The presence of D-amino acid in proteins is thought to be a result of racemization of L-amino acid,which may influence the space structure and the functions of proteins and the connection to the occurence of some diseases has been demonstrated.Recently,tremendous advancement in instrumental techniques has brought the rapid development to analytical methods and detecting techniques in the research on racemization of protein amino acid.The advances in the relationship between racemizadon of protein amino acid and diseases,the influence factors on racemization of protein amino acid and the analytical techniques are reviewed in this article,and the research directions of racemization of protein amino acid are also given.

Objective To elucidate the related risk factors for the cardiorenal syndrome(CRS),and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of CRS. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 269 patients with chronic heart failure. The subjects were divided into two groups in accordance with estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR):patient group(CRS group),eGRF<60 mL/(min ! 1.73 m2)and control group,eGRF≥60 mL/(min!1.73 m2). The patients'general information as well as the related clinical lab indices and accessory examination indi-ces were collected. The risk factors for chronic heart failure and renal insufficiency were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Re?sults The prevalence of chronic heart failure patients suffering from CRS was 26.39%. The single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,body weight,history of hypertension,and history of diabetes(all P<0.05). Compared to the control group,uric acid,cystatin C,serum urea nitrogen,brain natriuretic peptide,glycosylated hemoglobin,high-sensitivity C-reactive pro-tein,and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter in the CRS group were significantly higher;white blood cell count,hemoglobin,albumin,and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly lower(all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)between the two groups in regard to white blood cell count,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,troponin I,serum free triiodothyronine,serum free thyroxine,or thyroid stimulating hormone. Multivariate logis-tic regression analysis showed that older age,low body weight,history of hypertension,history of diabetes,hypoalbuminemia,superb sensitivity C-re-active protein levels,high uric acid,high cystatin C hyperlipidemia,and low ejection fraction were independently associated with the occurrence of CRS. Conclusion Older age,low body weight,history of hypertension,history of diabetes,hypoalbuminemia,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels,high uric acid,high cystatin C hyperlipidemia,and low ejection fraction are the high risk factors for CRS in heart failure patients and are inde-pendently associated with the occurrence of CRS. Early identification and control of these risk factors are important for the prevention and treatment of CRS.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a Meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy and adverse events profile of Mabs for LA HNSCC. METHOD: Several databases were searched, including CBM, PUBMED, EMBASE, and CENTRAL. Primary outcomes included overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes included serious adverse events, such as grade 3-4 skin reaction, dysphagia, mucositis, and nausea/vomiting. The results were expressed as relative ratio (RR) or hazard rate (HR) with their corresponding 95% CI. RESULT: The final analysis included 10 trials. The primary analyses indicated that Mabs did not improve ORR and PFS, except OS for locoregionally advanced (LA) HNSCC [ORR 1.21, 95% CI (0.97 - 1.49); PFS 0.87, 95% CI (0.75 - 1.01); OS 0.82, 95% CI (0.71 - 0.95)]. Analysis of adverse effects demonstrated that grade 3 - 4 skin reaction ERR 1.87, 95% CI (1.11 - 3.16)] was statistically significantly associated with Mabs except dysphagia ERR 0. 95, 95% CI (0.75 - 1.19)], Mucositis ERR 1.03, 95% CI (0.67 - 1.57)], and nausea/vomiting ERR 1.15, 95% CI (0.71 - 1.86)]. CONCLUSION Anti-EGFR Mabs may be satisfactory for improving OS of LA HNSCC. During the Mabs therapy, skin reaction should be much more monitored.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; ErbB Receptors ; immunology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Objective To establish a stable method for acute isolation of atrial myocytes in diabetic rats,so as to provide materials for electrophysio?logical study of diabetic rats. Methods Streptozotocin(STZ)was used to establish type I diabetic model. Atrial myocytes were isolated with modi?fied perfusion buffer by Langendorff perfusion. The atrial myocytes were morphologically observed with optical microscope and identified by morphol?ogy and immunofluorescence staining. The action potential was recorded by patch clamp technique. Results STZ can establish a stable type I dia?betic model. The modified perfusion method can yield calcium tolerant and spindle shaped atrial myocytes. Immunofluorescence indicated that atrial myocytes were positive for Kv1.5 which was expressed in atrial myocytes. The atrial myocytes obtained by this method were able to generate action po?tentials. Conclusion The modified perfusion method is suitable for acute isolation of atrial myocytes in rats with diabetes mellitus,which may help to study the electrophysiology of diabetic heart.

