In the present study, the effect of serum (fetal bovine serum, FBS) on cellular uptake behaviors of DNA tetrahedron (TDNs) was investigated.Fluorescence-labeled TDNs were synthesized by self-assembly and purified with HPLC to achieve TDNs product with purity of 95%.By means of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, the kinetics of TDNs endocytosis in HeLa cells in the presence or absence of FBS was compared.The results showed that TDNs remained intact in complete medium and cell lysate for more than 12 hours.FBS increased the amount of internalized TDNs in HeLa cells, whereas it did not change the route of caveolin-dependent endocytosis.Herein, our study provided a new insight into the effects of biomolecules on the interaction between cells and DNA nanostructures, which helped the future development of DNA-based intracellular nanocarriers.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of normal sacral nerve root transposition in repair of the sacral plexus root avulsion. Methods A total of 30 adult SD rats were chosen and divided into three groups,ie,group A(the sciatic nerve received no repair),group B(the autologous sacral plexus root nerve was bridged with the right L6 nerve root by the translocation of the left L6)and group C (the right L5 nerve root nerve was bridged by the translocation of the left L6),10 rats per group.The left side of the rats was used as the control side and the right one as the experimental side.Twelve weeks after operation,the rats in each group were selected for the histomorphological observation of the nerves under the microscope and the electron microscope.The models were evaluated by observing the survival rates of the rats,BBB scores,electron microscope weight and muscle fiber CSA(cross section area)of double biceps femoris,triceps surae and tibial muscle. Results Twelve weeks after operation,the BBB scores in groups B and C was higher than that in group A,with statistical difference(P<0.01)between three groups.A remarkable improvement was found in the ratio of weight and muscle fiber CSA of double biceps femoris,triceps surse and tibial muscle.The repair efficiency in the group C was better than that in the group B.In the group B,the biceps femoris,triceps surae and tibial muscle recovered at different degrees.The biceps femoris recovered the best,when a great deal of myelinated nerve fiber regeneration was observed under the microscope and the electromicroscope.Electromyography revealed the volatility in the muscles of three groups,with larger peak value for the proximal biceps femoris and the triceps muscle but smaller peak value for the distal anterior tibial muscle. Conclusions L6 transposition combined with auto-graft of nerve root or without the auto-graft can reconstruct the partial function of the sciatic nerve in the paraplegia rats,when the latter has the better effect.

Objective To investigate the morbidity and characteristic of nosocomial infections in end stage renal disease(ESRD) patients undergoing blood purification.Methods Medical records of ESRD patients undergoing blood purification from 2004 to 2005 were enrolled in this retrospective study of hospitalized cases.The clinical data of nosocomial infections in hemodialysis (HD)and peritoneal dialysis(PD)patients were analyzed separately.Results Nosocomial infection was identified in 76 of the 400 enrolled patients.In HD patients,pulmonary infection was the most common nosocomial infection(53.3%),most due to gram-negative microorganisms,followed by bloodstream(16.7%)and urinary tract infection(15%),most of both were due to gram-positive bacteria.Pulmonary infection was usually complicated.Bloodstream infection was associated with the duration of placement of central vein catheters.Asymptomatic bacteriuria accounted for most of the urinary tract infection.In PD patients, most infections were pulmonary infection(65.5%),mainly caused by fungal pathogens,followed by peritonitis(20.7%), mainly due to gram-positive bacteria.Certain proportion of infections in both groups was caused by multiple microorganisms or identified in multiple sites.Conclusions The prevalence of nosocomial infection is high in hospitalized patients undergoing blood purification.The infection is complicated in terms of pathogen and clinical picture.Pulmonary infection is the most common in- fection.The prevalence of fungal infection is increasing.Effective prevention and therapeutic measures should be applied more vigorously in ESRD patients.

