Objective To retrieve and analyze the available evidence on prevention of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers and summarize the best available evidence.Methods We searched the BMJ best practice,Uptodata,Cochrane Library(2014),Joanna Briggs Institute Library,Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,National Guideline Clearinghouse,and complementally searched the PubMed,EM-base,CNKI and Centers for Disease Control to collect literatures including guideline,evidence summary,best practice information sheet,recommended practice and systematic review.Results Nine references were selected including a clinical decision support system,3 evidence summaries,2 recommended practices and 3 systematic review.Finally,7 items of best evidence were summarized,including:wearing double gloves,never recapping needles,using blunt-tip suture,using a neutral zone for passing sharp device,adopting the safety features of sharps,using sharp disposal containers,and continuous education for needlestick injuries.Conclusion Healthcare workers should regulate their behaviors of using sharp instruments during clinical practice and guarantee personal safety by consulting high level evidence.

Animals ; Cardiomegaly ; Constriction ; Heart ; Mice

OBJECTIVETo study the olfactory function in rats by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) and explore the regeneration of olfactory system from the imaging.

METHODSThirty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups. Twenty rats with bilateral nasal instillation of TritonX-100 were used as olfactory dysfunction model group (M group). The rats in this group received menthocamphorate stimulation. Ten rats with bilateral nasal instillation of sterile saline were used as olfactory normal group (N group), and were randomly divided into two groups:one group received menthocamphorate stimulation (N1 group), another group received odorless air (N2 group). The remaining five rats were used as the blank control (control group). All images were acquired with a 7.0 T micro-MR scanner. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in the olfactory bulb (OB) were measured by Image J.

RESULTSMEMRI could clearly show the normal olfactory pathway in rats. MEMRI displayed a reversible change during the stages of olfactory recovery after injury. For the olfactory dysfunction model group (M group), the total volume of rat olfactory bulb at the initial, the 10th day, the 20th day, the 30th day and the 60th day were (49.44 ± 0.81), (32.85 ± 0.79), (27.78 ± 1.07), (35.89 ± 1.04), (43.63 ± 1.13) mm(3) respectively. At the 20th day after olfactory injury, the SNR in the OB was the lowest for 9.78 ± 0.07, when at the 60th day, the SNR recovered to 30.68 ± 1.01, which increased to near normal (N1group, 33.08 ± 0.15; N2 group, 31.31 ± 1.12), the SNR had no significant difference among the three groups (F = 3.04, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe MEMRI is an objective method to detect the olfactory function, and the olfactory system has the regenerative property after injury.

Animals ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Manganese ; Olfactory Bulb ; Olfactory Pathways ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Smell

Objective:To summarize the clinical and imaging features of 10 patients with genetically diagnosed neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) to avoid clinical misdiagnosis and mismanagement of NIID.Methods:Ten patients with NIID, admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to March 2022, were chosen in our study. All patients were confirmed as having NIID by NOTCH2NLC gene assay. Their clinical data, gene detection results and skin pathological results were collected and anlyzed. Results:These patients aged from 57 to 84 years, including 8 females. The episodic symptoms as main symptoms were noted in 6 patients, including 3 patients with encephalopathy, 1 patient with TGA, 1 patient with stroke-like episode, and 1 patient with migraine-like symptoms. Chronic progressive symptoms as main symptoms were noted in 4 patients, including 3 patients with dementia and 1 patient with Parkinson's disease. There were characteristic linear hyper-intensities in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the corticomedullary junction predominantly in the frontal lobes. White matter lesions appeared in T2 Flair might have been noted years before lesions appeared in DWI, with wider ranges. All had GGC repeated expansion in NOTCH2NLC gene in non-coding area, with mutation number>60. Skin biopsy was performed in 6 patients, showing the formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies in different cells; and ubiquitin and P62 were found positive in immunohistochemical staining. Conclusions:NIID patients have large clinical heterogeneity; most patients have episodic symptoms as main manifestations, often accompanied by chronic progressive symptoms; stroke attack and migraine are rare clinical phenotypes of NIID. The high signal at the cortical medullary junction in DWI is a characteristic imaging change.

