OBJECTIVE: In Pakistan, traditional medicines are an important component of the medical system, with numerous varieties and great demands. However, due to the scattered resources and the lack of systematic collection and collation, adulteration of traditional Pakistani medicine (TPM) is common, which severely affects the safety of their medicinal use and the import and export trades. Therefore, it is urgent to systematically organize and unify the management of TPM and establish a set of standards and operable methods for the identification of TPM. METHODS: We collected and organized the information on 128 TPMs with regard to their medicinal parts, efficacy, usage, and genetic material, based on Pakistan Hamdard Pharmacopoeia of Eastern Medicine: Pharmaceutical Codex. The genetic information of TPM is summarized from national center for biotechnology information (NCBI) and global pharmacopoeia genome database (GPGD). Furthermore, we utilized bioinformatics technology to supplement the chloroplast genome (cp-genome) data of 12 TPMs. To build the web server, we used the Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP (LAMP) system and constructed the webpage on a PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) model view controller (MVC) framework. RESULTS: We constructed a new genomic database, the traditional Pakistani medicine genomic database (TPMGD). This database comprises five entries, namely homepage, medicinal species, species identification, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), and download. Currently, TPMGD contains basic profiles of 128 TPMs and genetic information of 102 TPMs, including 140 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and 119 mitochondrial genome sequences from Bombyx mori, 1 396 internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences and 1 074 intergenic region (psbA-trnH) sequences specific to 92 and 83 plant species, respectively. Additionally, TPMGD includes 199 cp-genome sequences of 82 TPMs. CONCLUSION TPMGD is a multifunctional database that integrates species description, functional information inquiry, genetic information storage, molecular identification of TPM, etc. The database not only provides convenience for TPM information queries but also establishes the scientific basis for the medication safety, species identification, and resource protection of TPM.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Objective To investigate the treatment of female bladder neck obstruction by 1470nm laser transurethral modified enlarged female bladder neck obstruction(FBNO).Methods The clinical data of 34 patients with FBNO from January 2019 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patient underwent a 1470nm laser transurethral modified enlarged bladder neck incision.The 1470nm laser was used to vaporise the bladder neck at 12 o'clock(lithotomy),and the incision site was expanded along the bladder neck to 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock to form a semi-circular surgical wound.The patients were followed up for complications,scored form of Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaire(BFLUTS-SF)urination symptom subscale,quality of life(QoL)score and the maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax),detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate(PdetQmax),post-void residual(PVR)were reviewed at 1,4,and 10 months after operation.Results After 10 months of follow-up,the subjective indexes of BFLUTS-SF and QoL scores were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P<0.001),and the objective indexes of Qmax,PdetQmax,and PVR were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P<0.001).Two patients had mild urgency urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection symptoms half a month after operation,and the symptoms were improved after anti-infection and pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment.During the follow-up period,there were no complications such as vesicovaginal fistula,stress urinary incontinence,or recurrent bladder neck obstruction.Conclusion 1470nm laser transurethral modified enlarged bladder neck resection can effectively relieve bladder neck obstruction without significant postoperative complications,with high safety and good patient satisfaction.