Objective To explore the significance of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in serum of children with hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods 142 children including 71 children with HUA (HUA group) and 71 control children (control group), healthy and inguinal hernia children were selected as control group. 71 HUA children were subdivided into GA (gout attacks) group (n=28) and NGA (non-gout attacks) group (n=43) according to whether they had a history of acute gout attacks, including sudden monoarthritis of rapid onset with intense pain and swelling or without. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in serum. Results Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of HUA children were significantly higher than those of control group (all P<0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of HUA children in GA group were significantly higher than those of NGA group (P<0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of GA group in acute phase was significantly higher than those of HUA children in remission stage、NGA group and control group (P<0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of GA group in remission stage and NGA group was significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between HUA children in remission stage and NGA group (P>0.05). The serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of HUA children were positively correlated with WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, uric acid, ESR, CRP, BUN and Cr (all P<0.05), while not correlated with triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C(all P<0.05). Conclusion IL-1β and IL-6 play an important role in the pathogenesis of HUA in children.

Objective To explore the correlation between the distribution of uric acid (UA) level and the biochemical indicators which reflect the degree of organ lesions among hospitalized children.Methods Patients who were hospitalized to the Department of Pediatrics and received the blood UA test from June 2012 to October 2013 were included,23 217 cases in total.The biochemical analyzer-Japan's Olympus AU 2700 was used to detect blood biochemistry; and uricase-peroxidase coupling method was used to detect blood UA.Among these patients,2 099 cases whose UA level exceeded the normal level.Then the patients' gender,age,primary diagnosis and UA level were recorded; and the distribution of their UA level was described.The Chi-square or Fisher test was used to assess the incidence rate.At the same time,each blood biochemical indicators of the patients with high UA level were recorded ; and the relationships between the blood UA of the 1 650 patients with complete records and each blood biochemical indicator were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis.Results The incidence rate of hyperuricemia among the hospitalized children was 9.04％(2 099/23 217).In particular,the incidence rate among boys and girls was 6.5t％(890/13 657) and 12.65％ (1 209/9 560) respectively (x2 =256.9,P＜0.05).The incidence rate of hyperuricemiin different diseases was as follows:in the critical illness 36.93％ (113/306),neonatal disease 20.34％ (922/4 533),urinary system diseases 12.08％ (47/389),circulatory system diseases 11.67％ (21/180),nervous system diseases 11.05％(112/1 014),digestive diseases 10.50％(190/1 810),infectious diseases 10.18％(120/1 179),blood diseases 7.58％ (55/726),endocrine system diseases 5.74％ (17/296),autoimmune diseases 4.24％ (48/1 131),respiratory diseases 3.90％ (454/11 653) respectively (x2=1423.0,P＜0.05).The incidence of hyperuricemia at younger than one month was 18.31％(929/5 075),younger than one year old was 4.22％ (359/8 501),younger than six years old was 10.68％(600/5 618),younger than 15 years old was 5.24％ (211/4 023) respectively (x2=858.5,P＜0.05).Blood UA was positively correlated to urea nitrogen,creatinine,lacticdehydrogenase,α-hydroxy-butyrate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB (r=0.426,0.44,0.324,0.367,0.413,0.431,P＜0.05).Blood UA was not correlated to fructosamine,blood glucose,triglycerides,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein.Conclusion The incidence of hyper-uricemia among hospitalized children is high; and the incidence among children with severe diseases and newborn babies is high; followed by in children with urinary system and circulatory system diseases.The blood UA level is closely related to the blood biochemical indicators which reflect the lesions of heart and kidney.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of Legacy pedicle screw system plus minimally invasive technique in treatment of Tile type C pelvic fracture and evaluate its therapeutic effects.MethodsFrom January 2008 to March 2010, 12 patients with closed Tile type C pelvic fractures were treated with Legacy pedicle screw system plus minimally invasive technique.There were seven males and five females, at age range of 21-60 years (average 39.6 years).All patients had sacrum fractures of the posterior pelvic rings.The anterior pelvic ring fractures included unilateral ischiadic ramus fractures in four patients and bilateral ischiadic ramus fractures in eight.Three patients were combined with shock.The anterior pelvic rings were fixed with minimally invasive reconstruction plates and the posterior pelvic rings fixed with minimally invasive technique plus Legacy pedicle screw system.ResultsThe operation lasted for average 90 minutes (range, 80-110 minutes) , with average intraoperative blood loss of 105 ml (range, 80-150 ml).All patients were followed up for average 18 months (range, 6-32 months), which showed that all patients got satisfactory reductions and that the fractures were healed at one stage, with average period of 11.5 weeks (range, 9-13 weeks).There occurred no infections, failures of internal fixations or nerve injuries.According to improved Lindahl standard of pelvic injury function assessment, the result was excellent in 10 patients and good in two, with average score of 78.6 points.Conclusions Under master of the surgical indications, Legacy pedicle screw system plus minimally invasive technique takes advantages of minor trauma, less intraoperative fluoroscopy, short operation time, good curative resuhs and few complications in treatment of Tile type C pelvic fractures by fixation of the posterior pelvic rings and reconstruction of the anterior pelvic rings.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of electric acupuncture (EA) on the Nogo receptors (NgR) protein expression in the cerebral cortex, the medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats (RHRSP) with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) at different time points, and to investigate its possible mechanisms for remote-organ injury of acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