Objective To study the impact of splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization on the nutritional status of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Methods Sixty consecutive patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension who underwent splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization at the Beijing YouAn Hospital from April 5,2015 to January 23,2017 were included in this study.The body mass index (BMI),albumin (Alb),prealbumin (PA) and lymphocyte counts were prospectively collected at the end of 1-week,1-month,3-month,6-month and 1-year after surgery.The postoperative results were compared with the preoperative results in these patients.Results The BMI results obtained at 1-week and 1-month after surgery were significantly lower than the preoperative level [(22.14 ± 3.08)kg/m2 vs.(22.85 ± 3.14) kg/m2,(21.72 ± 3.05) kg/m2 vs.(22.86 ± 3.16) kg/m2,P ＜ 0.05].The BMI result at the end of 1-year after surgery was significantly elevated when compared with the preoperative level [(23.24 ± 3.64) kg/m2 vs.(22.68 ± 3.47) kg/m2,P ＜ 0.05].The ALB levels at 1-month and 3-month after surgery were significantly higher than the preoperative level [(39.87 ± 4.22)g/L vs.(35.35 ±5.15) g/L,(39.35 ± 4.75) g/L vs.(34.82 ± 5.50) g/L,P ＜ 0.05].The PA obtained at 1-week after surgery was significantly lower than the preoperative levels [(79.59 26.52)mg/L vs.(121.77 ±39.96)mg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The lymphocyte counts at all the points after surgery were significantly higher than the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Short term and long term nutritional status improved in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension after splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of self-prescribed Guchong Decoction combined with Ferroids for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)patients with unconsolidation of thoroughfare and conception vessels. Methods A total of 70 IDA patients with unconsolidation of thoroughfare and conception vessels were randomized into treatment group and control group,35 cases in each group. The control group was given oral use of Ferroids, and the treatment group was treated with self-prescribed Guchong Decoction combined with Ferroids. One month constituted a treatment course,and both groups were treated for 2 courses. Before and after treatment,we compared the parameters of blood routine test for red blood cells(RBC),hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC),white blood cells(WBC)and platelets,as well as reticulocytes(Ret)and iron metabolism indexes including serum iron(SI),serum ferritin(SF),and total iron-binding capacity(TIBC). The adverse reaction was monitored during the treatment. After treatment,both western medicine clinical efficacy and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)syndrome clinical efficacy of the two groups were evaluated. A 3-month follow-up was carried out after treatment to evaluate the recurrence rate. Results(1)Drop-out occurred in one case from the treatment group and in 2 cases from the control group because of short-term medication suspension.(2)After treatment for 2 months, western medicine clinical cure rate of the treatment group was 82.4％ and that of the control group was 60.6％, and TCM syndrome clinical cure rate of the treatment group was 94.1％ and that of the control group was 51.5％,the difference being significant(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).(3)The levels of RBC,HGB,Ret, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and WBC of the two groups were obviously increased after treatment (P < 0.01), and PLT level was markedly decreased (P < 0.01)as compared with those before treatment,but the inter-group differences after treatment were insignificant (P > 0.05). (4)After treatment,iron metabolism indexes of SF and SI of the two groups were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and TIBC of the treatment group was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The treatment group had stronger effect on increasing SF and SI and on decreasing TIBC than the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (5)The incidence of adverse reaction and the recurrence rate in the treatment group were lower than those of the control group,the difference being significant (P< 0.01). Conclusion Guchong Decoction combined with Ferroids is effective for the treatment of IDA with unconsolidation of thoroughfare and conception vessels through relieving symptoms rapidly, reducing gastrointestinal adverse reaction,and decreasing recurrent rate.

