Emotion recognition will be prosperious in multifarious applications, like distance education, healthcare, and human-computer interactions, etc. Emotions can be recognized from the behavior signals such as speech, facial expressions, gestures or the physiological signals such as electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram. Contrast to other methods, the physiological signals based emotion recognition can achieve more objective and effective results because it is almost impossible to be disguised. This paper introduces recent advancements in emotion research using physiological signals, specified to its emotion model, elicitation stimuli, feature extraction and classification methods. Finally the paper also discusses some research challenges and future developments.
Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Emotions ; physiology ; Facial Expression ; Gestures ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical

Objective To understand the status of health knowledge and behaviors on clonorchiasis sinensis of urban resi-dents in Yanqing District of Beijing City,China,so as to provide the targeted suggestions for further health education. Meth-ods The communities/streets were selected as the investigation sites by using the stratified randomly sampling method. A total of 283 residents were randomly selected and investigated with the structural questionnaire designed by Beijing Center for Dis-ease Control and Prevention. The fecal samples were collected and the eggs of Clonorchis sinensis were detected with Kato-Katz technique. Results All of the questionnaires were valid. The awareness rate about clonorchiasis was 25.09％. The rates of know-ing clonorchiasis infection route,harm and prevention measures were 10.60％,9.89％and 10.60％respectively. Totally 7.07％of the residents had the habits of eating raw or undercooked fresh water fish,and 2.47％of the residents had the behavior of eat-ing sashimi. C. sinensis eggs were not found among the research objects. Conclusions The awareness rate about clonorchiasis is low among urban residents in Yanqing District. The focus of the future work is to extensively carry out the health education about clonorchiasis prevention and control and take relevant interventions.

Objective: To construct a recombinant adenovirus expression vector of the SD rat Lys184del mutant cardiac troponin I gene(cTnI Lys184del).Methods: The Lys184del mutant cardiac troponin I gene of SD rat was induced by PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis,the amplified fragment containing the mutation was then inserted into the cloning vector pMD18-T.After the addition of a sequence encoding a 6?His tag at the C-terminus by PCR,the coding region of cTnI Lys184del was subcloned into Adeno-X viral DNA to form a recombinant adenoviral plasmid,which was packed into infectious recombinant adenoviral particles(Ad-cTnI Lys184del) by transfecting HEK293 cells.Results: The DNA sequence of Ad-cTnI Lys184del was proved to be correct by PCR and sequencing,and its expression was identified by Western blot analysis.Conclusion: The successfully constructed recombinant adenovirus Ad-cTnI Lys184del has provided valuable data for further researches on its functional characteristics.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with subanesthetic dose of ketamine on the emergence agitation in the patients undergoing thoracotomy.Methods Eighty ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients,aged 55-75 yr,weighing 50-75 kg,scheduled for elective esophageal cancer resection,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:normal saline group (NS group),dexmedetomidine group (group D),subanesthetic dose of ketamine group (group K),and dexmedetomidine combined with ketamine group (group DK).In DK and K groups,ketamine 0.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously (within 1 min) at 10 min before the end of the operation.In DK and D groups,dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10 min starting from 10 min before the end of operation.In group NS,the equal volume of normal saline was infused intravenously over 10 min starting from l0 min before the end of operation.The emergence time,extubation time,duration of ICU stay,occurrence and degree of agitation,and development of cardiovascular events and hypoxemia within 24 h after operation were recorded.Ramsay sedation scores were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T1),immediately after completion of administration at the end of surgery (T2),and at 0,5,10 and 30 min after extubation (T3-6).Results There was no significant difference in the emergence time,extubation time,and duration of ICU stay between the four groups.Compared with group NS,Ramsay sedation scores were significantly increased at T3-6,the incidence and degree of agitation were decreased,and the incidence of cardiovascular events and hyoxemia was decreased in D,K and DK groups.Compared with D or K group,Ramsay sedation scores were significantly increased at T3-6,the incidence and degree of agitation were decreased,and the incidence of cardiovascular events and hyoxemia was decreased in group DK.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with subanesthetic dose of ketamine can prevent the emergence agitation in the patients undergoing thoracotomy,which provides better efficacy than either alone.

Objective To investigate the synergistic effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid(9-cis-RA) and 8-cl-cAMP on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in H460 and H292 cell lines of non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods Experimental groups included 9-cis-RA groups(1,5,10 and 20 ?mol/L),8-cl-cAMP groups(5,10,20 and 50 ?mol/L),9-cis-RA(5 and 10 ?mol/L) combined with 8-cl-cAMP(10 ?mol/L) groups and blank control group.The cell growth inhibition rates were detected by trypan blue staining,and the apoptosis of H460 and H292 cells were observed by Hoechst33258 fluorescence microscope,DNA gel electrophoresis and flow cytometer(FCM). Results 9-cis-RA inhibited the growth of H460 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner,and induced the apoptosis of H460 cells(P