METHODSThe RHRSP model was duplicated in male SPF grade SD rats. Then the MCAO model was prepared by a thread stringing method. Rats were divided into the hypertension group,the sham-operation group, the MCAO group, the EA group, and the sham-acupoint group by random number table method, 60 in each group. Rats in the MCAO group only received MCAO reperfusion treatment. Those in the sham-operation group only received surgical trauma. Baihui (DU20) and Dazhui (DU14) were needled in the EA group, once daily for a total of 28 days.The needles were acupunctured at the skin one cun distant from Baihui (DU20) and Dazhui (DU14) and then the same EA treatment was performed in the sham-acupoint group. At day 1, 7, 14, 28 after treatment, six rats were executed from each group, and their right cortex and medulla oblongata, and the left spinal cord were isolated. The infarct volume was detected by Nissl's staining method. The NgR expression was detect by Western blot.

RESULTS(1) In the cortex area: compared with the hypertension group,the NgR expression increased in the MCAO group at day 1,7,14,and 28 after MCAO (P < 0.05). Compared with the MCAO group, the NgR expression of the EA group and the sham-acupoint group were equivalent at 1 day af ter MCAO (P > 0.05). At day 7, 14,and 28 after MCAO, the NgR expression decreased in the EA group (P < 0.05), it was quite similar to that in the sham-acupoint group (P > 0.05). (2) In the medulla oblongata area: compared with the hypertension group, the NgR expression was equivalent in the sham-operation group. the MCAO group,the EA group, and the sham-acupoint group at 1 day after MCAO (P > 0.05). At day 7.14, and 28 after MCAO, the NgR expression increased in the MCAO group (P < 0.05). Compared with the MCAO group,the NgR expression decreased in the EA group at day 7, 14, and 28 after MCAO (P < 0.05), whereas it was similar in the sham-acupoint group (P > 0.05). (3) In the spinal cord area: compared with the hypertension group, the NgR expression was equivalent in the sham-operation group, the MCAO group,the EA group, and the sham-acupoint group at day 1 and 7 after MCAO (P > 0.05). At day 14 and 28 after MCAO, the NgR expression increased in the MCAO group (P < 0.05). Compared with the MCAO group, the NgR expression decreased in the EA group at day 14 and 28 after MCAO (P < 0.05), whereas it was equivalent in the sham-acupoint group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIncreased NgR expression in the cerebral cortex, the medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord of cerebral infarct rats was an important reason for involving remote-organ injury of ACI. The protective effect of EA on hypertensive I/R cerebral injury rats might be closely related to down-regulating central nervous system myelin growth inhibition mediated factors Nogo-A receptor NgR protein expression.

