +/- 0.1)% in the TE-1Mh cels (P<0.05). The fluorescence index (FI) of mitochondrial apoptosis of TE-1Mm cells was 0.948 +/- 0.019, significantly lower than that of TE-1 cell (1.000 +/- 0.022) and empty vector The fluorescence index of TE-1Mn cells (0.997 +/- 0.023) and TE-1 cells (1.000 +/- 0.022) were significant different from that of 0.948 +/- 0.019 in TE-1Mm cells and 1.076 +/- 0.022 in TE-1Mh cells, indicating a significant difference of mitochondrial apoptosis between the cell groups. FCM results indicated that the ROS fluorescence index of TE-1Mm cells was 0.859 +/- 0.040, that of TE-1Mh cells was 0.763 +/- 0.039, significantly lower than that of TE-1 cells (1.000 +/- 0. 042) and empty vector cells (1.002 +/- 0.047) (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSStably transfected cell lines with MnSOD expression have been successfully established. MnSOD overexpression shows bidirectional effect on the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Vectors ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Mitochondria ; pathology ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of mifepristone combined with oral or vaginal misoprostol for termination of pregnancy between 8 and 16 weeks of gestation. Methods This was a randomized, multi-center, open clinical trial. A total of 625 women at 8-16 weeks of gestation were randomized to receive 200 mg oral mifepristone followed by either oral misoprostol 400 μg every 3 hours or vaginal misoprostol 400μg every 6 hours for a maximum of 4 doses 36-48 hours later. There were 417 women in oral group with 198 at 8-9 weeks and 219 at 10-16 weeks, while 208 women in vaginal group with 99 at 8-9 weeks and 109 at 10-16 weeks. The outcome measures were the success abortion rate, induction to abortion interval, the amount of bleeding, reoccurrence of menstruation and adverse events. Results Abortion rate was significantly higher in vaginal group [98.1% (202/206)] than that in oral group [94.0%(390/415), P=0.023]; concerning termination of pregnancy at 8-9 weeks and 10-16 weeks respectively, there were no significant differences between oral and vaginal groups (P=0.156, P=0.073). The induction to abortion interval was no significant difference in oral and vaginal group in different gestational weeks ( P=0.238, P=0.273). The average induction to abortion interval was (4.1 ± 6.6) hours and (6.0 ± 4.5) hours respectively in terminating 8-9 weeks and 10-16 weeks of gestation. Concerning the amount of bleeding within 2 hours of placenta expulsion, there was significant difference between oral group [(63±46) ml] and vaginal group [(55 ± 45) ml] in terminating 8-9 weeks of gestation (P=0.047), while there was no significant difference between groups in terminating 10-16 weeks of gestation [oral group (76 ± 52) ml versus vaginal group (76 ± 61) ml, P=0.507]. The reoccurrence of menstruation was about 37 days in both oral and vaginal groups. Two cases of incomplete abortion were serious adverse events (SAE) relating to treatment. The common adverse events (AE) of nausea and vomiting were significantly higher in oral group [57.2% (239/417), 36.3% (151/417)] than those in vaginal group [45.4% (94/208), 26.1% (54/208); P=0.005, 0.011]. Conclusion Oral or vaginal misoprostol combined with mifepristone, is effective and safe for termination of pregnancy between 8 and 16 weeks of gestation.