Objective To explore the expression of eukaryocyte initiation factors-4E (eIF-4E) in normal esophageal epithelium and different esophageal lesions tissue and its relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Methods Thirty normal esophageal incisal margin tissues,32 atypical hyperplasia tissues,20 carcinoma in situ tissues and 117 esophageal invasive carcinoma tissues were selected from the biopsy specimens of the Department of Pathology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from March 2014 to March 2016.The expression of eIF-4E and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemistry method and the correlation between them was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of eIF-4E in normal esophageal epithelium,atypical hyperplasia,carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma tissues was 0.0％ (0/ 30),9.4％ (3/32),45.0％ (9/20) and 80.3％ (94/117) respectively.There was no statistic difference in the positive expression rate of eIF-4E in normal esophageal epithelium and atypical hyperplasia tissues (P ＞ 0.05);there was statistic difference in the positive expression rate of eIF-4E in the other esophageal tissues(P ＜ 0.05).In 117 invasive carcinoma tissues,the positive expression rate of eIF-4E in metastatic carcinoma tissues (93.2％,55/59) was significantly higher than that in the non metastatic carcinoma tissues (67.2％,39/58) (P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of eIF-4E in esophageal carcinoma tissues which invaded into shallow muscle layer,deep muscular layer and adventitia was 70.0％ (28/40),73.8％ (31/42) and 100.0％ (35/ 35) respectively;there was no statistic difference in positive expression rate of eIF-4E in the carcinoma tissues which invaded into shallow muscle layer and deep muscular layer(P ＞ 0.05);the positive expression rate of eIF-4E in the carcinoma tissues which invaded into shallow muscle layer and deep muscular layer was significantly lower than that in the carcinoma tissues which invaded into adventitia(P ＜0.01).The expression of eIF-4E in the esophageal invasive carcinoma tissues was positive VEGF(x2 =51.460,P ＜ O.05).Conclusion eIF-4E play an important role in the canceration of normal esophageal and the invasion,metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.The expression of eIF-4E is correlate with VEGF in esophageal carcinoma tissues.

Based on the analysis of price fluctuations on Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, this paper takes advantage of the price data of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma which specification is 120 from January 2004 to August 2015, using autoregressive integrated moving average model [ARIMA (p, d, q)] forecasting the price of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma from September 2015 to August 2016. In the process of determining the form of model, the stability test used to determine the model of p, and the autocorrelation function and particles autocorrelation functions to identify the p and q of model. According to test the model, the forecast minimum error model was identified. In this paper, ARIMA (2,1,3) model was used to predict next year's price of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, for providing information for Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma growers, pharmaceutical companies.

The three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of benefit sarising from the utilization of genetic resources.The Nagoya Protocol significantly advances the CBD's third objective by providing a strong basis for greater legal certainty and transparency for both providers and users of genetic resources.In June 2016, the Chinese government approved the accession to the Nagoya Protocol. The implementation of the Nagoya Protocol is bound to greatly influence the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as its development relies on medical biological genetic resources.Both the protection and access of medical biological genetic resources and its related traditional knowledge and the introduction, breeding, biosynthesis and the extraction and modification of effective components of medicinal organism are with the prescribed scope of the Nagoya Protocol. In this study, we simply introduce the background and main contents of the Nagoya Protocol in first. We then explore the relationship between the Nagoya Protocol and the TCM.We also analyze the positive effects on the TCM for China to be one of the parties of the Nagoya Protocol and finally make some proposals for better implementation of the Nagoya Protocol.This study has certain reference significance to the resource economy and management of TCM.
Biodiversity ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards

Ex-situ conservation is an important means to protect biological genetic resources. Resource protection has received more and more attention with the continuous improvement of the comprehensive utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources. In this paper, the research and compilation of the species list of ex-situ cultivated medicinal plants in 12 Chinese Academy of Sciences botanic gardens and 19 specialized medicinal botanic gardens in China were carried out. Based on the Species 2000(2017) and other classification databases, species diversity of medicinal plants ex-situ cultivated in these botanical gardens were analyzed. The study found that there were 16 351 higher plant species in our country, belonging to 276 families and 1 936 genera. Of these, 6 949 specieswere medicinal plants, accounting for 50.4% of the total medicinal plants. There were 1 280 medicinal plants were in threatened status, accounting for 19.6% of all threatened species in the Chinese Biodiversity Red List, with ex-situ cultivated proportion of 59.5%. And 3 988 medicinal plants were Chinese endemic species, accounting for 22.5% of all Chinese endemic species, with ex-situ cultivated proportion of 53.3%. This article has reference significance for the management and protection of medicinal plant resources.