Animals ; Cerebral Infarction ; metabolism ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroacupuncture ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Renal ; metabolism ; therapy ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; metabolism ; Myelin Proteins ; metabolism ; Nogo Receptor 1 ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the role of cAMP in repair of hemisection of spinal cord in rats models.

METHODSRats models of spinal cord hemisection were made and cAMP were injected once in the motor cortex or continuously input in the lesion area or in the subarachnoid cistern for 3 d. NFs, GFAP, CSTs and spinal axons in the lesion areas were observed by immunohistochemistry and hind limb movements were evaluated in BBB scales.

RESULTSMany regenerated axons were presented in the lesion areas in cAMP groups though no continuous long regenerated axons traversed the lesion area when cAMP was input in the motor cortex or in the local lesion area. In control group, no regenerated axon were presented in the lesion areas. When cAMP was input in the subarachnoid cistern, only few-labelled CST axon survived and presented in the lesion area comparing no labelled CST axon presented in the lesion area. More NFs and less GFAP were distributed and extended in the lesion area in the cAMP groups. All the rats restored to normally walk 4-5 weeks after operations and no significance existed between cAMP groups and control groups comparing the BBB scales of hind limb movements.

CONCLUSIONcAMP injected in the brain cortex or continuously input in the lesion area can induce the axonal regeneration.

Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP ; administration & dosage ; physiology ; Hindlimb ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nerve Regeneration ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

It is one of the necessary work in oil and gas exploration and development to record the logging of different depth cuttings.In this study, a laser induced breakdown spectrometer ( LIBS-Trace) developed by our research group was used for the lithology logging in the field of oil and gas exploration and development.A total of 60 samples from a drilling site in the Southwest China were divided into training set and test set, and then element quantitative analysis model of eight elements of Si, Al, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Ti and Fe was established based on support vector machine regression ( SVR).The results showed that the mean percentage prediction errors (MPE) predicted by this method were Si 5.68%, Al 7.22%, Ca 7.45%, K 9.76%, Mg 8.79%, Mn 11.9%, Ti 11.4% and Fe 10.4%, which met the requirements of logging work.In addition, according to the logging process and demand, the instrument hardware and software were modified, and the quantitative model integrated in the instrument was optimiZed.The results showed that the algorithm model combined with the instrument could quickly complete the quantitative analysis of rock debris samples, and exhibited potential application value and broad application prospect in oil and gas exploration and development.

Objective:To investigate whether increased levels of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA199 were associated with the mortality of patients with advanced colorectal cancer and to determine whether CA199 can be used to discriminate patients with normal preoperative CEA level from good to poor prognosis. Methods:A total of 314 patients with advanced colorectal cancer cases who underwent primary tumor resection were collected from 2014 to 2016 at Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute. Preoperative CEA and CA199 serum levels were examined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The association of CEA and CA199 with clinicopathologic features and their possible prognostic values were analyzed. Results:In the tested patients, 5.4%of whom had increased CA199 level but not up-regulated CEA level, whereas 28.3%only had increased CEA level, and 21.3%had both CEA and CA199 levels increased. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that patients with elevated preoperative CEA level had worse disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with normal CEA (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Meanwhile, patients with elevated CA199 level had worse DFS and OS than those with normal CA199 (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Preoperative CA199 level could be used in discriminating patients with normal CEA from good to poor prognosis (P=0.012). Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated CA199 level was an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (HR=2.025, 95%CI=1.331-3.082, P=0.001). Conclusion:Combined detection of preoperative CEA and CA199 can be used in evaluating the prognosis of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Preoperative serum CA199 level can be used in evaluating the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer without an increase in CEA level. Patients with increased CA199 level had worse 5-year survival than those with increased CEA level.