Objective:To investigate the improvement effect of cognitive psychotherapy on negative emotions and shame in patients with cancer and depression.Methods:A total of 114 patients with cancer and depression who received treatment at Shaoxing 7 th People's Hospital from February 2022 to May 2023 were included in this randomized controlled study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A and group B, with 57 patients in each group. Group A received routine western medicine treatment, while group B received routine western medicine combined with cognitive psychotherapy. Both groups received treatment for 8 weeks. Various measures were evaluated at the end of the treatment period, including negative emotions (Hamilton Depression Scale score, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score), shame (Social Impact Scale score), self-efficacy (Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale score), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score), and clinical efficacy. Results:After treatment, the Hamilton Depression Scale score and Hamilton Anxiety Scale score in group B were (7.83 ± 2.01) points and (9.78 ± 1.94) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in group A [(12.15 ± 2.37) points, (13.06 ± 2.32) points, t = 10.50, 8.19, both P < 0.001). The Social Impact Scale score in group B was significantly lower than that in group A [(44.72 ± 4.93) points vs. (51.63 ± 6.10) points, t = 6.65, P < 0.001]. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale score in group B was significantly higher than that in group A [(121.65 ± 11.44) points vs. (100.24 ± 10.73) points, t = -10.31, P < 0.001]. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score in group B was significantly lower than that in group A [(7.00 ± 0.85) points vs. (9.83 ± 1.10) points, t = 15.37, P < 0.001]. The overall response rate in group B was significantly higher than that in group A [94.74% (54/57) vs. 80.70% (46/57), χ2 = 5.21, P = 0.022]. Conclusion:Cognitive psychotherapy has a significant impact on patients with cancer and depression, effectively alleviating negative emotions and shame, enhancing self-efficacy, and improving sleep quality. Therefore, it deserves clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)brain-derived neurotrophic factor-antisense(BDNF-AS)and semaphorin 3B-antisense 1(SEMA3B-AS1)in patients with gastric cancer and the application value of combined ultrasound in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.Methods From January 2021 to February 2023,118 gastric cancer patients admitted to our hospital were retrospectively selected as the gastric cancer group,another 113 cases with benign gastric lesions in our hospital were as the benign lesion group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was applied to detect the expression levels of serum BDNF-AS and SEMA3B-AS1,and patients were divided into BDNF-AS high expression group(n=55)and BDNF-AS low expression group(n=63),SEMA3B-AS1 high expression group(n=57),and SEMA3B-AS1 low expression group(n=61)based on the average value;Kappa test was applied to analyze the consistency between ultrasound diagnosis and clinical pathological diagnosis;receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum BDNF-AS and SEMA3B-AS1 combined with ultrasound for gastric cancer.Results Compared with the benign lesion group,the serum levels of BDNF-AS and SEMA3B-AS1 in the gastric cancer group were obviously lower(t=10.205,t=9.590,P＜0.05);the expression levels of BDNF-AS and SEMA3B-AS1 were obviously lower in gastric cancer patients with tumor diameter≥3 cm,deeper infiltration depth,lower differentiation,and lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05);Kappa test results showed a high consistency between ultrasound diagnosis and clinical pathological diagnosis(Kappa value=0.723,P＜0.05);ROC results showed that the AUC of serum levels of BDNF-AS,SEMA3B-AS1,and ultrasound in diagnosis of gastric cancer was 0.848,0.835,and 0.861,respectively,the AUC(0.949)diagnosed by the combination of the three was obviously higher than that diagnosed by serum BDNF-AS alone(Z=4.713,P=0.000),serum SEMA3B-AS1 level alone(Z=4.112,P=0.001 5),and ultrasound diagnosis(Z=3.350,P=0.000 8),the sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis were superior to those diagnosed by the three alone.Conclusion The combination of serum BDNF-AS and SEMA3B-AS1 ultrasound has high practical value in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Objective This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)to investigate the changes of local brain regional homogeneity in patients with depression and childhood maltreatment,and we calculated the relationship between altered ReHo values and the severity of childhood maltreatment.Methods 25 patients with depression and childhood maltreatment,25 patients with depression without childhood maltreatment,and 25 age,gender,and education-matched healthy controls were prospectively enrolled.All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and ReHo analysis.One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the group differences,along with multiple comparison correction.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between region ReHo values with clinical scales.Results Compared with the group of depression without childhood maltreatment,the abnormal brain regions of depression with childhood maltreatment are mainly located in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,cerebellum,parietal gyrus,and precentral gyrus.The ReHo values of depression with childhood maltreatment in the left cerebellum and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are correlated with the severity of childhood maltreatment.Conclusions Depression with childhood mal-treatment is associated with changes in local spontaneous brain activity,which are correlated with the severity of childhood maltreatment.The brain changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum may explain the neurobiological mechanisms of depression with childhood maltreatment.

Objective To explore the research progress, research hotspot and development trend of tigecycline resistance based on the quantitative analysis and visualization function of CiteSpace. Methods The data were collected from 4,263 Chinese and English articles on tigecycline resistance in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science (WOS) databases from 2012 to 2022. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software was used to analyze the cooperative network of authors, the cooperative network of countries and institutions, the total citation times of journals, and keywords included in the literature, to reveal the hotspots and trends of tigecycline resistance research. Results The number of articles published in English literature was higher than that in Chinese literature. China had the largest number of published documents, showing a significant international academic influence in this research field. Countries all over the world were concerned about the resistance of tigecycline, but Chinese literatures focused more on the clinical infection and prevention of tigecycline resistance, while English literatures placed special emphasis on the research about the drug resistance mechanism of tigecycline. Conclusion The research direction at home and abroad is basically the same, but the research focus has gradually shifted from the clinical treatment and monitoring of tigecycline to the molecular level of drug resistance mechanism.

Objective The study aimed to elucidate the evolution of the syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and TCM syndrome elements in different chronic stages of psoriasis vulgaris.Methods A database was constructed using electronic medical records collected from July 2019 to March 2024 from 1,049 patients with psoriasis vulgaris.The study used Sankey diagrams and network association graphs to analyze the evolution of TCM syndromes and their elements in patients at the different stages:initial diagnosis,progressive stage(Week 2-3),progressive stage(Week 4-5),skin lesion improvement stage(Week 6-7),and remission stage.The syndrome elements network was constructed using community detection algorithms,and the association rules between local skin lesion syndrome differentiation and overall syndrome differentiation were displayed using heatmaps.Results(ⅰ)Initial diagnosis.In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,blood heat syndrome was the most common(79.79％);among the disease location of TCM syndrome elements(called"disease location"),liver was the most prevalent(35.62％);and among the pathological factors of TCM syndrome elements(called"pathological factors"),fire(heat)was the most common(75.48％).(ⅱ)Active stage(Week 2-3).In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,blood heat syndrome remained the most prevalent(73.13％);among the disease location,liver was still the most prevalent(31.71％);and among the pathological factors,fire(heat)continued to be the most common(82.11％),while dampness(22.26％)and qi stagnation(8.39％)began to increase.(ⅲ)Active stage(Week 4-5).The syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions was dominated by blood heat syndrome(45.91％)and blood dryness syndrome(37.19％);among disease location,the interior was the most prevalent(15.25％);and among the pathological factors,fire(heat)remained the most common(50.66％),with an increase in yin deficiency(34.26％).(ⅳ)Skin lesion improvement stage(Week 6-7).In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,both blood dryness syndrome(49.44％)and blood stasis syndrome(33.33％)increased;among the disease location,meridians increased most significantly and became the most prevalent(13.44％);and among the pathological factors,blood stasis increased most significantly and became the most prevalent(28.20％).(ⅴ)Remission stage.In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,blood stasis syndrome became the primary(55.69％),while the percentage of blood dryness syndrome decreased(21.16％);meridians(25.71％)and blood stasis(62.34％)remained the most predominant syndrome elements related to disease location or pathological factors.Conclusion The overall pattern of TCM syndromes in psoriasis vulgaris evolved from excess to deficiency.From the initial diagnosis to the active phase(Week 2-3),heat syndrome dominated;during the active phase(Week 4-5),heat syndrome coexisted with damp syndrome or yin deficiency syndrome;changes in the syndrome element network were the most significant during the lesion improvement phase,with blood stasis gradually increasing and peaking during the remission phase.Blood stasis,dampness,and qi stagnation were pervasive throughout psoriasis vulgaris;qi stagnation and blood stasis may be the main elements causing further deterioration and prolonged course of the disease during the active phase in patients.

Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect,process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues,along with relevant clinical information,and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols(SOP).Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders,highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples.The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium.As members increases from different regions in China,a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research.The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards,incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions,and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment.Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines,inclusion of matching controls in recruitment,and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by high rates of disability,recurrence and mortal-ity.It results primarily from cerebrovascular rupture or transient/permanent occlusion.Due to the complex pathological mechanism of stroke and the lack of early-stage biomarkers,effective treatment options remain limited.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are stable and conserved endogenous long noncoding RNA that regulate the pathological process of stroke,in-cluding oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis and autophagy.In addition,the regulatory roles of circRNAs in stroke include ceRNA,DNA methylation and histone modification.This review provides a comprehensive overview of circRNA biogenesis,major functions and characteristics.Furthermore,it presents the latest research findings on circRNAs in the context of stroke pathology,with the aim of providing new insights and potential approaches for unraveling the underlying mechanism,diagnosis and treatment of such diseases.