Objective To evaluate the effects of sub anesthetic dose of ketamine combined with sufentanil on postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA)in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal cancer.Methods Ninety patients,ASAⅠorⅡ,aged 55-75 years old,se-lected for radical resection of esophageal cancer were randomly divided into three groups:group S1,group S2,group SK,30 patients in each group were treated with PCIA.Group S1,2 μg/kg sufentanyl;group S2,2.5 μg/kg sufentanyl;group SK 2 μg/kg sufentanyl+90 μg·kg-1·h-1 ketamine.6 mg of granisetron was added to each group,and then diluted into 100 ml of normal saline.All patients were administered load-ing doses of 5 ml analgesics 30 min before the end of the operation.The VAS score,Ramsay sedation score, SBP,DBP,HR,SpO2 and adverse effects were recorded respectively at 4,8,24 and 48 hours after opera-tion.The total times of pressing PCIA were also recorded in 48 h after operation.Results There was no statistically significant difference in Ramsay sedation score,SBP,DBP,HR and SpO2 at 4,8,24,48 hours after operation in the three groups.Compared with group S1,the VAS score and total number of pressing PCIA times in groups SK and S2 were significantly lower in 48 h after operation (P <0.05).Compared with group S2,VAS score and the total number of pressing PCIA times in group SK were significantly de-creased in 48 h after operation (P <0.05).Two patients from group SK occurred respiratory depression 48 h after operation.There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of adverse effects in the three groups.Conclusion Sub anesthetic dose of ketamine combined with sufentanil on PCIA can reduce postoper-ative sufentanil consumption and significantly relieve the postoperative pain in patients undergoing radical re-section of esophageal cancer.The analgesic effect is better than using sufentanil alone.

This study was aimed to compare the activation of daidzein and puerarin on antioxidation, NO and NOS suppression in vitro . The RAW264 . 7 cell line was used to prepare radical reaction model induced by LPS (1 μg/mL). MTT method was adopted to detect cytotoxicity of daidzein and puerarin. The DCFH-DA probe and confocal microscopy were used to examine the antioxidant ability of daidzein and puerarin. Griess reagent was adopted to test the NO level in the culture medium. And chemical colorimetry was used to detect the content in RAW264.6 cells. The results showed that daidzein and puerarin can significantly suppress the NO and T-NOS expression in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. It was concluded that there was no difference on the activation of antioxidant free radical between daidzein and puerarin . In this regard , daidzein can be the used as substitutes of puerarin .

Objective To research the protective effects of totalPanax Japonicus extract on learning memory, antioxidation, and anti-apoptosis of aging mice,and explore the mechanism. Methods Male mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Vitamin E (VE) group, Panax Japonicus extract low and high dose group. Except for the normal group, the other groups were injected withD-gal on the back of the neck subcutaneously to establish aging model. Normal group and model group were given a gavage with saline and each treatment group was given a gavage with totalPanax Japonicus extract and VE once a day for 7 weeks after the aging model established. All mice were be measured their learning and memory ability in the eighth week. After the test, the morphological changes of CA1 neurons were observed by HE stain. SOD, GSH-Px, MDA levels in brain tissue were measured by biochemical method, the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR.Results Mice inPanax Japonicus extract low and high dose group could spend less time in searching for the platform, improve the learning and memory ability. TotalPanax Japonicus extract increased the activity of SOD and GSH-Px, while decreased the content of MDA. In addition, it could increase the expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA and reduce the expression level of Bax mRNA as well.Conclusion TotalPanax Japonicus extract has anti-aging effect.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Xiaoshui Decoction (XSD) in treating ascites in patients suffered from primary liver cancer of Pi-deficiency with damp harassment syndrome (PDDHS) as well as to study the effect through the experiment in mice.

METHODSSixty-one patients confirmed to be primary liver cancer of PDDHS and accompanied with ascites were randomly divided into the treated group (n=33) and the control group (n=28). The treated group was treated by XSD combined with chemotherapy by locally applying of DDP via abdominal infusion, while the control group treated by DDP infusion alone. The treatment lasted for two months. The conditions of ascites, quality of life (QOL), survival period, and TCM syndrome after treatment were observed. In the experimental study, the mice models of ascites were grouped and treated to observe the conditions of ascites and their survival period.

RESULTSThe short-term total effective rate of the treated group and the control group was 42.4% and 21.4%, the interval of aspirating ascites after treatment was 17.95 +/- 9.63 days and 10.87 +/- 7.76 days, and the 1-year survival rate 33.3% and 14.3%, respectively, significant difference was shown between the two groups in the three parameters (all P < 0.05 ). QOL was improved in both groups with insignificant difference (P > 0.05). Besides, the main symptoms were improved in patients of both groups, especially in the ameliorating of fatigue, abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting. Evaluation on safety of treatment showed that XSD had no obvious toxic and adverse reaction, and so it was safe in use. Experimental study showed that on the two mice models of ascites induced by inoculating two kinds of tumor cell, the effect of XSD was superior to that of the control group in aspects of reducing ascites and prolonging survival period, showing significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSatisfactory short-term efficacy in treating primary liver cancer with ascites of the Pi-deficiency with damp harassment syndrome could be obtained by XSD. Its effect in prolonging survival period was confirmed by experimental study. XSD can also improve the symptoms and QOL of patients, therefore, it is an effective and reliable remedy for treatment of primary liver cancer with ascites.

Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Ascites ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; complications ; drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Single-Blind Method ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo study the intercellular communication of alveolar bone during traumatic occlusion at early stage in rats.

METHODSThe occlusal surface of the upper left first molar of rat was raised by placing a stainless steel wire to induce occlusal trauma in the lower left first molar. After 24 hours, the alveolar bone tissues of the lower jaws first molars at the both sides were taken out under anesthesia The various 27 000 genes were identified with genome-wide microarray, and further were investigated with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Pathway analysis.

RESULTSTotal 586 gene were found to be changed, 106 different signal pathways got involved with Pathway analysis, including cell adhesion molecules(CAMS), adhesions junction, gap junction, focal adhesion and tight junction, and the cytokines associated with bone metabolism in above 5 signal pathways were all down-regulated.

CONCLUSIONAt the early phase of the occlusal trauma, intercellular communication in rat's alveolar bone were inhibited.

Alveolar Process ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Dental Occlusion ; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic ; Molar ; Rats