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution and drug sensitivity test of bacteria of patients on chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps. METHOD: The purulent discharges were collected from sinus of 175 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps during endoscopic sinus surgery. The results of germiculture and drug sensitivity test were analyzed. RESULT: From 175 specimens, 118 (67%) showed positive results in germiculture. Among them, 79 strains of gram positive bacteria and 39 strains of gram negative bacteria were detected. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most common pathogens in gram positive bacteria. The most common pathogens of gram negative bacteria were P. Aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae. The sensitive antibiotic on gram positive bacteria were amikacin, Daptomycin, Linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium, cefuroxime, respectively. The sensitive antibiotics on Gram negative bacteria were amikacin, Cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem, ceftazidime ceftazidime, aztreonam, levofloxacin, respectively. CONCLUSION Bacterial infection was common happened in the sinus cavity of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps. Gram positive bacteria were the main pathogenic bacteria and gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria have great differences in the sensitivity of antibiotics. For patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, the using of antibiotics should depend on the drug sensitivity test.
Bacterial Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nasal Polyps ; microbiology ; Rhinitis ; microbiology ; Sinusitis ; microbiology

Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons ; pathology ; physiology ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Red Nucleus ; pathology ; physiology

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of TCM combined with western medicine for advanced gastric cancer.Methods We retrieved literatures of randomized controlled clinical trials related (from January 1991 to June 2012) to the use of TCM combined with western medicine treatment for advanced gastric cancer and made meta-analysis including:the effectiveness,Kamofsky scores and publication bias.Results 44 papers (including 3088 AGC patients) were included.Meta analysis suggested a difference between the treatment group and the control group in effectiveness (Z＝ 6.12,P＜ 0.01),and K score (Z＝ 3.31,P＜0.01).The effectiveness of the reatment group and the control group are 97.8％ and 73.4％ respectively.Conclusion The combined treatment resulted in an improved quality of effectiveness and Kamofsky scores.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; complications ; diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: This paper highlights the therapeutic effect of tragus cartilage and temporalis fascia graft on repairing bone and skin defect in external auditory canal. METHOD: Forty-one surgical patients were recuited, including 39 cases of external auditory canal cholesteatoma and 2 cases of osteoma. External auditory canal bone wall and skin defect and mastoid air cells exposure were found during operation. We followed up these cases periodically (in 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year later respectively) after repairing the patients' external auditory canal bone wall and skin with tragus cartilage and temporalis fascia graft. RESULT: Twenty-nine cases healed perfectly while other 12 cases grew small granulation in 3 weeks. After shaving granulations and tamping Tela Iodoformum, wounds healed in the following week. The epithelization of the external auditory canal in our patients was complete after 3 months and no stenosis were found. Natural morphology of external auditory canal was maintained without mastoid air cells exposure after 6 months to 1 year of time. CONCLUSION It is not only convenient to acquire the tragus cartilage and temporalis fascia, but also easy to repair the defect of external auditory canal bone wall and skin. It can reconstruct the wall of external auditory canal, obliterate mastoid cells and perfectly maintain the normal form of external auditory canal via the cartilage.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cartilage ; surgery ; Child ; Ear Auricle ; surgery ; Ear Canal ; surgery ; Fasciotomy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Amyloid ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Plaque, Amyloid ; pathology ; Prolactin ; secretion ; Prolactinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism